Reuther notes that the forms above are used in intransitive clauses. The following forms are used in transitive clauses.
Reuther spells this item using the root "banjabanja" while No. 15 has the root "banjibanji".
Reuther changes topic with these examples so I have placed them and the following as numbered sub-entries of the main entry.
Reuther also spells the name of this muramura as "Kirlawilina".
At entry 3920-6 Scherer has a note: "According to J.G. Irrgang (who spells the word "purku"), this is the 'broom-bush' As the wind blows the sand against it, or against any obstruction in its path, the sand gradually forms into a mound."
this name is mankarra-waRa 'girl-plural'. Many Australian Aboriginal groups name this constellation 'girls'.
this appears to be a Yawarrawarka or Yandruwandha name.
this appears to be a Yawarrawarka or Yandruwandha name.
this appears to be a Yawarrawarka or Yandruwandha name.
these are the opposite of danto.
Reuther does not set this item in a separate numbered paragraph. I have numbered it in sequence here.
This hole is called dityi mingka 'sun hole'.
It is normally impossible for Diyari words to beging with a consonant cluster "ntj" - this may be a loan from Aranda.
Reuther lists this as "vi with reciprocal force".
Reuther spells this entry as "diltiri" but under subentry No. 3270-130 he spells it "tildiri" and under subentry No. 3288-35 he spells it "tiltiri".
There does not appear to be an English translation of this item in Scherer's translation.
There does not appear to be an English translation of this item.
also found in Reuther's comparative vocabulary list as a Diyari-only entry. The files
in the South Australian Museum indicates a spelling by Vogelsang of kudana.
Compare sub-entry [1] with gloss 'side of a sandhill'.
Scherer's translation is "for the foot to wrap itself up".
Scherer's translation is "for the arm to wrap itself up".
Scherer's translation of "bigamist" suggests this is illegal, whereas in Aboriginal Law it is possible for men to have many wives.
Scherer's footnote here about omitting the auxiliary verb is not necessarily an error because the word "nandrana" here could be a dependent verb form (imperfective), although one would expected "nandranani" indicating different subject from the main clause subject.
This is the lizard known variously as 'stumpy-tail lizard', 'bluetongue lizard', 'shingleback lizard'. Its scientific name is Tiliqua rugosa.
The scientific name of this goanna is Varanus gouldii.
see also sub-entry [12] below.
see also sub-entry [1] above.
Scherer's suggested correction here is incorrect. darla is 'skin' while Reuther's "tala" generally represents tharla 'name'.
Austin recorded this with the gloss 'clover'. Gason p288 gives "kuloomba indigenous clover, when young cooked by the natives and eaten in large quantities". Reuther also spells this as kalumpa and kalumba and describes it as 'type of flowering plant that has fruit that can be eaten'.
Gason p288 "mootcha native cotton bush. When the leaves sprout and become quite green the natives gather and cook them, and at seed time they pluck and eat the pods".
Austin recorded this with the gloss 'sweet potato'. Compare entry No. 3760.
this is 'swamp cane-grass' (probably Eragrostis australasica, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eragrostis_australasica). Hercus (2014: 216) gives this as the cognate form in Yaluyandi, in contrast to kurla 'sandhill cane-grass'.
in a note under subentry No. 3148-15 Reuther says that tapana is used to refer to eating this fruit, and hence it must be soft and able to be slurped. However, under subentry No. 3036-52 he gives tajina which is used for hard fruits.
the shape of this word cannot be Diyari but most likely from some variety of Aranda.
No. 2597-24 Reuther spells this "wirlapi", No. 2756
under No. 3270-33 Reuther lists "padlaparu" as a type of animal that makes a track, perhaps an insect associated with this tree.
elsewhere Reuther describes it as 'has fruit that can be eaten'.
at entry No. 117 Reuther says it "has thorns".
they structure of this example does not match the translation. We would have expected the implicated-same subject verb form wapala rather than the imperfective-different buject form given by Reuther.
The suffix -la mentioned in Scherer's note is -lha meaning 'new information', indicating a change in circumstances.
The kuri is an ornament, typically made of sea shell and hung around the neck.
under No. 2664-20 Reuther lists this as a 'type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub'. This may be a reference to a species of termite.
Scherer seems to have misunderstood Reuther's note when he correctly refers to -nias an affix, and indicates that the noun without -nhi 'locative case' is the same as the accusative case form.
Reuther writes as one word with hyphen "junga-kanpu".
Reuther writes as one word "marakanpu".
Reuther writes as one word with hyphen "tidna-kanpu".
Reuther writes as one word with hyphen "ngalpa-kanpu".
Reuther writes as one word with hyphen "mita-kanpu".
Reuther writes as one word with hyphen "talaratandra-kanpu".
Reuther writes as one word with hyphens "marda-buru-kanpu".
Reuther writes with a hyphen "pita-kanpu".
Reuther writes with a hyphen "kana-kanpu".
Reuther writes as one word with hyphens "paja-kutja-kanpu".
Reuther writes with a hyphen "mandikilla-kanpu".
Reuther writes as one word "ngantikanpu".
Reuther writes as one word "mardakanpu".
Reuther writes this entry with a hyphen "mana-kanpu".
Reuther writes this entry as one word "pirrakanpu".
Entry 187 [8] is ditji woldrajelbi 'autumnal equinox', halfway between summer and winter.
The gloss should be 'older sister' (in contrast to ngathata 'younger sister'. It is used by bother brothers and sisters.
under No. 3910 Scherer has a footnote "According to J.G. Irrgang, the katatara is the green shell-parrot". Contemporary speakers use the term to refer to 'budgerigar', Melopsittacus undulatus.
Scherer's claim in the footnote on the following example that "only the future tense is possible in this context" is an error, as verbs preceding the future auxiliary ngana-yi must take the future inflection -lha, not the participial -rna seen here. If anything, we might have expected wiRaRi-rnanhi 'wander about-imperfDS' as the verb form here, since the main verb is parra-yi 'is lying' whose subject is puka 'vegetable food', while the understood subject of wiRaRi-rnanhi is 'we'.
Reuther does not specify here but this applies to widows in mourning. Entry [2] suggests that this context is what he had in mind.
Scherer's footnote 2 here shows a misunderstanding. The Diyari expression mindrilkamayi literally means 'run together with!' and hence there is a sense of speed that Reuther's "quickly" in his translation captures.
contemporary speakers give "kilapara" as 'bony bream fish', Nematalosa erebi.
occurs in Reuther's comparative vocabulary list with gloss "spread, cover up".
Scherer's translation here contains "(Page 473)" however it is not clear what this refers to.
Reuther partially duplicates this entry in No. 961.
Reuther writes this as "paru-kutja".
Reuther writes this entry as "mudla-kutja".
The translation here is incorrect. It means instead 'to turn upside down'.
Sort out these numbers: (page 4914).
Sort out these numbers: (page 493).
sort out these numbers(pp.493-494) here.
Sort out these numbers: (page 494).
Sort out these numbers: (page 495).
Sort out these numbers: (page 496).
Sort out these numbers: (page 496-97).
Sort out these numbers: (page 497).
Sort out these numbers: (page 498).
Sort out these numbers: (page 498).
Sort out these numbers: (page 498).
Sort out these numbers: (page 499).
Scherer's translation has "(See page 503)" at this point but the reference is unclear.
Reuther has entry No. 896a kudnampirraedible berry and entry No. 936 type of grass. Are all three entries variants of one form? Hercus (2014: 217) gives kudnampira 'ruby saltbush' and this may be cognate with the Diyari term.
in a note under subentry No. 3148-15 Reuther says that tapana is used to refer to eating this fruit, and hence it must be soft and able to be slurped.
Scherer's note is an error here. The Reuther text shouls read kurarana kurala which means 'to put down', and consists of the participial form kuraRa-rna 'to put', and kurra-lha the copound verb formative kurra-rna 'action away'.
At entry No. 432 Reuther has kudnampiratype of plant and at entry No. 936 he has kudnampirraedible berry. Are these all variants of a single form?
The form given by Reuther seems to be an error and should be kurukurubijiribamalina.
Reuther partially duplicates this entry in No. 772.
Reuther elsewhere describes it as a 'flowering plant that has edible fruit'.
under No. 2664-19 Reuther lists this as 'edible caterpillar or grub'.
Compare tharlpa 'ear, leaf'.
Reuther numbered the items above as sub-entries but they belong together in terms of ethnographic practices. The first sub-entry is thus numbered [4]. Note that in entry No. 75D he also mentions kumana by women in order to incite men to avenge a death.
Fry (1941: 137) "kurukuku 'diamond dove'".
Reuther wrote "the opposite of No. 1115, in respect to each paragraph", however this is the derived transitive form of the verb.
Reuther gives a longer and more detailed list under No. 1972-9.
Reuther gives a longer and more detailed list under No. 1972-8.
There is no entry No. 1171.
Gason (1874: 287) "muroomuroo 'black water hen'".
This may be the 'desert quandong, sandalwood tree', Santalum lanceolatum. The Wangkangurru word is marnawarra, and Ngamini has marndawarra, according to Johnson and Cleland.
contemporary speakers identify this as 'yellow belly fish, golden perch'.
also panki-rna.
this animal is probably Rattus villosisimus (Johnston 1943).
Gason (1874: 287) "muloora 'cormorant'".
Scherer's note is incorrect as the word pardi means 'snake' in Yawarrawarka.
This form does not match normal Diyari phonotactics.
Fry (1937: 187) "mulapara 'pigeon'".
Reuther's translation is incorrect here as this is a dual pronoun and hence indicates two persons only (speaker and a third person) not three.
Scherer translates this as 'both our', but this is clearly an error as it is the dual geneitive form.
Scherer translates this as 'our two'.
This is ngayani the plural exclusive form, so not including the person(s) addressed.
This is ngayana the first person plural inclusive form, including the person(s) addressed.
this is ngakarnaya with the final vowel of the three-syllable root ngakarni neutralising to a when -nhi is added.
this is ngakarnanhi with the final vowel of the three-syllable root ngakarni neutralising to a when -nhi is added.
this is the possessive form of the 1st person plural exclusive, excluding the person(s) addressed.
Scherer translates this as "to edge on a dog".
Reuther does not give the Diyari expression here so I have added it.
This is the 'sleepy lizard' or 'shingleback'.
Howitt and Siebert (1902: 407) "Ngami are like long slender crochet-hooks made of wood, which the blacks skilfully extract the grubs from their tunnel-holes in the gum tree trunks".
called "nardoo" in English.
Scherer added warayi here but the example is fine without it.
I have added the literal translation here.
This rather means 'sound of rushing water'.
Check the translation of this entry in the original manuscript.
Reuther's grammar suggests that 'ngapili' is the transitive subject form of the word for 'father', not that it indicates distance.
I have added glosses to these terms -- Reuther simply lists the Diyari words.
this is ngunarndula 'crinum lily' (Crinum asiaticum, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crinum_asiaticum). Hercus (2014: 221) gives the same form and meaning.
Reuther included further glosses "to grasp, to hold firmly, to clasp, to embrace, to seize hold of, to touch; to prevent, to restrain", however these relate to the next entry.
to guard oneself against missiles (weapons).
Reuther's original entry is "paruterina" but this seems to be an error.
under No. 2664-09 Reuther lists this as a 'type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub'.
spelled by Reuther "mininkirla".
Scherer's "correction" appears to be an error and the correct form is najini pani since nhayi-ni is a nominalisation which can be modified by pani 'none', whereas nhayirna is a verb and cannot be directly modified by 'none'.
Howitt and Siebert (1902: 411): "Paua is food made from the seed of various plants. It is collected, cleaned, and stored away in pits, which are closed by a cover made of rushes and smeared on each side with clay to hold them together. The paua when taken out of the pits is placed in bags (wonduru) and either carried by the people or hung up in trees.".
takes a complement in the locative case.
Scherer's footnote is incorrect. The word "talarali" is an example of the instrumental use of the ergative case, so this should mean 'to bring forth by means of rain'.
Scherer's footnote is incorrect. The word "pajali" is an example of the instrumental use of the ergative case, so this should mean 'to bring forth by means of birds'.
I have removed the tree identifications from this footnote and added them to the relevant entries below.
No. 2597-30 Reuther spells this "tuldrani", No. 2756-64
spelled by Reuther "miminkirla".
also called 'manna'.
Reuther also spells this "poto".
If Scherer's note is correct; this bird is Trichoglossus moluccanus.
spelled by Reuther "miminkirla".
Volgesang note on Hosfeld translation: "native say daliri"
This is actually the genitive form used in subject function.
This is actually the genitive form used in subject function.
This is actually the the genitive form used in subject function.
This is actually the the genitive form used in subject function.
This is actually the genitive form used in subject function.
This is actually the genitive of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the genitive of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the genitive of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the genitive of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the genitive of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the locative of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the locative of the genitive form,with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the locative of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the locative of the genitive form, with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the locative of the genitive form, with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the the genitive form used in object function.
This is actually the the genitive form used in object function.
This is actually the the genitive form used in object function.
This is actually the ergative of the genitive form used in object function.
This is actually the ergative of the genitive form with change of final vowel in 'thanarni' to 'a'. For the 'close to speaker' meaning we would expect 'thanarnaliya'.
This is actually the ergative of the genitive form with change of final vowel in 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the ergative of the genitive form with change of final vowel in 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the ergative of the genitive form with change of final vowel in 'thanarni' to 'a'.
This is actually the ergative of the genitive form with change of final vowel in 'thanarni' to 'a'.
The word "ngundi" does not appear in any other entry and so it cannot be translated here.
the term "nirpi" is not found in other entries and cannot be separately translated.
The form "warru" is not found in other entries and cannot be translated here.
This is an idiom but the term "bulkari" is not found elsewhere in the dictionary.
This is an idiom but the term "tjiriri" is not found elsewhere in the dictionary.
Reuther does not indicate which species is intended. Note that for some of these Reuther does not give a separate entry in the Dictionary -- see the Dictionary Entries Supplement for these items.
also "marduka" for 'matrilineal moiety'.
Reuther appears to have misspelled this word and left out -ri-.
961-17 Reuther glosses this as 'type of blowfly'.
translated by contemporary speakers as 'to boil, to bubble'.
South Australian Museum handwritten vocabulary notes item 1342 "tinpatinpalunga a bird (nightparrot)"
South Australian Museum handwritten vocabulary notes item 1346 "to/uku the outside or flank"
South Australian Museum handwritten vocabulary notes item 1351 "to/uda midday"
South Australian Museum handwritten vocabulary notes item 1365 "'duru'terkana to stand stooping, in a stooping position"
This is the intransitive form of the verb, and is used with a noun in the locative case to mean 'to ride on', as in nhantunhi thukatharrirna 'to ride on a horse'.
Reuther appears to have misspelled this word and left out -ri-.
also used to refer to balls made of clay or gypsum.
Spelled "tjarabu" in No. 3910-22 and "tjarapu" in No. 1993-49
Reuther appears to have misspelled this word -tha- is missing.
Reuther appears to have misspelled this word as -ri- is missing.
compare entry No. 384.
also given by Reuther with the gloss 'type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub' under No. 2664-28.
elsewhere in the Dictionary Reuther describes this as a large, non-venemous carpet snake
this is Cyperus bulbosus.
elsewhere in the dictionary Reuther calls this a 'wild cat' or 'native cat'. In No. 145-01 it is described as dakadaka 'colourful, variegated', and No. 982-09 has a mytholological story about this animal.