Reuther Dictionary

:

Spelling: thayi-lha-rlu

Spelling: thayi-mali-rna

Context: i.e. to speak to one another in biting terms.

jaurali tajimalina
to eat one another with words

Spelling: thayi-rna

[1] buka tajina to eat seed-damper
[2] winkara tajina to eat 'winkara' type of plant
[3] nganti tajina to eat meat
[4] kalumba tajina to eat 'kalumba' type of plant
[5] mutja tajina to eat 'mutja' type of leaf
[6] kurintji tajina to eat 'kurintji' type of fruit
[7] kalju tajina to eat 'kalju' (type of fruit)
[8] worduru tajina to eat 'worduru' (type of root)
[9] tupara tajina to eat 'tupara' root
[10] paru tajina to eat fish
[11] paja tajina to eat birds
[12] manjura tajina to eat 'manjura' type of plant
[13] julanti tajina to eat 'julanti' type of plant
[14] wirlabi tajina to eat 'wirlabi' type of plant
[15] jaua tajina to eat small onions
[16] pitjiri tajina to chew [native] tobacco
[17] makuwoda tajina to eat a type of tuber [or native potato]
[18] woma tajina to eat snakes
[19] kapiri tajina to eat a type of goanna
[20] kadni tajina to eat a type of lizard
[21] pildra tajina to eat a type of opossum
[22] putatja tajina to eat 'putatja', a type of animal
[23] duru tajina to eat 'duru', a type of animal
[24] warukati tajina to eat emus
[25] kantu tajina to eat 'kantu', a type of animal
[26] kanunka tajina to eat 'kanunka', a type of animal
[27] tjukuru tajina to eat kangaroos
[28] kindala tajina to eat dogs
[29] majura tajina to eat rats
[30] nili tajina to eat mice
[31] karapana tajina to eat 'karapana', a type of animal
[32] ngulji tajina to eat [tree] gum
[33] worderi tajina to eat 'worderi', a type of animal
[34] padi muluru tajina to eat a type of caterpillar
[35] marudunka tajina to eat a type of fruit
[36] puntara tajina to eat a type of fruit
[37] karlukapi tajina to eat ants' eggs
[38] tidnamara tajina to eat a type of frog
[39] karlatiri tajina to eat a type of frog
[40] karlila tajina to eat a type of grub (worm)
[41] mundukali tajina to eat a type of lizard
[42] kariwiri tajina to eat a type of plant (grass)
[43] dankakaldri tajina to eat a type of fruit
[44] womamai tajina to eat a type of fruit
[45] kudnijinka tajina to eat a type of [wood] grub
[46] pal)angani tajina to eat a type of [tree] gum
[47] wadlula tajina to eat a type of grub
[48] narimani tajina to eat human flesh
[49] kudnampirra tajina to eat a type of fruit
[50] danju tajina to eat a type of seed
[51] narimai tajina to eat a type of seed
[52] mpiampia tajina to eat a type of seed
[53] malkakati tajina to eat a type of fruit
[54] winparatji tajina to eat a type of tuber [or root vegetable]
[55] dilkamai tajina to eat a type of tuber [or root vegetable]
[56] ngilba tajina to eat a type of tuber [or root vegetable]
[57] katukatumarkara tajina to eat a type of tuber [or root vegetable]
[58] tjimpirka tajina to eat a type of root [vegetable]
[59] padiparlabaru tajina to eat a type of caterpillar
[60] kantati tajina to eat a type of root [vegetable]
[61] pilinga tajina to eat a [type of] water animal
[62] kokula tajina to eat a type of animal
[63] kokulakuldru tajina to eat a type of root [vegetable]
[64] ngaljaru tajina to eat a type of fruit
[65] manawara tajina to eat a type of fruit
[66] mardakura tajina to eat a type of animal
[67] kuwarka tajina to eat a type of plant (grass)
[68] pitiwarukati tajina to eat a type of plant (grass)
[69] ngunja tajina to eat a type of grass
[70] ngaldari tajina to eat a type of grass
[71] ngakarla tajina to eat a type of fruit
[72] kapukapu tajina to eat cased caterpillars
[73] narimalpiri tajina to eat cased caterpillars
[74] jika tajina to eat a type of fruit
[75] narda tajina to eat a type of fruit
[76] purpa tajina to eat a type of root [vegetable]
[77] kurapa tajina to eat a type of root [vegetable]
[78] pirnapitjiri tajina to eat a type of fruit
[79] kuri tajina to eat (the interior of) mussels
[80] dukali tajina to eat a [type of] water animal
[81] mudla tajina for one's nose to itch
Ethnography: An indication that a friend is coming.
[82] palku tajina for one's body to itch
[83] mara tajina to eat the hand
Context: to live only on [the generosity of] one's supporter.
[84] manu tajina to swallow one's temperament
Context: to be no longer able to bide one's time.
[85] tapa tajina for a wound to itch
[86] mili tajina to devour one's servant
Context: for a servant to be very attached, devoted.
[87] kana tajina to devour people
Context: The earth does this.
[88] tidna tajina to eat one's feet
Context: The sun does this; it scorches the feet.
[89] poto tajina to devour one's possessions
Context: i.e. when a man has all his possessions taken from him.
[90] ngara tajina for one's heart to eat
Idiom: i.e. to be very hungry.
[91] mita tajina to eat up ground
Idiom: i.e. for a man to travel a long distance in quick time.
[92] nguna tajina for one's arm to itch
[93] turu tajina for fire to devour
Idiom: to burn up everything.
[94] pita tajina for spears to devour
Context: e.g. when a man is killed (stabbed) by a spear.
[95] minka tajina to eat up a hole
Idiom: i.e. for a man to dig very fast.
[96] milja tajina to eat something that is reserved
Context: e.g. what children fondly desire, but are not allowed to eat.
[97]
Ethnography: Things that children and young people are prohibited from eating: kapiri, warukati, womangandri, Female carpet-snakes. marikilla pirna, milkiwaru, kakaturu, mudlakupa, markara, dukapi, S. Gason: "Thookabie" 'diver'. warukati, warukatikapi, 'emu eggs'. kudikapi, 'Swan eggs'. kirki, gildi. 'fat'. Should they eat of these, they will become old, grey, and arrogant.
[98] tuparu tajina to eat a type of root [vegetable]
[99] pita tajina to eat trees
Context: grubs and caterpillars do this.
[100] kata tajina to eat lice
[101] talpa tajina to eat leaves
[102] manatandra tajina to have toothache
[103] miliaru tajina to eat, devour the night
Context: to wander around during the night.
[104] woldra tajina to devour the heat (or) daytime
Context: to work during [the heat of] the day.

Spelling: thayi-rna-yitya

Context: Used in reference to caterpillars.

Spelling: thayi-ipa-tharri-rna

[1] tirieli tajipaterina to be unable to restrain one's anger
[2] ngantini tajipaterina to be unable to restrain one's desire for an animal; to exert oneself to grab it
[3] noani tajipaterina to aspire after a wife; to exert every effort to acquire a wife
[4] kindala tajipaterina for a dog to be unable to be restrained
Context: [and thus] give chase to an animal.
[5] tajipaterina killina to dance un-interruptedly
[6] tajipaterina jatamalina almost to devour one another in a verbal battle
[7] potuni tajipaterina to be very desirous of possessions; to be keen after something
[8] ngatjina tajipaterina to demand unashamedly
[9] tidnani tajipaterina to search diligently for footprints
[10] kupani tajipaterina to be very concerned about one's children
[11] tajipaterina waltana to carry untiringly
Grammar: adverb use.

Spelling: thayi-iyirpa-rna

Context: e.g. tobacco.

Spelling: thayi-thayi-rna

Spelling: thayi-tharri-rna

[1] turu tajiterina for wood to burn of itself
[2] mita tajiterina for ground to devour itself
Context: e.g. when it moves up and down [in] a mirage.
[3] milki tajiterina for an eye to devour itself
Context: i.e. when it severely smarts during a disease of the eye.
[4] tidna tajiterina for footprints to devour themselves
Context: i.e. to return along the same track.
[5] kalka tajiterina for the red glow of sunset to vanish of itself
[6] talara tajiterina for rain to devour itself
Context: i.e. for rainclouds to become depleted.
[7] jadi tajiterina to devour its [own] after-birth
Context: e.g. a dog.
[8] tapa tajiterina for a sore to eat around itself

Spelling: darla

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana tala human skin
[2] tara tala rug; cover
[3] tjukuru tala kangaroo skin
Context: Similarly of all birds and animals.
[4] pita tala tree bark
[5] wajimana tala clouds that presage rain
[6] kapi tala egg shell
[7] jaua tala peel of small 'jaua' onions
[8] padi tala caterpillar skin
[9] winkara tala skin (outer part) of 'winkara' roots
[10] pariwilpa tala stretched out heavens; expansive sky
[11] Katitanta tala stretched-out skin constituting [or denoting] Lake Eyre

:

Spelling: thalaRa

Grammar: feminine gender.

Etymology: This word is a compound of tala name and -ra from mura deity, and signifies 'name of the deity', i.e. to call on the deity, in other words, to mention the name of the deity during a ceremonial song Reuther: "Goettergebetsgesang". [or sacred ceremony].

Ethnography: Among the Jandruwanta the ceremonial song Reuther: "Goettergebetsgesang". for rain goes like this: . is the equivalent of spirit. In Diari [it is] the soul with a glorified body that never dies. is balubaluru in Diari, [meaning] smooth; without branches; without face wrinkles; not ill-tempered; friendly-faced. certainly; in truth I, [allied to] a transitive verb. back, Note: There is a discrepancy between in the text above and in the meaning given below. Moreover, the imperative should read: . turn around! The meaning is: 'I appeal to you, embodied spirit, show a friendly face and do not turn your back on us, but send [us] rain!' At the same time the [appropriate] rituals Reuther: "die Formen". are performed which the muramura [himself] once carried out.

[1] talara kunditji continuous rain, gentle rain
Context: which lasts for days.
[2] talara ndurunduru drizzling rain
[3] talara markingana heavy rain
[4] talara wondru local shower of rain
[5] talara mardaburu rain with hailstones
[6] talara godana for rain to fall; to rain
[7] talara pate moist from rain
[8] talara tandra raindrops
[9] talara ngapa rainwater
[10] talara puturu rain-dust
Idiom: fine drizzling rain.
[11] talara kuparu first drops of rain
[12] talara billi dark (black) rainclouds on the horizon
[13] talara palku raincloud
[14] talara baluru whitish-grey rain-sky
[15] talara wondiri second dark raincloud
Context: after which rain begins to set in. Also talara tandiwitta.
[16] talara ngurawarukana for wind to drive rain at an oblique angle
[17] talara palku dunkana for rainclouds to come up
[18] talara marda rain stone
[19] talara dijana to kill rain
Idiom: to cause rain to cease.
[20] talatalara type of grass
[21] talara jindrana for thunder to roll; for it to thunder
[22] talara pildripildri lightning
[23] talara turuturu summer rain
[24] talara malka indication (or) sign of rain
[25] talatelara type of bird
Xref: No. 20
[26] talara kaukaubana to announce rain
Context: The wiluru bird, etc. does this.
[27] talara piri [for rain] to clear
[28] talara pani without rain
[29] talara baru distant lightning and rain
[30] talara jinpana to drive away rein
Context: to enchant it.
[31] talara paraitji rain light
Context: flash of lightning.
[32] talara kidni streak of lightning
[33] talara kunngara sound of rain
[34] talara mura [totemic] rain ceremony
[35] talara pandra petitioner for rain
[36] talarali maru ngulukana for a solitary rain-cloud to spy
Idiom: to come up and spy around to see if there isn't another rain [cloud] in the vicinity.
[37] talarapalku parlapurina for rainclouds to shed their waters
[38] talarani wonkana to beg for rain
[39] talara ngankana to make rain
Context: to re-enact (imitate) the ritual forms Reuther: "die Form". of the muramura.
[40] talara miljamilja pantjina for rainwater to glisten
Context: as it lies on the ground.
[41] talara nandrana to kill rain
Context: to pound a rain-bone to pieces.
[42] talarali nandrana to be caught in the rain
[43] talara parana to lie for rain
Context: when petitioners for rain Reuther: "Regenbitter". are sitting down inside a rain-hut.
[44] talara punga rain hut
[45] talara pantja parumana for rain to drag legs after it
Idiom: to be drenched in the rain.
[46] talaraia tjirkatjirkaraterina to decorate oneself for a rain increase ceremony
Ethnography: the body hairs are singed off.
[47] talara tarana for rain to come up
[48] talara titinga raindrops that fall inside a wurley
[49] talara-tandra kanpungana for raindrops to sound
Context: as they fall on top of a wurley.
[50] talara-tandra markingana for rain to pour down
Context: [in sheer bucketfuls].
[51] ditji maratatina talaraia to attract rain
Context: The sun's rays at eventide do this.
[52] talara dauadauana to prevent rain
Context: The rainbow does this.
[53] talara mukamuka [gloomy, dismal] rainclouds
Context: that come up during the night.

Spelling: thalaRa kini-lha

Spelling: thalaRa-yitya

Spelling: thalaRa-lha

Spelling: thalaRa-Ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: thalaRa-Ri-rna

Context: e.g. the sky.

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Addition: Volgesang note on Hosfeld translation: "native say daliri"

[1] pantu taliri salt crust on top of a lake

Spelling: tharlku

Context: This is a much-used word, coined by 'white' people. No 'native' man knows how to explain it: from where it was derived, or how it may have been garbled. The correct word for anything that is 'right' or 'just' is expressed in Diari by ulu.

Spelling: tharlpa

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana talpa human ear
[2] kindala talpa dog's ear
[3] nganti talpa animal's ear
[4] pita talpa tree leaf
[5] minka talpa hole ear
Context: a [small] opening leading upwards from inside a burrow.
[6] marda talpa petrified ears
Mythology: Two stones are lying in the vicinity of Beltana, which represent the two ears of the dog of a muramura.
[7] wirra talpa leaves of the 'wirra' bush
Context: Similarly in reference to all bushes and shrubs.
[8] mana talpa mouth leaves
Idiom: upper and lower lips.
[9] jaura talpa news leaf
Idiom: message that has been sent out in this and that direction, [but only] a portion of which has reached a certain point.
[10] talpa warina for two leaves to shoot up out of the ground from the one corm
[11] talpakuri freshly-sprouting leaves
[12] talpa murla sympathetic (friendly) ears
Context: in the case of a person who always listens and obeys.

Spelling: tharlpa kaldru

Spelling: tharlpa kaldru-Ri-rna

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: composed of talpa ear, karu grey and -nu he, denotes 'one with grey ears'.

Spelling: tharlpa kudna

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: [Derived from] talpa ear and -la -ian, Reuther: "-aner" (as in Mohammedaner, Indianer, etc.). It is a suffix somewhat the equivalent of '-ian' (as in Egyptian) or '-er' (as in New Zealand-er), etc. i.e. 'one who doesn't listen'.

Spelling: thalpa-lha-rlu

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: derived from talpana to stare at, denotes a dog that looks fixedly at a person.

Spelling: thalpa-rna

[1] turu talpana to kindle a fire
[2] ngurutalpana to look sternly at someone
[3] ngara talpana to stir up the heart
Idiom: so that a person loses his temper.
[4] turu mudla talpana to light the end of a piece of wood
[5] ditjieli talpana to get sunburnt

Spelling: thalpa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thalpa-rna-yitya

Context: e.g. the sun.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: from talpa ear, nundu short, and -na he, denotes 'one that has short ears'.

Spelling: tharlpa-ri-ipa-rna

Ethnography: by means of an invocatory song.

Spelling: tharlpa-ri-rna

Spelling: thalpa-tharri-rna

Context: i.e. to acquire scars.

Spelling: thalpa-iyirpa-rna

Spelling: dalpuRa

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: dalpuRa ngana-rna

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] mita talta crevice, cleft in the ground
[2] pita talta crack, split in wood
[3] kirra talta cracked, split boomerang
[4] wona talta cracked digging-stick
[5] koko talta cracked, hollow tree
[6] marda talta cracked stone
[7] punga talta wurley riddled with holes

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

:

[1] tidna tampa light feet
Context: [leaving] no deep imprints.
[2] pinga tampa sneaking troop of blood-avengers
[3] kindalani tampa sneaking up on a dog

Spelling: None

Etymology: composed of tampa stomach and kurarana to pour into, to stuff up Reuther wrote "hineinfressen" 'to eat into', but must have meant to say hineinstopfen. means 'to pour or stuff into the stomach'. This indicates [a dog] that always keeps on stuffing its stomach full, in other words, a gluttonous [animal].

:

[1] kana tampana for people to sneak along
[2] milki tampana for a spy to move about stealthily
[3] ngalpurani tampana to mooch around in the dark, to poke about in the dark
[4] butju tampana for a blind man to grope [his way] about
[5] tampana kurana to leave stealthily
Grammar: adverb use.
[6] mardani tampana to glide along on stones; to tread lightly
[7] dilkani tampana to tread lightly on prickles
[8] pajani tampana to creep up on birds
[9] kurujeli tampana to sneak along stealthily
[10] widlani tampana to sneak after women
[11] tampana dikana to turn around and sneak back
Grammar: adverb use.
[12] wiljaru tampana those punished for [moral] misconduct to come slinking along
[13] ngantini tampana to sneak up on animals
[14] watarani tampana to grope one's way against the wind
[15] talarani tampana to grope one's way in the rain
[16] narini tampana to creep up on a dead man

:

Spelling: thampangarra

Grammar: masculine gender.

Ethnography: The skins of these [birds] are utilized for [making] rugs, while the bag is used for carrying water. They lay their eggs at the Kunki Is this name possibly synonymous with the well-known "Coongie" Lake on a branch of the Cooper's Creek some 60 to 70 miles N.W. of Innamincka? and Blanche Lakes.

Spelling: None

Mythology: The two wives of Jelkabalubaluna sneaked up [on their husband], in order to kill him.

Spelling: None

Grammar: plural.

Spelling: thampuri-ipa-rna

[1] minka tampuribana to close in a burrow
[2] punga tampuribana to smash in a wurley
[3] kutu tampuribena to close in a hole
[4] tampuribana kurana not to dig any further
Grammar: adverb use.

:

Spelling: None

Mythology: The dogs of Danubutjana were buried [alive] in a burrow at Beltana.

:

[1] punga tampurina for a wurley to give way, collapse
[2] kutu tampurina for a hole to cave in, collapse
[3] ngapatjili tampurina for a [soakage-]well to cave in
[4] minka tampurina for a burrow to give way, cave in
[5] kana tampurina for a man to fell [e.g. into a hole], and be buried [alive]
[6] kana tampurina for a person to collapse [and] die
[7] mita tampurina for earth to collapse [or break away] at the edge
[8] nganti tampurina for animals to collapse
Context: to perish during a dry season.
[9] pita tampurina for a tree to fall over
[10] marda tampurina for a stone cave to collapse
[11] manatandra tampurina for a tooth to drop out
[12] palku tampurina for a body to lose condition
[13] munari tampurina for a bank to collapse, to cave in
[14] narikutu tampurina for a grave-mound to sink, to cave in
[15] kalku tampurina for the red glow of sunset to sink
Context: [and fade].
[16] tampurine ngarina to slip down; to slide off
[17] minamina tampurina for one's temple to shrink
Context: of a dying man.
[18] mandra tampurina for one's stomach to shrink
Context: due to hunger.
[19] kima tampurina for a swelling to go down
[20] milki tampurina for one's eyes to drop
Context: [or close].

:

Spelling: thana

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: thana-ya

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: thana-ya-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, in close proximity to the speaker. The indefinite form. Reuther: "unbestimmte Redeweise" lit: 'uncertain manner of speaking'.

Spelling: thana-ya-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, in close proximity to the speaker. The definite form. Reuther: "bestimmte Redeweise" literally: 'positive manner of speaking'.

Spelling: thana-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, at a remote distance from the speaker. The indefinite form.

Spelling: thana-li

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine ablative transitive, at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: thana-li-ya

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine ablative transitive, in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: thana-li-ya-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine ablative transitive, the indefinite form.

Spelling: thana-li-ya-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine ablative transitive, the definite form.

Spelling: thana-li-para

Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Grammar: plural ablative for use with transitive verbs.

Spelling: thana-li-pini

Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Grammar: plural ablative.

Spelling: thana-li-wa

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine ablative transitive, within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: thana-rlu

Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Spelling: thana-nha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine accusative, at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: thana-rni-ya

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, at a remote distance from the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the genitive of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-nha-ya

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine accusative, in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: than-rni-ya

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, in close proximity to the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the genitive of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-rni-ya-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, the indefinite form.

Addition: This is actually the genitive of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-nha-ya-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine accusative, in close proximity to the speaker. The indefinite form.

Spelling: thana-nha-ya-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine accusative, in close proximity to the speaker. The definite form.

Spelling: thana-rni-ya-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, the definite form.

Addition: This is actually the genitive of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-rnili

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine ablative, transitive, at a remote distance from the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the ergative of the genitive form with change of final vowel in 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-rni-li

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine ablative, transitive, in close proximity to the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the ergative of the genitive form with change of final vowel in 'thanarni' to 'a'. For the 'close to speaker' meaning we would expect 'thanarnaliya'.

Spelling: thana-rni-li-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine ablative, transitive, the indefinite form.

Addition: This is actually the ergative of the genitive form with change of final vowel in 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-rni-li-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine ablative, transitive, the definite form.

Addition: This is actually the ergative of the genitive form with change of final vowel in 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-rni-li-wa

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine ablative, transitive, within calling distance of the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the ergative of the genitive form with change of final vowel in 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-rni-nhi

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine dative, in close proximity to the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the locative of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-rni-nhi

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine dative, at a remote distance from the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the locative of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-rni-nhi-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine dative, the indefinite form.

Addition: This is actually the locative of the genitive form, with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-rni-nhi-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine dative, the definite form.

Addition: This is actually the locative of the genitive form, with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-rni-nhi-wa

Grammar: 3rd plural dative.

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine dative, within calling distance of the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the locative of the genitive form,with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-nha-para

Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Grammar: plural accusative.

Spelling: thana-nha-pini

Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Grammar: plural accusative.

Spelling: thana-rni-ya-wa

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, within calling distance of the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the genitive of the genitive form with change of the last vowel of 'thanarni' to 'a'.

Spelling: thana-nha-wa

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine accusative, within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: thana-ngu

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine dative, in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: thana-ngu

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine dative, at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: thana-ngu-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine dative, in close proximity to the speaker. The indefinite form.

Spelling: thana-ngu-para

Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Grammar: plural dative.

Spelling: thana-ngu-pini

Grammar: plural dative.

Spelling: thana-ngu-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine dative, in close proximity to the speaker. The definite form.

Spelling: thana-ngu-wa

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine dative, within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: thana-rni

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, at a remote distance from the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the the genitive form used in subject function.

Spelling: thana-rni

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: None

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: thana-rni

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine accusative, in close proximity to the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the the genitive form used in object function.

Spelling: thana-rni-ya

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, in close proximity to the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the genitive form used in subject function.

Spelling: thana-rni-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, within close proximity of the speaker. The indefinite form.

Spelling: thana-rni-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, the indefinite form.

Addition: This is actually the genitive form used in subject function.

Spelling: thana-rni-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine accusative, the indefinite form.

Addition: This is actually the ergative of the genitive form used in object function.

Spelling: thana-rni-para

Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Grammar: plural genitive.

Spelling: thana-rni-pini

Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Grammar: plural possessive for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: thana-rni-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, the definite form.

Addition: This is actually the the genitive form used in subject function.

Spelling: thana-rni-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine accusative, the definite form.

Addition: This is actually the the genitive form used in object function.

Spelling: thana-rni-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, at a remote distance from the speaker. The definite form.

Spelling: thana-rni-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, within close proximity of the speaker. The definite form.

Spelling: thana-rni-wa

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine accusative, within calling distance of the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the the genitive form used in object function.

Spelling: thana-rni-wa

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: thana-rni-wa

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, within calling distance of the speaker.

Addition: This is actually the genitive form used in subject function.

Spelling: thana-rni-wa-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine genitive, within calling distance of the speaker. The definite form.

Spelling: thana-para

Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Grammar: plural nominative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: thana-para-rlu

Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Spelling: thana-pini

Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Grammar: plural nominative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: thana-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, at a remote distance from the speaker. The definite form.

Spelling: thana-wa-ku

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, within calling distance of the speaker. The indefinite form.

Spelling: thana-wa-tha

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, within calling distance of the speaker. The definite form.

Spelling: thana-wa

Grammar: 3rd person plural masculine and feminine nominative, within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: thandra

Grammar: feminine gender.

[1] buka tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
Context: such as the following:.
[2] tankakaldri fruit that [can be] eaten
[3] manawara fruit that [can be] eaten
[4] marudunka fruit that [can be] eaten
[5] ngardu fruit that [can be] eaten
[6] jaua fruit that [can be] eaten
[7] mutja fruit that [can be] eaten
Context: [Among other things, also].
[8] mangatandra head
[9] manatandra teeth
[10] milki tandra eye-ball
[11] pantja tandra knee-cap
[12] kalu tandra testicles
[13] talara tandra raindrops
[14] danju fruit that [can be] eaten
[15] wirra fruit that [can be] eaten
[16] kuntjiri fruit that [can be] eaten
[17] kalju fruit that [can be] eaten
[18] dako mangatandra crest of a sandhill, top of a sandhill
[19] talara mangatandra first rainclouds
[20] punga mangatandra roof of a wurley
[21] nari mangatandra [human] skull
[22] pita mangatandra crown of a tree
[23] narda fruit that [can be] eaten
[24] jika fruit that [can be] eaten
[25] ngunandula bulb of a lily
[26] dirtji tandra grain of drifting sand
[27] ditji tandra star
[28] tula tandra piece of stone chisel
[29] marda mangatandra top of a mountain range, summit of a mountain range
[30] duntji fruit that [can be] eaten
[31] julanti fruit that [can be] eaten
[32] mulu fruit that [can be] eaten
[33] manjura fruit that [can be] eaten
[34] ngarlu fruit that [can be] eaten
[35] wadlanguru fruit that [can be] eaten
[36] kalki fruit that [can be] eaten
[37] ngurawonpa fruit that [can be] eaten
[38] kudnampirra fruit that [can be] eaten
[39] narimai fruit that [can be] eaten
[40] mpiampia fruit that [can be] eaten
[41] nguradikiri fruit that [can be] eaten
[42] pirnapitjiri fruit that [can be] eaten
[43] kingiwa fruit that [can be] eaten
[44] kuluru fruit that [can be] eaten
[45] witata fruit that [can be] eaten
[46] kawalka paua tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[47] milkitjera fruit that [can be] eaten
[48] kalumba fruit that [can be] eaten
[49] tjurlurunga fruit that [can be] eaten
[50] malka fruit that [can be] eaten
[51] mananta fruit that [can be] eaten
[52] palkura fruit that [can be] eaten
[53] ngakarla fruit that [can be] eaten
[54] wajaka fruit that [can be] eaten
[55] mintara fruit that [can be] eaten
[56] pirnalku fruit that [can be] eaten
[57] wau fruit that [can be] eaten
[58] tajamani fruit that [can be] eaten
[59] ngamatanka fruit that [can be] eaten
[60] kuluwa fruit that [can be] eaten
[61] dilla fruit that [can be] eaten
[62] pulburu fruit that [can be] eaten
[63] patara paua tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[64] milti tandra small pieces of unburnt ochre
[65] karku tandra small pieces of red ochre
[66] maru tandra small pieces of black ochre
[67] marukutu tandra small pieces of grey ochre
[68] makuwoda tandra type of potato
[69] winparatji fruit that [can be] eaten
[70] wonamai fruit that [can be] eaten
[71] dirkamai fruit that [can be] eaten
[72] katukatumarka fruit that [can be] eaten
[73] bujuru fruit that [can be] eaten
[74] ngilpa fruit that [can be] eaten
[75] markamarkara fruit that [can be] eaten
[76] winpara fruit that [can be] eaten
[77] miminkila fruit that [can be] eaten
Addition: spelled by Reuther "miminkirla".
[78] pajamoku fruit that [can be] eaten
[79] talpa fruit that [can be] eaten
[80] ngapawiljara fruit that [can be] eaten
[81] ngaljaru fruit that [can be] eaten
[82] ngarumba fruit that [can be] eaten
[83] kujamara fruit that [can be] eaten
[84] burku fruit that [can be] eaten
[85] tarlipundru fruit that [can be] eaten
[86] winkara fruit that [can be] eaten
[87] junganta fruit that [can be] eaten
[88] minjibara fruit that [can be] eaten
[89] wilti fruit that [can be] eaten
[90] kutjarandaru fruit that [can be] eaten
[91] kutu fruit that [can be] eaten
[92] parapaua fruit that [can be] eaten
[93] kadiliriliri fruit that [can be] eaten
[94] mudla fruit that [can be] eaten
[95] mirka tandra ants' eggs
[96] dakamai fruit that [can be] eaten
[97] waiarla fruit that [can be] eaten
[98] dilikawirra fruit that [can be] eaten
[99] jurli fruit that [can be] eaten
[100] multji fruit that [can be] eaten
[101] tuparu fruit that [can be] eaten
[102] ngarangaraua fruit that [can be] eaten
[103] narimalbiri fruit that [can be] eaten
[104] kapukapu fruit that [can be] eaten
[105] ngama tandra female breast
[106] mardaburu tandra hailstone
[107] ngamakatakata tandra type of fruit
[108] parumilki tandra fish's eye
[109] ngurakulkakulka tandra type of fruit
[110] tidnamaraburuna tandra type of fruit
[111] kalku tandra bulrush seed
[112] paldru tandra type of [edible] seed
[113] dikiri tandra type of seed
[114] palkalara tandra type of seed
[115] burlinga terkaji tandra type of seed
[116] mardu tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[117] katatja tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[118] pararka tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[119] jaua wajina tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[120] birlakuru tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[121] kalanka tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[122] punkupunku tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[123] wajikurli tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[124] karingarla tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[125] pau tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[126] kidnitjimpiri tandra fruit that [can be] eaten
[127] wariwari tandra all varieties of seed

Spelling: thandra-lh-rlu

Spelling: thandra-rna

[1] kana nandrana tandrana to knock a man down; to fell a man to the ground
[2] poto tandrana to scatter the articles
[3] turu tandrana to throw down the firewood from one's head
[4] ngapa tandrana to pour in water
[5] mita tandrana to scatter earth around
[6] pungamoku tandrara to collect stakes for wurley [building]
[7] kanta tandrana to collect brushwood
[8] paru tandrana to spread out fish
Context: for drying [in the sun].
[9] kirra tandrana to lay down a boomerang
[10] buka tandrana to pour in food
Context: i.e. [edible] seed [into a seed pit].
[11] nganti tandrana to spread out meat for drying
Context: in the sun.
[12] ngura tandrana to erect a camp, to set up a camp
[13] kumari tandrana to shed blood
[14] ngoku tandrana to vomit
[15] kudna tandrana to sweep out excreta
[16] ngapa tandrana to urinate
[17] kilpa tandrana to bring on cold weather
[18] woldra tandrana to bring on heat
Ethnography: The Southern Gross does this.
[19] buru tandrana to scatter frost
[20] tudna tandrana to tip out gypsum
[21] marda tandrana to collect stones, to bring hither stones
[22] billingama tandrana to weave onto a net
[23] talara tandrana to scatter rain
[24] tandrana najina to focus a lot of attention on someone
[25] muka tandrana to be overtaken by sleep; to be overcome with tiredness
[26] kapi tandrana to lay eggs
[27] winkara tandrana to tip 'winkara' onto one heap
[28] padi tandrana to tip out caterpillars that have been collected
[29] kanja tandrana to cover over with coals
[30] pitjiri tandrana to fill in, tip out, or distribute chewing tobacco
[31] paua tandrana to pour in seed
[32] jinka tandrana to pile up string; to collect more string
[33] milkigildi tandrana to shed tears
[34] tandrana tajina to eat something together with something else
[35] ngaltja tandrana to expectorate; to spit out mucus
[36] mudla gildi tandrana for one's nose to run
Context: when one has the sniffles or a cold in the head.
[37] pada tandrana to lay moist earth on top of a wurley
[38] tandrana tarana to begin to give birth to
Context: of animals.
[39] mardaburu tandrana to pour down hailstones
Context: clouds do this.
[40] tandrana dikana to put (something) down and go back
Grammar: adverb use.
[41] tandrana kurana to let lie; to leave alone
[42] tandrana pararana to lay aside
[43] baka tandrana to leave [its] identity behind
Context: e.g. a bird or an animal its footprints, etc.
[44] ngilba tandrana to lay lice eggs
[45] tandrana jinkina to give (something) and put (it) down
[46] tirlputu tandrana to paste on down-feathers
[47] malka tandrana to paste on, to paint on designs
[48] kajira tandrana to paste on or wrap around a symbol of 'katatara' feathers
[49] miti tandrana to scatter silver-sand on top
[50] witja tandrana to lose a lather of sweat; to perspire
Context: e.g. a dog.
[51] kupa tandrana to be delivered of a child; to give birth to a child
[52] kuparu tandrana to bring forth young ones
[53] jaura tandrana to leave information behind

:

Spelling: None

Context: i.e. seed that readily ejects from pods.

:

Spelling: None

Context: by means of invocatory songs.

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: Derived from tandra fruit.

:

Spelling: thandra-tharri-rna

[1] talara tandraterina for rain to descend
[2] ngapani tandraterina to congregate around water
[3] paja tandraterina for birds to find their way together
[4] warukati tandraterina for emus to congregate
[5] buka tandra tandraterina for seed to eject itself
Context: from out of a pod.

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: compounded of [ tanina] bark (of a tree) and kula[na] to press apart, to widen, signifies 'the one that presses the bark apart'.

Context: Dishes were [customarily] made from the bark of a tree. When these dry out, they [tend to] shrivel together, especially from both sides, lengthwise. The dog referred to sat inside one of these [dishes], and pressed it apart. Hence his name.

:

[1] kana tankana to gather more people together
Context: [in order] to add to one's joy or sorrow.
[2] nganti tankana to add more animals
Context: [to those already caught], [in order] to kill off the lot.
[3] muntja tankana to worsen (intensify) an illness
Context: Coughing does this.
[4] mokula tankana to further bewitch someone
Context: man who has been "sung by a bone".

Ethnography: by burning the magic bone more [and more].
[5] ngapa tankana to increase [supply of] water
Context: e.g. the rain in a lake.
[6] punga tankana to build more wurleys
[7] paua tankana to add more seed
[8] poto tankana to accumulate more possessions
[9] kanta tankana to collect more bushes
[10] tankana punkana to grow a larger supply
Grammar: adverb use.
[11] jaura tankana to add some more remarks ("words")
[12] talarapalku tankana for more rainclouds to accumulate
[13] watara tankana for wind to intensify
[14] ditji tankana to add [a few] more days
[15] pirra tankana to add more moons
Context: to stay [a few months] longer.
[16] jinkina tankana to give still more
[17] tankana tajina to eat still more
[18] tankana ngarana to hear still more
[19] tankana jakalkana to ask still more

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: v and adverb.

Etymology: The upper section of the Diari [tribe], the Jauraworkas and the Jandruwantas say manadunka to smell from the mouth (in the morning). This word has been taken over from the Tirari tribe and bears the form of a transitive verb. The original derivation of the verb is no longer ascertainable.

[1] tankubana wapana to leave in the morning
[2] tankubana ngamana to remain [at home] in the morning
[3] tankubana tikana to return tomorrow
[4] tankubana wokarana to arrive tomorrow
[5] tankubana tajina to eat in the morning
[6] tankubana pirkina to play in the morning
Context: Similarly [in the case of] almost all verbs.

Spelling: None

Context: e.g. a morning bird.

Spelling: None

Context: until the morning.

Spelling: None

Context: i.e. for day to dawn.

:

[1] kapi tapalju hatching egg
Context: in which a chicken has already begun to hatch.
[2] tapalju manina wounded man
Context: term used in reference to a man, who, speared or beaten up, has received many wounds.
[3] jaura tapalju lies that have been spread around
[4] kudna tapalju soft excrement
Context: e.g. during [a bout of] diarrhoea.
[5] paua tapalju slippery seed
Context: while it is being ground.
[6] nganti tapalju tender meat
[7] mita tapaliu slippery ground
[8] buljuru tapalju slippery clay
[9] karku tapalju doughy ochre, pasty ochre
[10] wirlabi tapalju very juicy 'wirlabi'

Spelling: thapa-rna

[1] ngapa tapana to drink water
[2] paua tapana to slurp [or sip] seed-pulp
[3] muntja tapana to suck on a patient
Ethnography: to suck out the rubbish Reuther: "Unrat". at the seat [or source] of trouble. The kunki does this.
[4] mitali ngapa tapana for ground to absorb water
[5] gildi tapana to drink fat
[6] ngama tapana to suck [at] the breast
[7] paja kapi tapana to suck out birds' eggs
[8] durintji tapana to suck the marrow out of a bone
[9] kumari tapana to drink blood; to suck at a wound
Ethnography: When he is first being made a man, the wiljaru opens his mouth widely and drinks the blood [offered to him].
[10] kumari tapana to drink blood
Ethnography: to drink the blood that has been washed off a spear, wherewith a man has been killed. The young men have to do this, in order to become fearless.
[11] danju tapana to drink 'danju' fruit
Context: In this instance one does not [use the term] tajina to eat.
[12] paljangani tapana to chew a type of [tree] gum
[13] kirra tapana to inspect a boomerang
Ethnography: to check time and again during the making, to see if it is straight.
[14] kana tapana to devour people
Ethnography: The pinga does this.
[15]
Ethnography: tapana is used for eating the following fruits: kudnampirra, mpiampia, narimai, ngaliaru and nguratikiri.
[16] mara tapana to lick one's hand
Idiom: to join in eating seed which belongs to someone else.
[17] wona marujeli tapana for an old 'wona' digging stick to absorb water
Ethnography: This is placed in water and enchanted, so that it may absorb the water.
[18] buruna tapana to kneel down to drink
[19] muluru tapana to suck out caterpillars
Ethnography: This is done to some [species]. Thereby they are supposed to get big and fat.
[20] paru tapana to kiss away a fish
Ethnography: If no fish land in the net, a man goes down into the water, whistles into a hollow bone, and sings his mura [song]. The first fish to be caught is [then] licked [while the] man has bread (made of seed) in [his] mouth, Reuther: "wird mit Samenbrot as dem Mund beleckt". and allowed to swim again. This is expected to entice along (as it were) other fish.
[21] tapala tikana to come back to eat seed
[22] kipara tapana to drink one's own urine
Ethnography: when planning to help kill one's friend. Thereby one causes himself to become estranged, and wipes out (as it were) the friendship.
[23] miralu tapana to lick a wooden dish
Ethnography: When a man has no more tobacco, he licks the very same coolamon in which he prepared the last [quantity]. The purpose of this is [to ensure] that some may soon become available again for collecting.

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Etymology: derived from tapa wound, sore and -ni she, denotes 'one that has sores'.

Spelling: None

Context: without giving anything to the other person.

:

[1] watara tapi no wind; [calm]
[2] talara tapi no rain
[3] mirtja tapi no shouting; no wailing
[4] palto tapi empty track
Context: track with no people on it.

:

[1] kana tapibana to hold a man secure
Context: not to let him go any further.
[2] talara tapibana to force rain to stop
Context: by means of an invocatory song.
[3] nandrana tapibana to make someone stop beating (or) killing
[4] jinkina tapibana to give (someone something) to induce (him) to stay
[5] tapibana jatana to encourage (someone) to stay
[6] tidna tapibana to hold on to a man's feet
Context: i.e. not to let him go any further.
[7] mara tapibana to tie a person's hands
[8] poto tapibana to hold on to things
[9] kupa tapibana to restrain a child
[10] palto tapibana to forbid a [certain] track
[11] paru tapibana to stop (check) fish
Context: by means of sorcery.
[12] paja tapibana to keep birds away
Context: by enchanting them.

:

[1] kana tapina for people to stay
Context: no-one leaving.
[2] poto tapina to leave articles
Context: not to forward them on.
[3] ngapa tapina for water to stand still
Context: not to flow any further.
[4] talara tapina for rain to stop
[5] watara tapina for wind to cease
[6] nganti tapina for an animal to stop running
[7] manu tapina to focus one's mind carefully on something
[8] ngara tapina to set one's heart on a thing
[9] ngaltja tapina to reserve one's sputum
Context: i.e. to exhort, encourage no longer.
[10] tidna tapina to stop one's feet
Context: i.e. to go no further.
[11] maua tapina for dry [weather] to come to an end
[12] kaldra tapina for a voice to cease
Context: i.e. to stop calling out.
[13] jindri tapina for crying, wailing to cease
[14] palku tapina to keep one's body in check
Context: e.g. when a man is no longer annoyed.
[15] muka tapina for sleep to come to an end
[16] baka tapina for shuddering (from cold) to come to an end
[17] burka tapina to desist from one's sadness
[18] jaura tapina for a rumour to cease
[19] mudla tapina for one's face to cease
Idiom: not to let oneself be seen any more.
[20] piri tapina for an opening to end
Context: i.e. for a boundary to be closed.
[21] tapila dikana to turn back
[22] nari tapina no longer to stir up dust over a dead man
[23] mana tapina to keep one's mouth shut; to be silent
[24] kinka tapina to stop laughing
[25] buru tapina for frost to disappear
[26] tapina ngamana to sit still
[27] tapina turarana to sleep in peace
[28] tapila wapana to go away for good
Context: to stay.
[29] tapinalalu terkaterkana to end the stopping, to end the sitting still
Context: i.e. to keep on going.
[30] tapilalu tikana to turn back in order to stay
[31] milki tapina to keep one's eyes closed
[32] bakara tapina to end disquietude
Context: i.e. to grow silent.
[33] kunkara tapina for hot wind to stop blowing
[34] ngulku tapina for an accusation to cease
[35] tiri tapina to cease being annoyed
[36] tapina tajina to stop eating
[37] tapina ngamalkana always to keep
[38] munta tapina for oneself to stop
Context: e.g, to give nothing more away.
[39] winta tapina? when will it stop?
[40] wolja tapina to stop soon

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: None

Grammar: plural verb.

Spelling: thara

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana tara man's thigh
[2] kanta tara side branches of a plant
[3] kajiri tara ana-branch of a creek
[4] panto tara bay of a lake
[5] tataru tara streaks of fog; misty clouds
[6] watara tara wild currents
[7] dako tara subsidiary branch of a sandhill

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: In Wonkanguru it is pitaru. The latter word has now passed into current usage here. cf. pitaru

:

[1] kana tarakana for people to swim
[2] paja tarakana for birds to swim
[3] kindala tarakana for a dog to swim
[4] paru tarakana for fish to swim
[5] pita tarakana for a bush to float
Context: literally, 'to swim' [on water].
[6] ngarlungaltja tarakana for foam to float, for froth to float
Context: literally, 'to swim' [on water].
[7] womawoma tarakana for debris to float
Context: for debris and chips of wood to float together [on top of water].

:

Spelling: thaRa-lha-rlu

:

Spelling: thaRa-lka-Rna

Spelling: thaRa-lka-rna-yitya

Spelling: thaRa-lka-iyirpa-rna

Spelling: tharalku

Grammar: feminine gender.

Ethnography: If anyone is secretly carrying a magic bone, this bird sings out and thereby becomes a betrayer [of the fact].

Addition: Gason (1874: 287) "tharalkoo 'teal (water fowl)'".

:

[1] paja tarana for birds to ascend, to fly up
[2] pita tarana for a tree to grow high
[3] talara tarana for rain [clouds] to ascend
[4] pirra tarana for the moon to rise
[5] ditji tarana for the sun to ascend higher
Context: after it has already risen.
[6] Kalkuwulana tarana for the two stars 'Kalkuwulana' to ascend into the sky
[7] ngara tarana for one's heart to rise
Idiom: to heave a sigh.
[8] ngoku tarana to vomit; to retch
[9] dakuni tarana to climb a sandhill
[10] daku tarana for a sendhill to grow [bigger, higher]
[11] piti tarana to keep talking continuously
Context: without listening to others.
[12] kajirani tarana to walk upstream along a creek
[13] pitani tarana to ascend a tree, to climb a tree
[14] mardani tarana to climb a mountain range, to ascend a mountain range
[15] turutupu tarana for smoke to ascend
[16] ngapatjilindru tarana to climb up out of a [soakage-]well
[17] pungandru tarana to crawl out of a wurley
[18] jiritjina tarana to rise; to sit upright
[19] ngamana tarana to set up
[20] palkana tarana to go upwards, to go upstream
[21] mungara tarana for one's soul to ascend upwards
[22] ngapala tarana for one who has been in water to climb onto the bank
[23] wonkaia tarana to [come up] out of a creek and go into the sandhills
[24] ngapa tarana for water to rise
[25] kumari tarana for blood to rise
Context: in one's head during a headache.
[26] kima tarena for a swelling to rise
Context: to get worse
[27] mandra tarana for one's stomach to swell up
[28] kinka tarana for laughter to grow louder and louder
[29] tipa matana tarana to bite into the 'tipa' and thus enter camp
[30] palto tarana for a track to extend uphill
[31] panto tarana for a lake to rise
[32] pinga tarana for a troop of blood-avengers to turn up
Context: or suddenly arrive on the scene.
[33] ngarana tarana to listen in an upward direction
[34] manu kurana terana to get the idea to climb up somewhere
[35] palku tarana for one's body to fill out
[36] malka tarana to paint designs on a body in more striking colours
[37] karalja tarana for light clouds to ascend
[38] ngaltla tarana for phlegm (mucus) to rise
Context: during coughing.
[39] ngalpuru tarana for darkness to descend
Grammar: in Diyari darkness goes up (ascends).
[40] ngura tarana for camp to rise
Context: for camp to get light, when the pink flush of dawn breaks.
[41] wima mudana tarana to get ready [to go up] for a last ceremonial song
[42] jaura tarana for words to arise
Context: for news to arrive, turn up.
[43] kupa tarana for a child to grow bigger and taller
[44] munani tarana to turn up for a ceremonial meal
[45] punkana tarana to grow up high
[46] tikana terana to make preparations to go back
[47] waltana tarana to carry uphill
[48] parumana tarana to pull up; to pull out
[49] tjirina tarana for a lake to be full
Context: and the water running out again.
[50] paru tarana for fish to snap their jaws
Context: [above the water].
[51] nganti tarana for animals to waken from their winter's sleep
[52] patijiritjina tarana for everything to run helter-skelter in excitement
Context: e.g. on probing around inside an ants' nest.
[53] tiri tarana to arrive in a bad mood
[54] ngaka tarana to run out; to run over
[55] nganjinkura tarana to have sneezes or hiccoughs
[56] duntji tarana to have sneezes
[57] woldra tarana for summer to begin; for hot weather to intensify
[58] kilpa tarana for winter to begin; for cold weather to intensify
[59] munawaliri tarana to ascend towards the horizon
[60] muke tarana for sleep to set in
[61] mani tarana for fat or flesh to stand out
Context: from a [deep] gash in the body.
[62] nilanila tarana for a mirage to ascend
[63] ngamakaldri tarana for gall to rise
Idiom: to suffer heart-burn.
[64] waru terkana tarana to acquire dropsy
[65] juri tarana for arteries to swell up
[66] ngama tarana for breasts to develop and swell
Context: on young girls.
[67] watara tarana for wind to come up
[68] kalinguru tarana for hot wind to come up
[69] padina tarana to arrive without having eaten
[70] kurana tarana to pick up; to lift on to one's head
[71] manina tarana to bring or carry uphill
[72] manani widmana tarana to pick up and put into one's mouth

Spelling: thaRa-rna-lha-rlu

[1] punga toku taranalalu outside on top of the wurley; up on top of the wurley
[2] panto taranalalu outer edge of a lake, bank of a lake
[3] dako taranalalu up on top of a sandhill
[4] pita taranalalu up in a tree
[5] mardani taranalalu up on top of a range
[6] ngapa taranalalu water up above, rain
[7] wonka taranalalu optical horizon
Context: as far as the eye can see.
[8] mita taranalalu more elevated country
[9] kajiri taranalalu upstream; up a creek
[10] ditji taranalalu sun up above, sun overhead
[11] pirra taranalalu moon overhead
[12] ditji tandra taranalalu stars overhead
[13] pariwilpa taranalalu sky above
[14] miri taranalalu high up above; high overhead
[15] paja taranalalu birds above, birds overhead

Spelling: thaRa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: a Wonkanguru word, derived from tara upper part of thigh and nguna arm; bough, and means 'branches at thigh [level]'. This plant throws out branches immediately from the bottom.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: derived from tara (tarana) to ascend; to fly and paua seed, means 'the seed flies upwards'. Since this seed is very light [in weight], the wind [readily] blows it away.

Spelling: thara-Ri-rna

:

[1] paua tarauana to clean seed
[2] jaua tarauana to peel small [native] onions
[3] mita tarauana to sweep the ground
Context: the wind does this.
[4] kirra tarauana to throw boomerangs to and fro
[5] jaura tarauana to broadcast news this way and that
[6] poto tarauana to give articles away here, there and everywhere
[7] kakatji tarauana to pick grubs out of the ground

Spelling: None

Mythology: Wadlanguruni cleaned her seed.

:

Spelling: None

Context: These are the women.

:

[1] punga tarbanaterina to clean out a wurley
[2] kana tarbanaterina to drive people away
[3] paja tarbanaterina to chase birds away
Context: from something.
[4] nganti tarbanaterina to take out meat
Context: from the coals.

:

[1] poto taribana to disperse articles
Context: to give them away here, there and everywhere.
[2] talara taribana to dispel rain
[3] turu taribana to clear away fire coals
[4] kunti taribana to chase away mosquitoes
[5] tataru taribana to dispel fog
[6] mandra taribana to send away messengers
Context: bidding them to hurry.
[7] dunka taribana to drive away stench
[8] punga taribana to tear down a wurley
[9] paua taribana to clean seed
[10] ngapa taribana to dry out water
Context: Hot wind does this.
[11] mara taribana to withdraw one's hand
Context: when someone wants to grasp it.
[12] paru taribana to disperse fish
Context: by means of a ceremonial song.
[13] watarali taribana for wind to blow away
Context: e.g. dry grass.
[14] mita taribana to sweep the ground
[15] milkimilki taribana to hurry away spies
[16] talarapalku taribana to disperse rain clouds
[17] nari taribana to banish [all] thoughts of the dead
[18] jaura taribana hurriedly to send away word
[19] punu taribana to clear dirt out of a [soakage] well
[20] pinta taribana to break up a marriage, to destroy a marriage
[21] pita-pinta taribana to scatter wood-chips

Spelling: None

Mythology: Darana scattered the wings of a female caterpillar in all directions.

Spelling: tharli

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana tarli man's tongue
[2] kindala tarli dog's tongue
[3] wona tarli wide, sharp [edge] of a digging-stick
[4] kirra tarli both ends of a boomerang
[5] kalara tarli cutting edge of a stone-axe
[6] tula tarli cutting edge of a stone chisel
[7] tarli pilki different tongue, language
[8] tarli kamaneli one's own language
[9] tarli tula strange language
[10] tarli karpakarpa unintelligible language
[11] tarli madlentji bad speech [or remark]
[12] tarli ngapaljerra comic language, amusing language, amusing tongue
[13] tarli ngurunguru loud tongue
[14] tarli manka emphatic speech, vigorous speech
[15] kana tarli peoples' tongue
Idiom: call to other people
[16] mita tarli earth's tongue
Idiom: loud rumbling [noise] of the earth, when a piece [breaks off and] rolls down below.
[17] talara tarli thunder on the horizon
Context: when rain is on the way.
[18] turu tarli tongue of fire
[19] marda tarli stone tongue
Idiom: sound of grinding seed.
[20] ditji tarli definitely announced day
[21] tarli nunkani his voice
[22] tarli ngumu fine language; good voice, good speech
[23] tarli wilparina for one's tongue to loosen up
Context: i.e. when a person who was silent now speaks.
[24] tarlieli nandrana to kill with the tongue
Context: to put to silence.
[25] tarlieli tapana to drink with the tongue, to lick
[26] tarli puduku discreet tongue
Context: i.e. when something is discussed in secret [or private].
[27] tarli marra new tongue, speech, [piece of] information
[28] tarli palaru nganana to agree in a conversation
[29] tarlieli karakarana to tie (wrap) up with the tongue or speech
Idiom: to beg, hard press a person to do something.
[30] tarlieli dakana verbally to prod
[31] tarli marra ngankana to make a new language
Context: when a child begins to speak.
[32] tarli manju friendly speech [or remark]
[33] mita tarli wirina [for there to be] an earth tremor, an earthquake
[34] tarli ngunku unanimous discussion
[35] tarli piltjaru many-sided discussion [or conversation]
[36] tarli pundu unreserved conversation
[37] tarli pani no voice; no discussion
Context: when one has not been called or invited.
[38] tarli worku to send word roundabout
[39] tarli ngandrana stuttering tongue
[40] tarli mandru deceitful talk, duplex talk, insincere talk
[41] tarli tintana to forget a language
[42] tarli jelbi tip of the tongue
[43] tarli woda root of the tongue
[44] tarli wunpuru broad cutting-edge
[45] tarli mardarina for one's tongue to become [as hard as] stone
Idiom: when there is no meat to be had.
[46] tarli waltowalto weak tongue
Idiom: in the case of a sick man.
[47] tarli pirna big tongue
Idiom: i.e. a braggart; big talker; [windbag].
[48] tarli dukaraterina for one's tongue to tear itself out
Idiom: i.e. continually to bawl during a ceremonial song.

Spelling: tharli-Ri-ipa-lha-rlu

Spelling: tharli-Ri-ipa-rna

Mythology: Dimpiwalakana first cut his mouth open, and then scratched his tongue loose with his fingernails. [Only] in this way could he talk properly. His first word was tiru, which he applied each time or as often as he fashioned a new member on his body.

[1] kupa tarliribana to teach a child to speak
[2] kirra tarliribana to flatten a boomerang
Ethnography: by tapering (sharpening) it at both ends.
[3] kalara tarliribana to sharpen a stone-axe
[4] kana tarliribana to mention a man by name; to determine [which] man
[5] mita tarliribana to give a place a name
[6] kupa tarliribana to give a child a name; to name a child
[7] pita tarliribana to give a tree a name
Context: after a [certain] muramura.
[8] mardawonpa tarliribana to name a range
[9] muramurali mita tala tarliribana for [primeval] ancestors to have given the [various] places their names
[10] pitjila

Spelling: tharli-Ri-rna

[1] kupa tarlirina for a child to learn to speak
[2] kana tarlirina to become a conversation more and more
Context: i.e. to keep on calling out.
[3] murani tarlirina to know how to relate a legend better [each] time
[4] mita tala tarlirina to mention a placename
[5] poto tarlirina to mention the name of a thing

Spelling: tharli-Ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: darpi-yingki-rna

Spelling: darpi-lha-rlu

Spelling: darpi-rna

Context: in order to turn back.

[1] Example:

ngani tarpiji
I am stopping to turn back
[2] nganti tarpina for an animal to stop
Context: in order to turn back.
[3] tarpina tikana to stop and go back
Grammar: adverb use.
[4] tarpina tatana to break away from a group and go back
Grammar: adverb use.
[5] tarpila wapana to go in order to come back again
[6] tarpina karitjina to stop and turn in another direction

Spelling: darpi-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: darpi-rna-yitya

Spelling: None

Mythology: Malkamarukutuna turned back when he was halfway on his journey to collect ochre.

Spelling: thaRu

Grammar: masculine gender.

Ethnography: on the part of both husband and wife.

Etymology: This word, derived from tarli Reuther: "tali". However, see No. 3104 for correct spelling. tongue; language and nguru strong, means: 'strong language, speech', in other words, what he [the father-in-law] says, goes.

Spelling: None

Context: in order to be able to peer into an animal's burrow.

:

[1] kana tatabana to send people away
[2] pita tatabana to bend aside a tree, a bush
[3] poto tatabana to induce (someone) to send the things away
[4] manu tatabana wapana to incite [someone's] feelings to go

:

[1] kirrani tatakana to avoid a boomerang
[2] tjutjuni tatakana to jump aside from a snake
[3] kana tatakena to turn a person away; to refuse, reject a person
[4] turuni tatakana to jump aside from the [hot] coals

:

[1] kana tatana to push people away
Context: encouraging them to leave.
[2] pare tatana to wind one's hair around, so that it stands up
[3] paru tatana to drive along the fish
[4] poto karli tatana to accept things as un-pleasant
[5] karu tatana to snare
[6] kuri tatana to hang a 'kuri' (mussel-shell) around a young man and send him away
[7] jaura tatana to dispatch the news
[8] nari tatana to carry away a dead man
[9] jinpana tatana to urge to hurry away
[10] patana tatana not to let go; to encourage to stay
[11] jatana tatana to urge (someone) to talk
[12] jinkina tatana to urge to give
[13] manina tatana to take back
[14] turalkana tatana to coax (someone) to sleep with him
[15] kokana tatana to encourage to praise
[16] tapana tatana to encourage to slurp seed[-pulp]
[17] ngamana tatana to encourage to stay [in camp]
[18] ngara tatana to incite the heart to beat faster, when the pulse of a dying man is [already] racing
[19] dilpana tatana to urge to annoy, tease (someone)
[20] turarana tatana to encourage someone to sleep, lie dawn
[21] kurana tatana to stop for a while, hence to urge [to keep going]
[22] danina tatana to urge someone to take leave
[23] kamana tatana to make quick preparations after they are gone to eat in secret

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

:

[1] kana tataura fearless person
[2] mana tataura free mouth
[3] mara tataura free hand
Context: that takes along anything without asking.
[4] manu tataura uninhibited nature
Context: [in the case of one] who does what he thinks.
[5] tiri tataura straightout wild, striking fearlessly at random
[6] piti tataura to show the point [of one's spear]
Context: i.e. to speak up against one who is stronger.
[7] pantja tataura straight legs
Context: i.e. to go straight to the spot.
[8] watara tataura wind that approaches in full force
[9] talara tataura rain that approaches in full force
[10] tataura tajina to keep on eating regardless of others
[11] tataurali tajina to grab and eat
Context: without being asked.
[12] tataura kinkana to laugh regardless of others
Context: whether they are asleep or not.

Grammar: adverb use.
[13] tataura wirarina to wander about free and easy, to go about unmolested, to go about unabashed

:

[1] ngura tatjana to scoop out a [hollow] spot where one plans to sleep
[2] minka tatjana to dig out a hole; to dig up a burrow
[3] kutu tatjana to dig out a seed-cache (or) pit
[4] ngapatjili tatjana to dig out a [soakage-]well
[5] punga kutu tatjana to scoop out a hollow spot for a wurley
[6] nariminkajiri tatjana to dig a grave
[7] worduru tatjana to dig up 'worduru' roots
[8] tudna tatjana to dig up [or mine] gypsum
[9] kapitali tatjana for 'kapita' to dig up
[10] jaua tatjana to dig up small onion [bulbs]

:

Spelling: thawurla

Grammar: feminine gender.

Ethnography: It is an indicator of water. Wherever the call of this bird is heard, there must be water nearby, because it always stays in the vicinity of water.

:

[1] tidna tauru without footprints
[2] ngura tauru empty camp ("place")
[3] palto tauru empty track
[4] minka tauru empty burrow
[5] punga tauru empty hut
[6] koko tauru empty tree, hollow tree
[7] mana tauru empty mouth
Context: i.e. nothing to eat.
[8] mara tauru empty hand
Context: i.e. nothing in it.
[9] mirtja tauru without shouting [or wailing]
[10] pulpa tauru only footprints
[11] panto tauru empty lake
[12] manu tauru empty disposition, desirous of nothing
[13] kanta tauru no grass; no small bushes
[14] pirra tauru empty coolamon
[15] talara tauru without rain
[16] watara tauru without wind
[17] mandikilla tauru without waves

:

[1] pingani tauru nganana to be quiet, to observe silence in the face of a vendetta
[2] kutjini tauru nganana to be silent in the presence of the devil
[3] pildripildrini tauru nganana to be quiet on account of the thunder
[4] mitatalini tauru nganana to be quiet on account of a landslide
[5] kana narini tauru nganana to remain silent because of a dead man
[6] kana muntjani tauru nganana to keep quiet because of a sick man
[7] kunjakunja nandranani tauru nganana to remain silent because of [the banging of] the inquest sticks
[8] ngaruparanali tauru nganana to remain silent in astonishment

:

[1] kupa taururibana to pacify a child
[2] kana taururibana to silence the people
[3] pildripildrieli taururibana to silence thunder
Context: by means of an invocatory song/
[4] watara taururibana to calm down the wind (by means of an invocatory song)
[5] talara taururibana to stop the rain
Context: by means of an invocatory song.
[6] taururibana karkarkana to entice everybody away
Context: so that there is silence.
[7] paru taururibana to pacify fish, to quieten fish
Context: by means of an invocatory song, so that they are easy to catch.
[8] talarali watara taururibana for rain to calm the wind
[9] taururibana kurana to hide something
[10] jaura taururibana to stifle, to suppress words
[11] muluru taururibana to get rid of (empty) caterpillars
Context: by catching the lot.
[12] tidna taururibana to stop (silence) footprints
Context: to kill all the animals, so that there are no more footprints left.

:

[1] kana taururina for people to grow, become silent
[2] japali taururina to grow silent out of fear
[3] kutjini taruurina to become silent in the presence of the devil
[4] pingani taururina to become silent in the presence of blood-avengers
[5] jaurani taururina to grow silent at the news; to quieten down at the words of the [tribal] instructors
[6] kupa taururina for a child to become quiet
[7] watara taururina for wind to calm down
[8] talara taururina for rain to abate
[9] jindri taururina for wailing to subside
[10] mita taururina for land to become empty
Context: of people.
[11] pariwilpa taururina for the sky to become empty
Context: clear (of clouds).

:

Spelling: None

Mythology: When Darana commanded the wind, it grew calm.

:

Spelling: thipi

[1] kana tepi healthy man; wide awake man
[2] paja tepi lively bird
[3] nganti tepi healthy animal, lively animal
Context: [with] fatty meat.
[4] pita tepi healthy (green) tree
[5] turu tepi brightly-blazing fire
[6] mita tepi prosperous (healthy) or populous country
Context: where a lot of game is to be had.
[7] kanta tepi fresh grass
[8] buka tepi healthy food
[9] paru tepi fish that is still alive
[10] pirra tepi unbroken coolamon
[11] milki tepi healthy, far-seeing eye
[12] ngara tepi sound heart
[13] palku tepi healthy body
[14] diltja tepi sound legs, fast-moving legs
[15] tidna tepi healthy feet
[16] mara tepi healthy hands
[17] mangatandra tepi clear head
[18] mukatepi awake
[19] poto tepi new things
[20] jama tepi untorn fishing-net
[21] ngapa tepi pure (healthy) water
[22] kapi tepi good (healthy) egg
[23] tandra tepi fresh fruit
[24] paua tepi good (healthy) seed
[25] makapari tepi clean seed
[26] punga tepi rain-proof wurley
[27] marda tepi sound, whole millstone
[28] mudla tepi full face
[29] manatandra tepi healthy teeth
[30] mandra tepi healthy stomach
[31] jerkala tepi healthy neck
Context: not rough.
[32] nguna tepi strong arm
[33] kangu tepi perspirationless
Context: when a person does not perspire very much.
[34] billi tepi untorn dilly-bag
[35] mana tepi healthy mouth
Context: when one has sufficient chewing-tobacco.
[36] junga tepi unpunctured waterbag
[37] jinka tepi new string
[38] kalara tepi unbroken stone-axe
[39] manu tepi good mood; good-natured
[40] tjuru tepi healthy mind
[41] talpa tepi sound, hearing ear
[42] kupa tepi lively child
[43] Example:

ngani tepi
I am alive
[44] Example:

tepi nauja
he is alive

Spelling: thipi nganka-rna

[1] kunkieli tepi ngankana for a Aboriginal doctor to restore (someone) to health
[2] widlali tepi ngankana for women to restore [sick men] to health
Context: when they fetch magic bones.
[3] pirramara tepi ngankana to restore a shield
Context: by smearing cracks with resin.
[4] muntjujeli tepi ngankana to be agitated by flies, to be woken up by flies
[5] mirtjali tepi ngankana to be awakened by shouting
[6] kudnakudirkali tepi ngankana to be restored to health by 'kudnakudirka' medicinal plants
[7] wajikurli

Spelling: thipi-yitya

Spelling: thipi-lha

Spelling: thipi-lha-rlu

Spelling: thipi-ri-rna

[1] ngapali tepirina to feel refreshed by water
[2] bukali tepirina to feel refreshed by food
[3] turuieli tepirina to be cheered by a fire
[4] pungalali tepirina to feel refreshed in the shade
[5] pungali tepirina to feel warmed by a wurley
[6] ditjieli tepirina to feel cheered (refreshed) by the sun
Context: after frost.
[7] pitjirali tepirina to feel revived (strengthened) by tobacco
[8] kumali tepirina to feel freshly animated by news
[9] pingani tepirina out of fear of the vendetta to be alert and [very much] alive
[10] ngarimatali tepirina to feel cheered (enlivened) by a flood
[11] talarali tepirina to be invigorated by rain
[12] potujeli tepirina to feel pleased about possessions
[13] mankarani tepirina to feel animated by girls
[14] pita tepirina talarali for a bush to be refreshed
Context: green as a result of the rain.
[15] warukati tepirina for emus to become frantic (agile)
Context: when a dog is after them.
[16] wonku tepirina for a 'wonku' snake to wake up
Context: from its winter sleep.
[17] mita tepirina for earth to come alive
Context: to turn green.
[18] kana tepirina for a person to wake up
[19] muntja tepirina for a sick man to get better
[20] nari tepirina for a dead man to come alive
Context: when his spirit leaves the grave.
[21] ngaltja tepirina for one's saliva to become active
Idiom: when a man escapes who someone wanted to kill.
[22] dako tepirina for a sandhill to become alive
Context: to become full of animals.
[23] ngura tepirina for a camp to come alive
Context: with people, in the morning.
[24] murala tepirina for performers of a sacred ceremony to come alive
Context: to convalesce and feel [newly] invigorated, after having been punished by the deity with sickness, e.g. with a [severe] cold in the head.

Spelling: thipi-ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thipi-thipi

Mythology: Mandramankana was killed, but he came alive again.

Spelling: tharkaka-rna

[1] kana terkakana for a person to stand up
[2] karkanani terkakana to stand up to call out
[3] tiri terkakana to incite to anger; to enrage
[4] terkakana tarana to jump up

Spelling: tharka-lha-rlu

Spelling: tharka-lka-rna

[1] kamaneli terkalkana to protect one's friend
[2] nari terkalkana to spare an intended victim
Context: not to kill a person who one intended to kill, but somebody else in his stead.
[3] poto terkalkana to offer gifts
[4] muntja terkalkana to raise up a sick man

Spelling: tharka-rna

[1] kana terkana for people to stand
[2] pita terkana for trees to stand
[3] paja terkana for birds to stand
[4] nganti terkana for animals to stand
[5] watara wondru terkana for a whirlwind to stand
Context: to appear stationary.
[6] ngapakura terkana for a narrow strip of rain [or local shower] to stand
Context: to appear stationary. It is a common sight to see a local shower of rain falling from a high, black cloud at some distance away. It does look stationery, even as if it were hanging or suspended in mid-air.
[7] kurikirra terkana for a rainbow to stand
Context: in the sky.
[8] nilanila terkana for a mirage to stand
Context: to shimmer.
[9] diltjadiltja terkana for the sun's rays to stand
Context: to streak down.
[10] terkana tarana to ascend; to climb up
[11] ditji terkana for the sun to stand
Context: in the sky.
[12] pirra terkana for the moon to stand
Context: in the sky.
[13] dalpura terkana for a calm to stand
Context: to prevail.
[14] woldra terkana for hot weather to stand
Context: to prevail.
[15] manu terkana for one's temperament to [take a] stand
Idiom: to maintain something, to insist on something.
[16] mara terkana for one's hand to stand
Idiom: to hold one's hand up.
[17] mana terkana for one's mouth to stand
Idiom: to yawn; to gape [open]-mouthed.
[18] piti terkana for one's anus to stand
Idiom: to be undecided.
[19] milki terkana for one's eye to stand
Idiom: to watch for; to be on the lookout for.
[20] mudla terkana for one's nose to stand
Idiom: to peep, showing one's face.
[21] talpa terkana for one's ears to stand up
Idiom: to prick up one's ears; to listen very intently.
[22] kalka terkana for the red flush of evening to stand
Idiom: for evening to appear.
[23] tidna terkana for one's feet to stand
Idiom: to be motionless.
[24] marda terkana for mountains to stand
[25] nguna terkana for one's arm to stand
Idiom: to lift up one's arm.
[26] tepi terkana for life to stand
Idiom: to be healthy.
[27] palto terkana for a track to stand
Idiom: to be motionless, to be continually waiting for someone.
[28] tjuru terkana for one's mind to stand
Idiom: to be always thinking of one and the same thing.
[29] pantja terkana for knees to stand
Idiom: to lift one's knees up high.
[30] pantja terkana ngarina to stand knees down
Idiom: to kneel down.
[31] tinti[piti] terkana for one's elbow to stand
Idiom: to prop oneself on one's elbows.
[32] mandra terkana for a stomach to stand
Idiom: to be full.
[33] njurdu terkana for one's hair to stand
Idiom: to stand on end, [e.g.] at the sight of a spirit.
[34] kuri terkana to stand secretly, to steal
[35] turukudna terkana for a pillar of smoke to stand up, for [a column of] smoke to ascend straight upwards
[36] mangatandra terkana for one's head to stand
Idiom: to hoid (stretch) one's head high.
[37] jerkala terkana for one's neck to stand
Idiom: to stretch one's neck, to crane one's neck.
[38] wora terkana to stand side-on, to stand sideways
[39] ngundi terkana XXXX to stand
Idiom: to insist on one's plan.

Addition: The word "ngundi" does not appear in any other entry and so it cannot be translated here.
[40] ngapatjelpa terkana for raindrops to stand
Context: when raindops fall into water and some of the water springs up, for raindrops to bounce up.
[41] [talara] kidni terkana for lightning to stand
Context: for lightning to streak straight downwards.
[42] ngama terkana for breasts to stand
Context: e.g. in the case of young unmarried women.
[43] ngama terkana for fruit-pods to stand
Context: when they are green and full [of seed].
[44] nirpi terkana for XXXX to stand
Idiom: to move aside.

Addition: the term "nirpi" is not found in other entries and cannot be separately translated.
[45] punga terkana for a wurley to stand
[46] wona terkana for a digging stick to stand
Idiom: to stand still and inhale where the smell is coming from.
[47] wonpa terkana for a heap to stand
Idiom: to wait and keep a watch out [for somebody].
[48] kukati terkana to lay on one's back
[49] tjilpi terkana to stand in the way
Idiom: to take up one's stand in front of someone and not allow him to be killed.
[50] warru terkana to have blown-up cheeks
Addition: The form "warru" is not found in other entries and cannot be translated here.
[51] baluru terkana to stand by without interfering
[52] wiluru manina terkana for stone plovers to stand
Context: to crane their necks and look about [warily].
[53] baku terkana to stand by and do nothing
[54] jama terkana for a net to stand in water
[55] kata terkana to stand up while beating time
[56] junka terkana to stand annoyed
[57] turu terkana to stand on hands and feet, to stand in a stooped position
[58] kaldri terkana to stand in a bent position
[59] tidnapiri terkana to stand on one's toes
Idiom: to consider oneself important.
[60] woda terkana for headdress to stand
Idiom: for emus to listen very intently.
[61] kura terkana to stand unrecognisable
[62] bulkari terkana to inflate oneself, to have a high opinion of oneself
Addition: This is an idiom but the term "bulkari" is not found elsewhere in the dictionary.
[63] tjiriri terkana for inflammation to be at its worst
Addition: This is an idiom but the term "tjiriri" is not found elsewhere in the dictionary.
[64] danku terkana to say: "slowly!" whilst walking along
[65] pilpa terkana to lift up one's forehead
[66] kunki terkana to stand as an Aboriginal doctor
[67] wonki terkana to remain standing on one spot
[68] toda terkana to halt at midday
[69] mimi terkana for lips to stand
Idiom: to make grimaces [or funny faces].
[70] ngunku terkana to stand together
[71] ngulku terkana to accuse; to inform against
[72] piltjaru terkana to stand around in scattered array
[73] malka terkana to stand with designs painted
Context: on one's body.
[74] kulno terkana to stand alone
[75] noani terkana to stand up for one's wife or husband
[76] ngampumarra terkana for childhood friends to be together
[77] balu terkana to stand naked
[78] nguru terkana to stand firm
[79] kaukau terkana to stand begging
[80] kanku terkana to stand as a boy
Context: to still be a boy.
[81] katu terkana for a windbreak to stand
Idiom: to stand in a circle.
[82] mari terkana to stand defenceless
Context: without weapons.
[83] ngamuru terkana to stand as an orphan
Idiom: to be orphaned.
[84] wolkareli terkana to stand with sadness
Idiom: to wait with ardent, wistful longing.
[85] kapara terkana for tree-roots to stand exposed (washed-out)
[86] tataura terkana to stand fearlessly
[87] terti terkana to stand in the middle
[88] wirdi terkana to stand and keep under surveillance
[89] buru terkana for a corner to stand
Idiom: to take up a secret stand.
[90] kuma terkana for a clump of trees to stand side-by-side
[91] wadli terkana to make peace
[92] kunditji terkana for it to be constantly raining
Context: for there to be a gentle downpour.
[93] nari terkana for death to stand
Idiom: to act as a dead man's substitute; to stand security for a dead man.
[94] marawutju terkana for an index finger to stand
Idiom: to lift one's finger.

Spelling: tharka-rna-yitya

Spelling: tharka-tharka-rna

Grammar: plural.

Spelling: tharka-ipa-rna

[1] jama terkibana to stand a fishing net in the water, to set up a fishing net
[2] pita terkibana to erect a piece of timber
[3] punga terkibana to erect a wurley
[4] marda terkibana to set up a millstone
[5] ngapa terkibana to put down water
[6] terkibana tarana to set something upright
Grammar: adverb use.

Spelling: tharka-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thardi

Grammar: also tertieli

[1] Example:

ngani tertieli
I am thirsty
[2] Example:

kindala tertieli
the dog is thirsty
[3] Example:

paia tertieli
the bird is thirsty
[4] terti parana thirstily to take a rest
[5] terti wapana thirstily to go along
[6] tertieli palina to die of thirst
[7] terti wirarina to wander about thirstily

Spelling: thati

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] turuni terti in the middle of two fires
[2] mardani terti in the middle of two ranges
[3] dakuni terti in the middle of sandhills
[4] paltuni terti in the middle of a track
[5] pungani terti in the middle of a wurley
[6] pantuni terti in the middle of a lake
[7] kajirani terti in the middle of a creek
[8] maruni terti in the middle of a plain
[9] ngurani terti in the middle of a camp
[10] miljarani terti in the middle of the night
[11] woldrani terti in mid-summer
[12] kilpani terti in mid-winter
[13] muntjani terti in the midst of the sick
[14] kokunu terti in the centre of a hollow tree
[15] paratarani terti in the middle of a hard-[surfaced] flat
[16] ngapani terti in the middle of water
[17] ditjini terti middle of the day
[18] Kunarani terti in the centre of Cooper's Creek
[19] Wonkani terti in the centre of Salt Creek
[20] terti ngamana to sit in the middle
[21] terti terkana to stand in the centre
[22] terti ngara ngamana to rest half way
Context: in the middle.
[23] terti buka tajina to eat half way
Context: along a track.
[24] terti tarpina to turn back half way
Context: in the middle [of a track]).
[25] terti tintana to lose half way
[26] terti bakuna to dig in the centre
[27] terti buruna to collapse in the middle
[28] terti parana to stay in the middle
[29] terti palkana to travel in the centre

Spelling: thati-yitya

Spelling: thardi-yitya

Spelling: thati-lha

Spelling: thati-lha-rlu

Spelling: thati-Ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: thardi-Ri-ipa-rna

Context: i.e. not to let [come] to water.

Spelling: thardi-Ri-lha-rlu

Spelling: thardi-Ri-rna

Spelling: thati-Ri-rna

Spelling: thardi-Ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thati-Ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thardi-thardi

Grammar: plural.

Mythology: When the waterbags of Nurawordupununa were empty, he became thirsty.

Spelling: thati-thati

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] wiritida depression in a sandhill
[2] ngapatida narrow strait of water
[3] pantutida narrow part [or neck] of a lake
[4] mitatida nearest distance from one camp to another
[5] mardatida recess in a range
[6] mudlatida nasal septum; space between two graves
[7] pita tida incision, notch in a piece of wood
[8] kapa tida narrowest circumference of the waist
Context: where a belt [is tied].
[9] jerkala tida recess of the neck
Context: taking head and shoulders into consideration.
[10] jaura tida [deep] verbal incision
Idiom: when only words are needed to start a fight.
[11] manu tida frayed feelings
Context: i.e. when one is near to giving vent to one's feelings.
[12] ngara tida stricture of the heart
Context: i.e. when a man is near to dying.
[13] jinka tida thin [hair] string
[14] tidna tida hollow of the foot
[15] watara tida interval between two gusts of wind
[16] tataru tida clearer patches
Context: when fog is dispersing.
[17] maru tida narrowing of a plain
[18] mara tida narrowest part of the finger
[19] kupurampu tida narrowest part of the wrist
[20] tintipiti tida narrowest part of the elbow
[21] kajiri tida narrow [section] of a creek
[22] miljaru tida shortest nights
[23] turu tida half-burnt-through or narrowest part of a piece of wood
[24] ngama tida space between two female breasts
[25] marka tida space between two groups of people standing adjacent to each other

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: masucline gender plural.

Spelling: thidna

Alternative: thina

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: The tracks (footprints) of the following animals, birds and insects [can] be recognised in sand.

Addition: Reuther does not indicate which species is intended. Note that for some of these Reuther does not give a separate entry in the Dictionary -- see the Dictionary Entries Supplement for these items.

[1] kana tidna people's footprints
[2] kindala None
[4] warukati None
[5] woma None
[6] muramura [primeval] ancestors
[7] kapita None
[8] kapiri None
[9] kadni None
[10] kauri None
[11] tidnamara None
[12] mardakura None
[13] tjukuru None
[14] kantu None
[15] karawora None
[16] kawalka None
[17] kirki None
[18] buralku None
[19] kaminka None
[20] putatja None
[21] pildra None
[22] jikaura None
[23] watari None
[24] nili None
[25] milkiparalja None
[26] ****a None
[27] ngurani None
[28] kantjantara None
[29] karlatiri None
[30] kuri None
[31] ***** None
[32] pindri None
[33] padlaparu None
[34] tjutatjuta None
[36] womparkura None
[37] pataramuru None
[38] kalta None
[39] jidna None
[40] katiwaru None
[41] murlali None
[42] tampangara None
[43] kudi None
[44] malura None
[45] marumaru None
[46] tukapi None
[47] talparku None
[48] tjipila None
[49] taralku None
[50] ngudamankula None
[51] wuru None
[52] mulba None
[53] tjiliparkulu None
[54] karlimaljanku None
[55] tarutaru None
[56] kalintirintiri None
[57] tundupuda None
[58] kirapajirka None
[59] wutjubakana None
[60] milkiwaru None
[61] kakaturu None
[62] minkala None
[63] mudlawutju None
[64] kudnapirna None
[65] majaru None
[66] kudnajapu None
[67] kalkama None
[68] danpadanpa None
[69] dikidikiljera None
[70] mardalkuru None
[71] tjutju None
[72] mutimuti None
[73] tripitripi None
[74] dulpudulpuru None
[75] watiwiri None
[76] bakubaku None
[77] marlinga None
[78] burlanku None
[79] katatara None
[80] burlinga None
[81] diaparlankara None
[82] diaparlankara None
[83] kapakaparunga None
[84] jurluwara None
[85] wartjiwartji None
[86] malburu None
[87] kurawonparunga None
[88] putantara None
[89] milkiwari None
[90] kukukunka None
[91] tiritiritidna None
[92] karakarawora None
[93] burkupaja None
[94] karlatura None
[95] wuljuru None
[96] manpi None
[97] tutulari None
[98] kutikutitjiri None
[99] purlinga None
[100] wanuwanu None
[101] kadnimandrani None
[102] tapajuru None
[103] kudakuda None
[104] tjulkunu None
[105] tidnangati None
[106] waparu None
[107] murlapara None
[108] kirki None
Xref: No. 3270-17
[109] pirrabulu None
[110] kutjikutji None
[111] tjunda None
[112] juljujulju None
[113] tindritindri None
[114] matimati None
[115] pataralapatarala None
[116] papapapa None
[117] kadnikurukurumalkani None
[118] kuringelbingelbi None
[119] tjalparutja None
[120] mardamamamalini None
[121] kudinikudini None
[122] tindiwiri None
[123] pitimunkumunkuru None
[124] naripinta None
[125] kadrangu None
[126] kurubakula None
[127] karubakarla None
[128] wirlakantjarunga None
[129] marankara None
[130] tildiri None
[131] kadnikundi None
[132] kampukampu None
[133] dokupirra None
[134] womaluru None
[135] ngulkumitinti None
[136] ngaltjingaltjinka None
[137] tidari None
[138] pitjila None
[139] tjutjuwaru None
[140] pintjintara None
[141] wiparu None
[142] marikilia None
[143] malkankura None
[144] wirawirarila None
[145] mitinti None
[146] wonduru None
[147] karuwalijakijakini None
[148] kurlilawirawira None
[149] tudna None
[150] kurka None
[151] kuralta None
[152] talpaninkurunkuru None
[153] mudlana None
[154] murala None
[155] paljara None
[156] kokula None
[157] ngaratji None
[158] karapana None
[159] buljurunjununjunu None
[160] pitijatani None
[161] buruburu None
[162] mitjiringiringiri None
[163] kokulawilpangandrani None
[164] kuruwiliwilinga None
[165] timpatimpalunga None
[166] dakadaka None
[167] kunkitjiri None
[168] kudnawaritjunka None
[169] tiwilitja None
[170] taula None
[171] tidnakulnujelidijani None
[172] tutukudnurutidna None
[173] kindala None
Context: eats tjutju reptiles.
[174] kunikunirila None
[175] tapitapi None
[177] kandirita None
[178] wirimburu None
[179] tirawona None
[180] jerujeruwana None
[181] tiriditji None
[182] kultji None
[183] dukalitajini None
[184] tidna pirna big foot
[185] tidna waka small foot
[186] tidna ngunku foot on which toes practically overlap each other
[187] tidna wordu short foot
[188] tidna pajiri long foot
[189] tidna pirna big foot
Xref: subentry 184
[190] tidna wutju long and slender foot
[191] tidna njaldranjaldra foot with somewhat crooked toe
[192] tidna piltjaru foot whose toes are spaced far apart
[193] tidna makumaku foot whose toes are [somewhat] drawn in during walking
[194] tidna walpa feet placed in a direct line one in front of the other
[195] tidna mati heavy foot
[196] tidna wirka cracked soles of the feet
[197] tidna kirrakirra pigeon-toed feet
Context: turned inwards.
[198] tidna ngarka foot with a broad heel and the toes tapering to a point
[199] tidna pirrapirra hollow foot, foot with a high (hollow) instep [or metatarsus]
[200] widla tidna woman's footprint
Context: feet [placed] wider apart and the [toes] drawn in.
[201] tidna baluru flat foot
[202] tidna ngadlamara cheek-foot
Context: foot on which the big toe is considerably ball[-shaped].
[203] tidna piripiri foot on which the toes are [spaced] far apart
[204] tidna dukaterini riding foot
Context: foot on which the toes overlap each other.
[205] tidna piriwirdi foot with particularly long toe-nails
[206] tidna worawora crooked feet, crooked footprints
[207] tidna ngandri big toe
[208] tidna wutju long toe
Context: one next to the big toe.
[209] tidna ngalki little toe
[210] tidna woda heel of foot
[211] tidna mandra sole of foot
[212] tidna piri toe nails
[213] tidna palka joint of foot; ankle-joint, talus
[214] tidna diltja tendons of foot, muscles of foot
[215] tidna juri arteries of foot
[216] tidna doku instep
[217] tidna mudla tip of foot
[218] tidna ngadla cheek of foot, side of foot
[219] tidna kuldru back of the instep
[220] tidna karpa ridge of the foot above the toes, front of the instep.
[221] tidna kanpukanpungana skeleton of foot
[222] tidna warapaterina for one's feet themselves to relate
Idiom: to relate where one has been.
[223] paja tidna bird's footprint; Southern Cross constellation

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: a Diari [word] derived from tidna foot, mara hand and buruna to stoop, bend, curl up, with -na signifying the masculine and -ni the feminine ending). The meaning is 'to curl up, hands and feet together'. This name is given to the grub that settles inside the roots of this bush. Hence the name of the bush itself.

Spelling: thidna marduka

Grammar: feminine gender.

Addition: also "marduka" for 'matrilineal moiety'.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Ethnography: This bird indicates [the presence of] woma and kapiri, for it always twitters around where these are [to be found].

Spelling: thidnanipa

Grammar: masculine gender.

Ethnography: The witch-doctors wear these, so that their footprints cannot be detected.

Spelling: thidnankara

Alternative: thinankara

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: Derived from tidna foot and -nkara -nkari a suffix which always denotes something adjacent to, it means 'adjacent to the feet'. Since all dead people are buried with the head facing the south, north lies adjacent to the feet. kudnankari south signifies adjacent to the crown of the head. ditjidunka east signifies sunrise, and ditjiwiri west signifies sunset. tiriwa east, meaning 'one side of the ribs', and jendakara west, meaning 'the other side of the ribs', has been introduced from the Wonkanguru. Just as the dead are buried, so also is it proper to lie down to sleep, [facing the south]. South is always described as a good country. Therefore one should urinate only towards the north.

Spelling: None

Context: i.e. living area immediately in front of the building.

Mythology: The word is said to have originated with the story of Darana, who directed that men should bury the dead with the head facing south.

[1] Example:

tidnantani turu tarau tidna talpila
kindle a fire in the forecourt to warm [our] feet
[2] Example:

tidnantani ngaiani kanakurana warai
we buried the man with his head facing south

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Ethnography: This is a wind-break built in semi-circular shape.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: derived from tidna foot; footprint and palara outside, signifies 'footprints from outside'.

Ethnography: A friend or guest is treated with kind hospitality, so that he speaks well of the country [he has visited]. One usually speaks in flattering praise of the fine country of those people, from whom one has received [such] hospitality.

Spelling: thika-lha-rlu

Spelling: thika-lka-rna

[1] poto tikalkana to bring things back
[2] punga tikalkana to bring a wurley back
Context: to erect a wurley on the [same] old site.
[3] jaura tikalkana to bring back news
[4] nganti tikalkana to bring back meat
Context: from a hunt.
[5] kanta tikalkana to bring back [edible] plants
[6] paua tikalkana to bring back [edible] seed
[7] kindala tikalkana to bring back a dog
[8] kupa tikalkana to bring back a child
[9] kalara tikalkana to return a stone-axe

Spelling: thika-rna

[1] Example:

ngani tikai
I am turning back
[2] kana tikana for a person to turn back
[3] nganti tikana for animals to return
Context: to water.
[4] watara tikana for wind to return
Context: i.e. to blow again from the same quarter.
[5] talara tikana for rain to return
Context: e.g. when it would appear to be passing over, and then comes back, as it were.
[6] ngarimata tikana for a flood to return
[7] tikana ngarina to sink in; to soak in
[8] tikana karitjina to return from all directions
[9] paja tikana for birds to leave, for birds to migrate
[10] majaru tikana for rats to leave, for rats to migrate
[11] muntja tikana for sickness to return
[12] pinga tikana for a troop of blood-avengers to return
[13] bukatula tikana for ochre-collectors to return
[14] mungara tikana for a [wandering] soul to return
Context: in a dream.
[15] nuru tikana to come back quickly
[16] manju tikana to come back satisfied
[17] tiri tikana to return in a rage
[18] mauarli tikana to come back hungry
[19] japali tikana to return in a state of apprehension
[20] kurikarina tikana to turn back and run away
[21] muntja tikana to return in a state of ill-health
[22] ngulku tikana to come back with accusations
[23] junka tikana to come back in a huff
[24] poto tikana for things to find their way back
[25] kindala tikana for a dog to come back
[26] dako tikana for a sandhill to return
Context: e.g. when a sandhill extends so far (is so long) that one stumbles across it again.
[27] marda tikana for a mountain range to double back
Context: i.e. for it to turn in a half-circle.
[28] ngada tikana to go backwards
[29] pirra tikana for the moon to return
Context: e.g. the new moon.
[30] mindrina tikana to run back
[31] tajina tikana to return after having already eaten
[32] mardu tikana for one's former figure to return
Context: i.e. for a person to grow fat again.
[33] tarpina tikana to return en route
Context: while on the way.
[34] ngamana tikana to stay there for a while and come back again
[35] kumana tikana to come back dancing [obscenely]
Context: of women.
[36] manina tikana to bring back; to fetch
[37] worakalina tikana to return [and] look around, to look back

Spelling: thika-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thika-rna-yitya

Mythology: Whilst Darana was on his wanderings, he kept on turning around from time to time, so as not to lose [his sense of] direction for the return journey.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Insects

Spelling: thilhinga-lha-rlu

Spelling: thilhinga-rna

Context: during cooking.

Addition: translated by contemporary speakers as 'to boil, to bubble'.

[1] nganti tilingana for fat to ooze out
Context: when meat is being roasted.
[2] turu tilingana for sap to ooze out
Context: when green wood has been laid on a fire.
[3] ngapa tilingana for water to trickle
Context: into a [soakage] well; also for water to give off bubbles (when thrown on to dry ground).

Spelling: thilhinga-rna tharri-rna

Context: e.g. water out of the ground, or pus out of a wound.

Spelling: thilhinga-rna-yitya

Context: e.g. a wound, meat, etc.

Spelling: thilhinga-iyirpa-rna

Context: e.g. a wound.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Etymology: white.

Spelling: thilthirri

Addition: Reuther spells this entry as "diltiri" but under subentry No. 3270-130 he spells it "tildiri" and under subentry No. 3288-35 he spells it "tiltiri".

Spelling: thiltya

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana tiltja human sinews, human muscles
[2] nganti tiltja animal sinews
Ethnography: From these landing-nets are made. They are also used as thread, e.g. for tying up the legs of skin water-bags, for sewing rugs, or for tying sticks together. They are dried, then placed in moist sand, split, and twisted.
[3] Paridiltja place-name
[4] pariwilpa tiltja streaks in the sky during a dry season
[5] jerkala tiltja neck muscles; two glands
[6] nguna tiltja arm muscles
[7] tiltja ngandri mother tendon
Idiom: hamstring [at the back] of the knee.
[8] moku tiltja bony tendon
Idiom: spine, backbone, vertebral column.
[9] wokara tiltja jugular vein
[10] talara tiltja rain sinew
Idiom: flash of lightning.
[11] pita tiltja tough wood, pliable wood
[12] woldra tiltja heat stripes
Idiom: rays of the morning sun.
[13] mana tiltja mouth streaks
Idiom: when someone speaks without a break.
[14] tiltja nguru strong muscles, strong tendons
Context: Said of one who can run fast.
[15] tidna tiltja pajiri long foot muscles
Context: [Said of] someone who has come a long distance.

Spelling: thiltya nganka-rna

Context: for example, padi tiltja ngankana to knead caterpillars into a dough [or thick paste].

Spelling: thiltya-yitya

Context: and reserve them for himself.

Spelling: thiltya-ri-rna

[1] pariwilpa tiltjarina for the sky to get streaky
[2] kana tiltjarina for a man to grow thin
Context: so lean that one can see his veins [standing out], e.g. when death has laid him low.

Spelling: thiltya-thiltya

Grammar: masucline gender plural.

Spelling: thinthipiri

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] nguna tindipiti elbow on the arm
[2] panto tindipiti bay of a lake
[3] dako tindipiti corner of a sandhill
[4] marda tindipiti corner of a mountain range
[5] kajiri tindipiti elbow [or bend] in a creek

Spelling: thinthipiri-Ri-rna

Spelling: thinthi tharka-rna

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Semclass: Insects

Spelling: thinka

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] nari tinka night of the dead; buried corpse
[2] paru tinka [low brushwood] fence
Context: to guide fish towards a net.
[3] pita tinka fallen tree, dry tree

Spelling: thinka-yitya

Spelling: thinka-lha

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: "going to meet his death".

Spelling: None

Etymology: Derived from tinka night; darkness and -ri from kuri to break forth; to sprout forth, it signifies: 'to break forth out of the darkness or for that which was hidden to come to light'.

[1] jaura tinkari public remarks
[2] milki tinkari bright eyes, clear-looking eyes
[3] mana tinkari outspoken mouth
[4] pilpa tinkari raised eye-lids
Context: when desirous to keep a sharp look-out.
[5] punga tinkari wurley standing on a rise
[6] pita tinkari tall-standing tree
[7] palto tinkari public thoroughfare
[8] poto tinkari things that one has acquired legitimately
[9] mara tinkari hand that takes nothing by stealth
[10] manu tinkari free and easy nature
[11] mita tinkari plain with an extensive vision
[12] mudla tinkari open face
Context: i.e. a person who can look one freely in the face.
[13] pariwilpa tinkari clear sky
[14] ngura tinkari open camping-spot
[15] tinkari najina to see a long way
[16] marda tinkari mountain range that one can see from a long way off
[17] tinkari wapana to leave openly
Context: not secretly.
[18] tinkari turarana to sleep in the open
Context: not concealed.
[19] tinkari karana publicly to unite two dead men
[20] tinkari pitjiri tajina to chew tobacco openly
Context: in public, not in secret.
[21] tinkari karkana openly to call, to invite
[22] tinkari kaukaubana openly to relate
[23] tinkari jinkina openly to give
[24] tinkari noa patana openly to take a wife
[25] tinkari pirranguru jinkina openly to give (someone) a de facto wife
[26] tinkari ngirkibana openly to mock, to ridicule
[27] tinkari tajina to eat in public
[28] tinkari nandrana to kill openly
[29] ngapitja tinkari clear dream
[30] tjuru tinkari clear mind, understanding
[31] ngura tinkari free legs
Idiom: to take up one's position fearlessly.
[32] talpa tinkari good, hearing ears
[33] ngaru tinkari clear voice
[34] milbiri tinkari high forehead
[35] kaldra tinkari clear voice for calling [people together]
[36] malka tinkari clear, bright designs [or markings]
[37] mura tinkari sacred ceremony to which everyone may listen

:

Spelling: thinka-ri-rna

:

[1] jaura tinkaririna for words to become obvious
[2] kuri tinkaririna for shoots to appear
[3] mana tinkaririna for a mouth to become obvious
Idiom: to say words straight out.
[4] pariwilpa tinkaririna for the sky to clear

:

Spelling: None

Mythology: At length Darana saw the clouds ascending out of the dust.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Addition: South Australian Museum handwritten vocabulary notes item 1342 "tinpatinpalunga a bird (nightparrot)"

Semclass: Birds

Spelling: thintha-lha-rlu

Mythology: Nurawordubununa spilt (lost) the water that he had taken along with him.

Spelling: thintha-rna

[1] poto tintana to lose things
[2] kindala tintana to lose a dog
[3] kana tintana to lose a man
[4] palto tintana to lose a track
[5] ngapa tintana to lose water, to spill water
[6] jaura tintana to forget words
[7] paua tintana to spill seed
[8] tidna tintana to lose footprints
[9] ditji tintana to lose days
Context: not to remember (know) how many days [have passed].
[10] pirra tintana to lose moons
Context: not to remember how many months [have passed].
[11] kana tintana to lose a person
Context: e.g. through death.

Xref: No. 3342-3.
[12] kupa tintana to lose a child
[13] noa tintana to lose one's wife or husband
[14] milkigildi tintana to shed tears
[15] manu tintana to lose one's nature
Context: to lose one's easy-going disposition.
[16] tjuru tintana to lose one's reason
[17] ngura tintana to lose one's camping-spot
[18] marda tintana to lose one's millstone
Context: i.e. no longer to remember where it lies buried.
[19] muka tintana to lose one's sleep
Context: i.e. to be no longer able to sleep.
[20] palku tintana to lose one's body
Context: to lose condition; to grow thin.
[21] kirra tintana to lose a boomerang
[22] mura tintana to forget one's totemic [or ceremonial] song
[23] minka tintana to miss (lose) the burrow
Context: whilst digging it up.
[24] papa tintana to miss a bird
Context: i.e. not to [have] hit it.
[25] woda tintana to lose one's decorative headdress
[26] turu tintana to forget about the fire
[27] ngoku tintana to spit out what has been chewed
[28] nganti tintana to lose an animal
Context: i.e. not to catch sight of it again.
[29] kumari tintana to lose blood; to spit out blood
[30] ngama tintana to lose a full breast
Context: i.e. when [a woman's] milk diminishes.
[31] nganka tintana to lose one's beard

Spelling: thintha-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thintha-rna-yitya

Spelling: thintha-tharri-rna

Spelling: thintha-iyirpa-rna

:

[1] mita tintjana to break through the countryside
Context: water does this.
[2] kana tintjana to turn people away, to accept no advice
[3] wondiri tintjana to break through, to over-step a boundary
[4] ngantieli tintjana for animals to break through
Context: when they escape from the [enclosing] ring [of hunters].
[5] paja tintjana for birds to fly away
Context: While some are killed, the others fly away.
[6] jaura tintjana to give no heed to words [of advice]
[7] manu tintjana to violate someone's feelings
Context: to have no regard for someone else's natural feelings/.
[8] watarali tintjana for wind not to abate
Context: for wind not to cease [blowing], in spite of invocatory songs.
[9] talarali tintjana for rain not to cease
Context: in spite of an invocatory song.
[10] tintjana nandrana to chop something off at the top and the bottom
Context: e.g. a piece of wood.

Grammar: adverb use.

Spelling: None

Mythology: Darana took no notice of Wirakidnina.

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: composed of tipa tip of the tail, billi net; tuft, bundle, and -na he, signifies 'one that has a bushy tail'.

Spelling: thirri

[1] kana tiri bad-tempered fellow
[2] kindala tiri vicious dog
[3] kutji tiri evil spirit, the devil
[4] paja tiri mischievous bird; bird of prey
[5] tjutju tiri annoying insects that bite
Semclass: Insects
[6] mudla tiri sour face
[7] jaura tiri angry words
[8] manu tiri bad mood
[9] palku tiri angry body
Context: person who is habitually bad-tempered.
[10] ngara tiri wicked heart
[11] watara tiri sharp wind
[12] kalti tiri sharp spear
[13] kirra tiri sharp boomerang
[14] wona tiri sharp digging-stick
[15] pirra tiri coolamon with sharp edges
[16] kuluwa tiri sharp 'kuluwa' needles
[17] dilka tiri sharp prickles
[18] tjurlurunga tiri sharp thorny plant
[19] ngura tiri hostile camp
Context: all the people in the campe are hostile.
[20] tiri terkana to challenge
Grammar: adverb use.
[21] tiri wapana to go away in a huff
[22] tiri ngamana to sit down in a huff
[23] tiri kalkana to wait in anger
[24] tiri maritjina to shout in anger
[25] tjerkara tiri sharp cutting-edge
[26] panji tiri small, sharp stick
[27] tirieli moku jinkina to hand over a [magic] bone in anger
[28] kalara tiri sharp stone-axe
[29] tula tiri sharp stone chisel
[30] marda tiri sharp stone
[31] jutjuwonta tiri sharp stone knife
[32] malkupinta tiri poisonous insect
Semclass: Insects
[33] mirka tiri vicious ant
Semclass: Insects
[34] kadninunti tiri stinging scorpion
Semclass: Insects
[35] tiltiri tiri stinging centipede
Semclass: Insects
[36] pitaru tiri severe drought
Context: because lots of people are dying.
[37] muntja tiri serious illness
[38] tiri wikana to grind to a sharp edge
[39] tiri karipaterina angrily to pursue

Spelling: thirri-yitya

Spelling: thirri-lha

Spelling: thirri-mali-rna

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: derived from tiri rib and minta breast, means 'stripes on the breast'. This plant is named after a caterpillar that has a striped breast.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Insects

Addition: 961-17 Reuther glosses this as 'type of blowfly'.

Spelling: None

Grammar: Not derived from tiri angry, vexed.

[1] paja kuparu tirina for a young bird to unfold
Context: after it has crawled out of the egg.
[2] woma tirina for a snake to crawl (or creep) along
Context: because it has no legs.
[3] paja tirina for birds to move off
Context: out of the water.
[4] kana tirina for people to move off
Context: as they are being watched from a distance.
[5] mita tirina for ground to move forward
Context: as the distance of a track increases.
[6] nilanila tirina for a mirage to keep on moving away
[7] turu tirina for a fire to continue creeping along
Context: consuming all around it.
[8] malka tirina for [decorative] symbols to grow longer
[9] ngapa tirina for waters to keep moving forward
Context: a flood.
[10] talarapalku tirina for rainclouds to keep moving along
[11] kalka tirina for the red flush of sunset to keep on moving away
Context: i.e. to vanish.
[12] kanta tirina for grass to spread out
Context: i.e. to grow everywhere.

Spelling: thirri-Ri-rna tharri-rna

Addition: Reuther appears to have misspelled this word and left out -ri-.

:

[1] talarapalku tiringana to drive a raincloud aside
Context: The wind does this.
[2] nganti tiringana to keep animals on the move
Context: The grass does this.
[3] ngura tiringana to transfer a site; to shift camp
[4] punga tiringana to shift a wurley, to relocate a wurley
[5] widla tiringana to remove one's wife
Context: i.e. to give her to someone else.
[6] poto tiringana to remove articles
Context: to send them on.
[7] pitjiri tiringana to forward, send on the tobacco
[8] jaura tiringana to forward information on
[9] kima tiringana for a swelling to disappear
[10] muntja tiringana for sickness to spread further
[11] pindri tiringana for grasshoppers to disappear
Context: [or move on].
[12] majaru tiringana for rats to be on the move (wander about)

Spelling: None

Context: e.g. migratory birds, etc.

Spelling: thirr-Ri-lha-rlu

Spelling: thirri-Ri-rna

[1] kana tiririna for a man to get angry
[2] kupa tiririna for a child to get upset
[3] kindala tiririna for a dog to get vicious
[4] ngapani tiririna to get annoyed about water
[5] muntjandru tiririna to become indignant about a sick man
Context: wondering who bewitched him. Similarly about a dead man.
[6] kinkalkanani tiririna to get het up about being laughed at
[7] pupanani tiririna to become angry at having "fie" said behind one's back
[8] pantjani tiririna to become upset about one's legs
Context: because of someone laughing about them.
[9] wijikurubanani tiririna to get angry at being called behind one's back
[10] tidna waka patanani tiririna to become irate at being called "little foot"
[11] paratjarutjaru patanani tiririna to become irate at being called "scrubby hair"

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Etymology: composed of tirmi forehead, ngandra to catch, and -ni she, denotes 'one that has a white spot on the forehead', and [is good at] catching game, that is to say, can run fast. Meaning: the fast runner with a white spot on her forehead.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: a Wonkarabana word, derived from tirra reddish and paua seed. This plant has a reddish seed.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: Derived from tirta dog, maru black, and -na he, meaning 'black dog'.

Spelling: thitharri

Grammar: masculine gender.

Semclass: Lizards

Spelling: thitharri

Context: still without a name. (If it has a name, it is a kupa).

[1] titari tarana for rainless clouds to ascend
Context: These come up as titari, gather as a thick [mass] in the opposite corner (direction) of the sky, and come back again as mass.
[2] kudnajapu titari young [offspring] of the 'kudnajapu'
Context: as long as they hang to their [mothers'] teats. Similarly of all new-born animals.
[3] kajiri titari small tributary [or subsidiary] creeks
[4] kana titari younger generation
Context: without old people.
[5] kapara titari small subsidiary roots

Spelling: thiwi

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Context: Flowers and blossoms are the following.

[1] makuwoda None
[2] kadniliriliri None
[3] minjilbara None
[5] wirlapi None
[6] julanti None
[7] winkara None
[8] manjura None
[9] junganta None
[10] tjuldani None
[11] wau None
[12] tajamani None
[13] danju None
[14] marudunka None
[15] jindalakiparani None
[16] tjurlurunga None
[17] wirpi None
[18] wilti None
[19] pingalkuru None
[20] ngaljari None
[21] taraparkilja None

Spelling: thiwi

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] pita tiwi wood splinter
[2] karku tiwi [small] chunk from a cake of ochre
[3] jaura tiwi curt remark
[4] turu tiwi small broken-off chip of wood

Spelling: thiwi-yitya

Context: e.g. trees and shrubs which blossom.

Spelling: thiwi-lha-rlu

Spelling: thiwilitya

Ethnography: This bird indicates [the presence of] water, for it lives in close proximity to water.

Grammar: feminine gender.

Xref: No. 309-12, No. 2719-39, No. 3270-169.

Spelling: thiwilka

[1] turu tiwilka tongue of fire

Spelling: thiwi-ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: thiwi-ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thiwi-ri-rna

Spelling: thiwi-ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thiwi-thiwi-ri-rna

Grammar: plural.

Spelling: thuwa

Grammar: masculine gender.

Ethnography: See the names of the various toa on the pictorial illustrations. Reuther: "auf den Bildern". The original "Bilder" or illustrations were depicted in their original colours on cards by the Killalpaninna school-teacher, Henry James Hillier, at Rev. Reuther's request. They are now preserved among the Reuther collection in the South Australian Museum. These toa are a type of sign-language. After they are made, they are placed inside [one of the] camp wurleys, so that they are not discoloured (washed out) by rain that may chance to fall. The 'native' visitor perceives from the various colours, from the toa's shape, or from the things that are pasted on the top [of it], whither the people have moved. The feathers, bones, or different plant [samples], etc. correspond to the place-name, [while] the colours and shapes indicate the nature of the terrain. For an explanation of the various place-names and of the toas, see in another book. . In the latter part of Vol. XI. Moreover, Vols. XII and XIII are particularly devoted to the Toas.

Spelling: thurda

Grammar: masculine gender.

Addition: South Australian Museum handwritten vocabulary notes item 1351 "to/uda midday"

[1] ditji toda midday sun
[2] toda ngamana to rest at midday
[3] ngura toda nobody in camp,
Context: the midday camp, when men are out hunting and women are foraging for food.

Spelling: thurda-yitya

Spelling: thurda-lha

Ethnography: This [term] has particular reference to the earth. Since all [living] things rest at midday, the earth, too, takes her rest and nobody treads her [paths].

Spelling: thurda-lha-rlu

Spelling: thurda-Ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: thurda-Ri-rna

Spelling: thuti-iyirpa-rna

Spelling: thuti-lha-rlu

Spelling: thuti-rna

[1] kana todina to cover a man up
Ethnography: By throwing dust into the air at a by-passer, one wishes death to [overtake] him.
[2] nari todina to bury a dead person
[3] turu todina to cover up a fire
[4] marda todina to bury a millstone
[5] kutu todina to fill in a hole
[6] kindala todina to bury a dog
[7] minka todina to close in a burrow
[8] milki todina to blow the eyes shut
Context: The wind does this with sand.
[9] ngapa todina to choke up water
Context: with sand drift.
[10] pirra todina to cover up the moon
Context: e.g. clouds.
[11] ditji todina to cover up the sun
Context: e.g. dust, clouds.
[12] kalka todina to cover up the red flush of sunset
Context: e.g. clouds.
[13] wilpa todina to cover a debt, to balance up a debt
[14] ngara todina to cover up the heart
Idiom: to satisfy one's hunger.
[15] ngura todina to cover up a camp
Context: to fill a camp with people.
[16] kajiri todina to choke up a creek
Context: with sand, e.g. by the wind.
[17] ngapa todina to cover water
Context: e.g. birds, debris.
[18] kalku todina to bury reeds
Context: so that they remain moist.
[19] kirra todina to bury a boomerang
Context: so that it stays tough.
[20] punku todina to bury flax
Context: so that it remains moist.
[21] mara todina to rub a hand with sand
Context: a hand that has got greasy with fat.
[22] milki todina to cover one's eye
Context: to squeeze an eye shut.
[23] mana todina to bury someone's mouth
Ethnography: to throw sand into someone's mouth during an argument.
[24] muramura todina to plug up a 'muramura'with clay
Ethnography: to plug the holes in the hollow tree of Darana, so that it rains.
[25] tidna todina to obliterate footprints
Ethnography: of a dead person.
[26] billi todina to fill up a dilly-bag
Context: with animals, grass, etc.
[27] manu todina to cover up one's feelings
Idiom: no longer to desire what one wanted.
[28] kapara todina to cover up a headman
Context: e.g. when so many people stand around him, that one [can] no longer see him.
[29] punga todina to cover a wurley
Context: with moist earth.
[30] panto todina to cover a lake
Context: e.g. when a lake is occupied by people [camping] on all sides.
[31] malka todina to rub out marks, to erase marks
[32] nganti todina to cover up meat
Context: with coals during the [process of] cooking].
[33] paua kutu todina to cover up a seed-cache [or pit]
[34] ngapatjili todina to close in a [soakage] well
[35] todina kurana to bury and go away

Spelling: thuti-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thuti-thuti-rna

Grammar: plural.

Mythology: Dimpiwalakana filled in the [soakage] well that had been dug.

Spelling: thuti-rna-yitya

Spelling: thuti-tharri-rna

Context: with moist sand, e.g. whilst on a journey and without water, also during a midday [halt].

Spelling: thuku

Grammar: masculine gender.

Addition: South Australian Museum handwritten vocabulary notes item 1346 "to/uku the outside or flank"

[1] kana toku person's back
[2] pirra toku underside of a coolamon
[3] dako toku other side of a sandhill
[4] punga toku other side of a wurley
[5] marda toku underside of a millstone
[6] kirra toku non-flat surface (side) of a boomerang, convex and fluted surface of a boomerang
[7] pirra marra toku exterior face (side) of a shield
[8] pita toku outer edge of a curved piece of wood
[9] nganti toku back of an animal
[10] paja toku back of a bird
[11] paru toku back of a fish
[12] wonta toku outer surface of a digging-stick
[13] billi toku outside of a dilly-bag
[14] milki toku eyelashes
[15] tidna toku instep
[16] panto toku bed of a lake
[17] talpa toku exterior surface of a leaf
[18] mara toku back of the palm of the hand
[19] tara toku front part of leg [or thigh]
[20] ngama toku upper side of female breast
[21] nguna toku outer side of arm
Context: [extending] from the back of the palm of the hand, or from the wrist.
[22] pariwilpa toku imagined back of the sky
[23] pirra toku imagined rear side of the moon
[24] ditji toku rear side of the sun
[25] katu toku outer side of a windbreak
[26] minka toku extreme end of a burrow
[27] kutjuwonta toku back edge of a stone knife
[28] manatandra toku exterior side of teeth
[29] tali toku nether surface of the tongue
[30] ngulku toku outer side of the cheek
[31] mana toku outer side of a wurley
Context: near its entrance.
[32] marda toku rear side of a mountain
[33] para toku fleshy side of a fur-rug
[34] ngapajunga toku exterior side of a waterbag
[35] jerratoku other side of a lake; opposite bank
[36] toku kulno hidden elsewhere
[37] wondirani toku outside, beyond a boundary
[38] jaura toku rear side of words
Idiom: words considered from another angle.
[39] jaura toku mandru two rear sides of words
Idiom: words considered from two points of view.
[40] kuma toku tankara when one has been followed up by news of a death
[41] toku karitjina to turn one's back
[42] jaura tokuni miri fresh news on the back of the other [news]
Context: two news items in quick succession.
[43] toku wirra backbone; spine

Spelling: thuku-lha

Spelling: thudna

Alternative: thuna

Grammar: feminine gender.

Ethnography: This is a sort of limestone that is burnt in the fire and then slaked in water. White is the "colour" [symbolizing] sorrow. When in mourning, a man smears himself with this gypseous clay, especially the head, beard, and face. (1) When a troop of blood-avengers goes out, every man smears himself white from head to foot, in order to make himself unrecognizable. (2) maljakapi is the name given to clumps of gypseous clay on a man's beard. (3) If a wife [or husband] dies, the other party does not go to the grave. He withdraws [to a distance] with his next-of-kin, smears himself with lime, and lives in a lonely, secluded wurley with some of his closest relatives. [Here] the mourner sits in mute silence, for the most part in a bark hut, [while] his friends attend to his livelihood. During the days of mourning he may not participate in any ceremony or [religious] festival, nor fetch any water, etc., since he is unclean. After a certain lapse of time the father or the grandmother - depending on circumstances - comes along, knocks the clumps [of clay] off his beard, and with the fingernails scrapes (rubs) the crumbs of gypsum from his body. Finally, the mourner is painted with red [ochre]. At this he sobs passionately once more, whereupon the mourning period is over. If the person concerned wishes to be painted with red [ochre] within a very short space of time, he/she is regarded as a bad widower/widow (mangawaru madlentji). The widower/widow then prepares a ceremonial meal, and [from thenceforward] may again take part in a ceremony or religious festival. (4) When a young man is circumcised, a white stripe is painted across his chest as a symbol of identification. (5) When a man requests [the increase of] paljangani edible resin, he takes some gypsum in his mouth and spatters it against the trees, at the same time chanting his ceremonial song, just like the muramura once did so. (6) During the mindiri [festival] the wimabilli cf. Vol. X, pp. 119 seq. paint the upper part of their bodies, whereupon they draw stripes across these with their fingernails. (7) During a request for rain some gypsum is mixed with fat, placed into a coolamon, and deposited in water. When gypsum is thrown into muddy water, the water becomes clear.

Spelling: thudna-yitya

Spelling: thudna-lha-rlu

Spelling: thuka-lha-rlu

Spelling: thuka-rna

[1] kupa tukana to carry a child on one's back
[2] muntja tukana to carry a sick man on one's back
[3] tjunduru tukana to carry a gout-ridden man on one's back
[4] ngadani tukatuka grasshopper that carries its young on its back
[5] ngapajunga tukana to carry a [skin] waterbag on one's back
[6] nguna tukana to carry one's arm on one's back, to clasp one's arms behind one's back
[7] billi tukana to carry a dilly-bag on one's back
[8] nura tukana to carry its tail on its back
Context: a dog does this.

Spelling: thuka-rna-tharri-rna

Spelling: thuka-rna-yitya

Context: e.g. a child.

Mythology: The father of the two Kadripariwilpa carried his two sons on his back.

Spelling: thuka-tharri-rna

Addition: This is the intransitive form of the verb, and is used with a noun in the locative case to mean 'to ride on', as in nhantunhi thukatharrirna 'to ride on a horse'.

Spelling: thuka-thukapi

Alternative: thukapi

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Birds

Ethnography: [It is claimed that] if an under-aged person eats this duck, he will turn grey.

Spelling: thurla

Ethnography: These are people who were not born in the tribal country where they now live; people with whom one is not familiar; and people who assume a strange or even s hostile attitude. In the final sense [it means] even one's tribal relatives. Friendly-disposed neighbouring tribes are not tula. The word tula leans more towards [the idea of] hostility. How, now, does it come about that someone from a strange tribe should be able to infiltrate, when tribal boundaries are so strictly upheld! The [position] may be clarified by citing two examples. (1) How does a girl or a woman become a tula? Within one's own tribe a man may be suspected of having used sorcery against a dead man. [However,] this man has a large relationship or following, which would support him. Therefore, one does not dare to kill him, for this would stir up a lot of dust. [Instead] a secret message is sent to a strange, far-distant tribe to arm a troop of blood-avengers and [come and] invade the camp. This they will gladly do, for they will be well rewarded. The blood-avengers arrive and encircle the camp. The person in question is indicated by a wink of the eye, and thereupon is killed by the strangers. As a reward for this the strange warriors are presented with a girl to take back with them, whom they can arrange to marry at home. She is theirs. This girl or woman is a tula in that tribal territory. Her children, however, are [regarded as] indigenes. . Reuther: "Einheimische". (2) How does a man become a tula? As chance would have it, one man kills another [quite] unintentionally, perhaps with a boomerang. As soon as death has occurred, the killer makes his escape, for he will not be spared from the vendetta. He settles down among a strange, distant tribe, where he knows someone of the same mardu as himself. Here he is closely interrogated as to what happened. After negotiations with the tribal folk, the man concerned is regarded as a tula, but as an indigene he is no longer despised.

Spelling: thurla

[1] mita tula strange country
[2] poto tula strange [trade] articles
Context: that have come from afar.
[3] paja tula strange bird
Context: that is unfamiliar.
[4] ngapa tula strange [territorial] waters
Context: where one may not fish.
[5] pita tula strange trees and bushes
Context: which have no name.
[6] kindala tula strange, wild dog
[7] punga tula strange wurley
[8] kajiri tula strange creek
[9] mudla tula strange face
[10] palto tula unfamiliar track
[11] jaura tula strange words; strange language
[12] kupa tula strange child
[13] tula jeri strange-like
[14] mura tula unfamiliar ceremony
[15] mana tula strange mouth
Context: a stranger who eats the [native] game, etc. of another tribe.
[16] wonka tula unfamiliar country, waterless country
[17] noa tula wife or husband from a strange tribe
[18] maua tula person who habitually lives on the food of strangers
[19] buka tula strange food, unfamiliar food

Spelling: thurla-yitya

Mythology: Ngaltimparana and Worawakuna did not recognise each other.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: made up of tula stone knife), milia to refrain from eating, to go hungry and -na he, suggests 'stone knife that is hungry due to "fasting"'. This, [of course] is a metaphor: just as a stone knife is not satisfied when it has to "fast", i.e. when it is not used, and it is there to be used, so also a dog [is not satisfied] when it is forced to go without food.

Spelling: thurla-Ri-ipa-rna

Context: e.g. by plucking out one's beard.

Spelling: thurla-Ri-lha-rlu

Spelling: thurla-Ri-rna

Spelling: thurla-Ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thundra-ipa-lha-rlu

Spelling: thundra-ipa-rna

[1] wadiwadi tundribana to inundate an island
[2] mita tundribana to inundate the country
[3] kantali tundribana for grass to cover
Context: [the ground].
[4] patarali tundribana for trees to cover
Context: [the ground].

Spelling: thundra-ipa-rna-yitya

Context: e.g. water, etc.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Context: one who puts (a lot) into her stomach.

Etymology: composed of tuntu stomach, kurarana to put into, and -ni she. Inadvertently Reuther wrote "-na he", etc..

Spelling: thupu

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Context: These are [to be found] on the following tree and bush species.

[1] patara None
[2] kalju None
[3] wirra None
[4] kuntjiri None
[5] mutja None
[6] putupaja None
[7] burku None
[8] wajaka None
[9] kuluwa None
[10] malka None
[11] majamaja None
[12] wijalka None
[13] mananta None
[14] palkura None
[15] dilikawira None
[16] narimai None
[17] manawara None
[18] duntji None
[19] pulpuru None
[20] dikiri None
[22] tarlipundru None
[23] mardu None
[24] parlatiparlati None
[25] ngamakatakata None
[26] ngampu None
[27] nguramalji None
[28] makuwoda None
[29] pingalkuru None
[30] ngunandula None
[31] dupara None
[32] dakamita None
[33] tarapalja None
[34] kalumba None
[35] mintara None
[36] ngilpa None

Spelling: thupu-lha

Spelling: thupu-ri-lha-rlu

Spelling: thupu-ri-rna

Spelling: thupu-ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Etymology: Derived from tupu flower-bud and -ru from nguru closed, it signifies 'a flower-bud that is closed', respectively remains closed, that is to say, it doesn't develop into a flower.

Ethnography: According to the Aborigines' point of view, an only-begotten daughter does not develop to the 'blossoming' stage, since she has no brother to represent and care for her. [Consequently], since this type of girl has no brother, the eldest son(s) of her father's brother espouses her cause and calls her his sister.

Context: banquet to enable one to forget. Also kalingani-buka from kalingana to extinguish, to adjust, to even up, to cause to forget, to reconcile.

Ethnography: This banquet is prepared when an offence or an indiscretion against [tribal] custom has been committed, or even when a neighbour has been disturbed in his night's sleep. The following may be quoted by way of an example. [Suppose] the case has arisen where a child is burnt in the fire, so that for the duration of the night it cries out in pain. The immediate next-door neighbour has had his night's peace disturbed on account of the child's crying, so that he couldn't sleep. The child's father is sorry about this. At the same time he has been nintali ashamed, embarrassed. To pacify the child, he sits alongside it and chants his and the child's mura song. Reuther: "Gesangsgebete", which is in slight contrast to his usual term, "Gebetsgesaenge". On the following morning the child's father searches around to procure [sufficient] food to compensate his next-door neighbours or fellow camp occupants for the said disturbance during the night, in order that his embarrassment may subside and nobody may remain offended at the child's crying. Hence the name kalingani-buka compensating or reconciling meal. The neighbours [of course] are pleased at this. They accept the invitation, and, to show on their part that they are sympathetic, all the menfolk sit down together around the child and help the father to sing its mura song, so that it may be pacified and go to sleep. That is the reason why this type of meal is called turani-buka. turana means as much as to sleep. So the meaning of turani-buka is sleep-inducing meal, and relates to the child whom the invited guests have helped to lull to sleep. In this way all amends have been made and reconciliation brought about.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1]
Ethnography: The following seeds are pounded: ngardu, kuntjiri, kalju, and wirra.
[2] karku turara red ochre powder
[3] marukutu turara brown ochre powder
[4] ditji bubara chalk powder from the Sun Cave [Ditjiminka]
[5] maru turara black ochre powder
[6] tudna turara pulverized gypsum
[7] milti turara unburnt red-ochre powder
[8] mita turara sand
Context: not earth.
[9] punku turara beaten flax
[10] para turara hair ready for spinning
[11] jama turara fishing net torn to shreds
[12] kalku turara shredded reeds
[13] padi turara caterpillar flour
[14] pitjiri turara pulverized (pounded) chewing-tobacco
[15] baru turara yellow ochre powder
[16] ngulji turara crushed (pounded) resin
[17] nganti turara pounded meat
[18] mitimiti turara silver-sand
[19] turu turara fire powder, ashes
[20] turara ngamalkana to have flour

:

Spelling: None

Mythology: Darana prepared caterpillar flour for himself.

:

Spelling: thudna-Ri-ipa-rna

Context: i.e. to paint someone else with gypsum.

Spelling: thudna-Ri-rna

Context: [metaphorically speaking], i.e. to paint oneself [with gypsum], growing whiter and whiter in the process.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: derived from turana to lie down, to sleep. The turatura plant lies on the ground, as though it were sleeping.

Spelling: thuri-ipa-lha-rlu

Spelling: thuri-ipa-rna

[1] kalku turibana to wet reeds
[2] jama turibana to moisten a [fishing-] net
[3] paua turibana to moisten seed
Context: before grinding.

Spelling: thuri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thuri-ipa-rna-yitya

Context: e.g. rain.

Spelling: thuri-rna

Etymology: The primary word, from which this verb has been derived, appears to have been lost.

[1] ngapali turina to wet with water, to sprinkle oneself with water
[2] kindala turina for a dog to wet himself
Context: to sit in water.
[3] mara turina to rub one's hand with fat
[4] mana turina to grease one's mouth with fat
[5] tidna turina to bathe one's feet

Spelling: thuri-rna thuri-rna

Grammar: plural.

Mythology: Pintanganina moistened his reeds before processing them.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: compound of turpa dust, kundru back, spine, and -na he, means 'one that has dust on its back'.

Spelling: thurpa-lha-rlu

Spelling: thurpa-rna

[1] jinka turpana to wind [or make] into string
[2] kalku turpana to twist reeds
[3] punku turpana to spin flax
[4] diltja turpana to twist sinews

Spelling: thurpa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thurpa-rna-yitya

Spelling: thurpa-tharri-rna

Spelling: thurru putha

Context: i.e. ashes, actually, the fire (turu fire, wood) has pulverized the wood(?). The word "zermalmt" appears as an additional note above the line.

Spelling: thurru kudna

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: from turupilla coal, means 'one that is as black as coal'.

Spelling: thurruthurru

[1] ngapa turuturu lukewarm water
[2] tidna turuturu warm (hot) feet
[3] nganti turuturu warm [or hot] meat
[4] marda turuturu warm stone
[5] kanja turuturu warm firestick
[6] ngara turuturu wicked heart
[7] punga turuturu warm wurley
[8] palku turuturu [over]heated body
[9] mangatandra turuturu hot head
[10] diltja turuturu heated muscles
[11] mara turuturu warm hand

Spelling: thurruthurru-Ri-ipa-rna-yitya

Context: e.g. the sun.

Addition: Reuther appears to have misspelled this word and left out -ri-.

Spelling: thurruthurru-Ri-ipa-lha-rlu

Spelling: thurruthurru-Ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: thurruthurru-Ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: thurruthurru-Ri-rna

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Etymology: made up of turu back, wajala bent, crooked, and -ni she, denotes 'one that is hump-backed' or 'the hunch-back'.

tajibijirbana v. to hunt (something) for someone else

tajilalu n. eating

tajimalina v. to devour one another

tajina v. to eat

tajinietja n. eater; one that can eat continuously

tajipaterina v. to be unable to restrain oneself; to be unable to control oneself

tajirbana v. to eat for someone else, to chew for someone else

tajitajina v. to eat again and again

tajiterina v. to burn itself; to devour itself

tala n. skin; bark; peel

talaetja n. one who likes fur or skins; one who goes out [hunting] for skins

talara n. rain

talara kidnila n. one who has been killed by lightning; tree that has been struck by lightning

talaraetja n. one who petitions for rain

talarala n. one who has been overtaken (surprised) by rain

talararibana v. to beg for rain to come up

talararina v. to get ready to rain

talaribana v. to make into a skin; to pull off a skin

talaribanaterina v. to pull off the skin for oneself, for one's own benefit

talarina v. to turn into skin or bark

taldrarina v. to burst; to tear apart

taliri n. crust

talku adj. right; straight

talpa n. ear; leaf

talpakaldru n. one who is obedient

talpakaldrurina v. to become obedient

Talpakarunu n. name of dog of muramura

talpakudna n. ear discharge

talpala n. enemy

talpalalu n. kindling; setting alight

Talpalina n. name of dog of muramura

talpana v. to kindle; to set on fire; to scorch; to stir up

talpanaterina v. in the interests of personal [vanity] to burn cicatrices [on one's skin]

talpanietja n. burner, scorcher

talpaninkurunkuru n. earth-worm

Talpanunduna n. name of dog of muramura

talparibana v. to cause to turn to leaves

talparina v. to develop leaves; to get leaves

talpaterina v. to burn oneself with hot coals

talpijirbana v. to kindle (something) for someone else

talpura n. calm

talpura nganana v. to be [perfectly] still, to be calm

talpurarina v. to grow calm

talta n. rent; cleft; gap; crevice

Tamarani n. name of dog of muramura

tampa adj. light, nimble; sneaking; furtive

Tampakurarana . name of dog of muramura

tampalalu n. [act of] sneaking along

tampana v. to sneak along; to tread softly

tampanaterina v. to crawl along stealthily to one's own advantage

tampangara n. pelican

tampanietja n. creeper, crawler, sneak

tampatampana v. to sneak along again and again

tampuribana v. to throw in; to close in

tampuribanaterina v. to cause something to fall in to one's own advantage, to cause to collapse to one's own advantage

tampuribanietja n. one who breaks something dawn or causes it to fall in

tampurilalu n. [act of] falling in; collapse

tampurina v. to collapse; to cave in

tampurinaterina v. to fall in of itself

tana pro. they

tanaia pro. they

tanaiako pro. they

tanaiata pro. they

tanako pro. they

tanali pro. by them

tanalia pro. by them

tanaliako pro. by them

tanaliata pro. by them

tanalipara pro. by those

tanalipini pro. by these

tanaliwa pro. by them

tanalu pro. these here

tanana pro. them

tananaia pro. of their

tananaia pro. them

tananaia pro. of their

tananaiako pro. of their

tananaiako pro. them

tananaiata pro. them

tananaiata pro. of their