Reuther Dictionary

Spelling: ngarda thika-rna

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: from ngadaia afterwards; backwards and pakaru forerunner, signifying: 'after the forerunners', i.e. to arrive later than those out in front.

[1] Example:

ngadaiapakaru ngapa ngakai
secondary floodwaters [are coming down]
[2] paja ngadaiapakaru later flight of birds
[3] turu ngadaiapakaru later-kindled fire
[4] punga ngadaiapakaru last wurley
[5] kupa ngadaiapakaru later born child; later born child of a set of twins
[6] tidna ngadaiapakaru last footprints
[7] talara ngadaiapakaru later-falling rain
[8] ngapakura ngadaiapakaru following strip of rain
Context: or local shower of rain.
[9] ditji ngadaiapakaru later rising star
[10] ngadaiapakaru later-runners
Context: name by which one man refers to others, when he talks magnanimously of himself.
[11] manu ngadaiapakaru mind later
Idiom: man who carries out his intentions later than he says, e.g. instead of leaving in the morning, he leaves at midday.
[12] jaura ngadaiapakaru later dispatched news [or information]

:

Spelling: None

Context: to throw someone back whilst journeying along.

:

Spelling: ngarda-lha

Ethnography: The usual custom is to walk in Indian file on account of narrow tracks.

Xref: No. 971-2

Spelling: ngarda-lha-rlu

Spelling: ngarda-nhi

Grammar: Thus in the case of almost all verbs.

[1] ngadani wapana to go afterwards; to go later on
[2] ngadani wokarana to come later on
[3] ngadani kampana to gather together, to collect later
[4] ngadani jatana to tell afterwards
[5] ngadani palina to die later
[6] ngadani ngundrana to think about later; to reflect upon afterwards
[7] ngadani tajina to eat afterwards
[8] ngadani wokaribana to break off later
[9] ngadani manina to fetch later
[10] ngadani jinkina to give later
[11] ngadani tapana to drink later
[12] ngadani wontina to search for later
[13] ngadani mindrina to run later

Spelling: ngarda-yitya

Spelling: ngarda-Ri-ipa-rna

[1] poto ngadaribana to carry things back
[2] talara ngadaribana (for wind) to drive back the rain

Spelling: ngarda-Ri-rna

[1] Example:

ngani ngadarila nganai
I shall come later on
[2] ngadariamai! go back!
[3] ngadaia wapana to go backwards
[4] ngadali tikana to return home
[5] ngadali najina to look backwards

Spelling: ngadla

Alternative: ngala

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: both of humans and animals.

Spelling: ngayala

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana ngaiala human voice
[2] marda ngaiala projecting ledge
Context: of stone on a rock wall.
[3] munara ngaiala section of sloping bank
Context: undermined [by water] and thus jutting out.
[4] papa ngaiala bird call
[5] wima ngaiala sound of singing
[6] kaldra ngaiala calling voice
[7] wona ngaiala sharpness of a digging-stick
[8] ngapa ngaiala rushing of water
Addition: This rather means 'sound of rushing water'.
[9] tjutju ngaiala humming of insects
Semclass: Insects
[10] kindala ngaiala barking of dogs
[11] nganti ngaiala animal noises
[12] kalara ngaiala sharpness of a stone axe
[13] tula ngaiala sharpness of a stone chisel
[14] watara ngaiala sighing of wind

Spelling: ngayala-yitya

Spelling: ngayala-ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: ngayala-ri-rna

Spelling: ngayala-ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: ngayana

Grammar: Nominative of first person plural. This includes all who are present.

Addition: This is ngayana the first person plural inclusive form, including the person(s) addressed.

Spelling: None

Grammar: accusative of No. 1780.

Spelling: ngayana-rni-ya

Grammar: genitive of No. 1799.

Spelling: ngayana-rni-li

Grammar: nominative of No. 1799, used with transitive verbs.

Spelling: ngayana-rni-nhi

Grammar: dative of No. 1799.

Spelling: ngayana-ngu

Grammar: dative of No. 1780.

Spelling: ngayani-rni

Grammar: in the nominative case. The term applies to all who are present or available.

Spelling: ngayana-rni

Grammar: genitive of No. 1780.

Spelling: ngayana-rni

Grammar: accusative of No. 1799.

Spelling: ngayani

Grammar: First person plural. This embraces only a portion of those present, not all.

Addition: This is ngayani the plural exclusive form, so not including the person(s) addressed.

Spelling: ngayani-nha

Grammar: accusative of No. 1776.

Spelling: ngayana-rni-ya

Grammar: genitive of No. 1804.

Spelling: ngayana-rni-li

Grammar: nominative, or, more correctly, agentive case of No. 1804. Used with transitive verbs. Also in this instance the definite -ta, indefinite -ko, and selective -ka forms are applicable.

Spelling: ngayana-rni-nhi

Grammar: dative of No. 1804.

Spelling: None

Grammar: dative of No. 1776.

Spelling: ngayana-rni

Grammar: excluding a portion of those present.

Addition: this is the possessive form of the 1st person plural exclusive, excluding the person(s) addressed.

Spelling: ngayana-rni

Grammar: accusative of No. 1804.

Spelling: ngayani-rni

Grammar: genitive of No. 1776.

Spelling: None

Grammar: interrogative.

[1] Example:

ngani wapai, ngaji?
I am going, yes?
Context: may I go?
[2] Example:

ngani ngamai, ngaji?

Context: may I stay here?
[3] Example:

taji ngato, ngaji?
I eat, yes?
Context: shall I eat?
[4] Example:

ngato ngamalkai, ngaji?
I have, yes?
Context: shall I keep it?
[5] Example:

jinpamai tananaia! ngaji?
shall I send them away?
[6] Example:

karkai [tananaia] wata, ngaji?
shall I call them or not?
[7] Example:

ngato kana puntibai, ngaji?
shall I divide the people into groups?

Spelling: ngayimarla

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: of humans and animals.

[1] ngapa ngajimarla throat of a lake (water)
Context: a channel, via which the water runs into a lake.
[2] ngajimarla warpina to stretch one's throat
Idiom: to stretch one's neck in order to have a look around.

Context: when it is merely applied to the will: nauja ngajimarla duljina warai tiririnanto he was falling up to his neck to fight The implication is: but it didn't come to that.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: of humans and animals.

Spelling: ngaka

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana ngaka front part of a man's neck
[2] paja ngaka forepart of a bird's neck
[3] billi ngaka upper edge of a dilly-bag
[4] ngapa ngaka inlet of a creek into a lake
Context: [literally, 'neck of a lake'].
[5] tjutju ngaka front of a snake's neck
[6] ngaka pajiri long fore-neck

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Spelling: None

Context: of humans and animals.

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: ngaka-ma-lka-rna

Context: e.g. when a channel has been dry (empty) at first and then fills up.

Spelling: ngaka-rna

[1] ngapa ngakana for water to flow down
[2] kumari ngakana for blood to flow down (from a wound)
[3] watara ngakana for the wind to come up
[4] kilpa ngakana for cold air to be falling
[5] karara ngakana for a hot wind to be blowing
[6] mudlagildi ngakana for mucus (from the nose) to run down
[7] milkigildi ngakana for tears to run down
[8] gildi ngakana for fat to trickle down
[9] kangu ngakana for perspiration to run or drip down
[10] ngakana wirina to drizzle and pass over
Context: e.g. a local shower.

Grammar: adverb use.
[11] ngulji ngakana for resin [or tree-gum] to trickle down
[12] paljangani ngakana for resin to ooze or drip down
[13] kandri ngakana for tree-resin to trickle down
Context: from a type of trees which are native to Queensland.
[14] talja ngakana for (another variety of) resin to run down
[15] kirra ngakana for a boomerang to fall
[16] winkara ngakana talara jeri for 'winkara' edible plants to fall down like rain
Idiom: This is merely a figure of speech [to denote that] winkara is growing everywhere.
[17] mita ngakana for earth to trickle down
[18] ngaltja ngakana for saliva to run down
Context: from the mouth.
[19] pua ngakana for pus to run down
Context: from a wound.
[20] kudna ngakana for excreta to run down
[21] paua ngakana for seed [-pulp] to run down
Context: from a millstone.
[22] wima ngakana for a song to flow down
Context: when singing is at a quick tempo.

Spelling: ngakarni-ya

Grammar: Genitive of 1st person singular possessive.

Addition: this is ngakarnaya with the final vowel of the three-syllable root ngakarni neutralising to a when -nhi is added.

Spelling: ngakarni-li

Grammar: compare No. 1784. Used with transitive verbs. This is quite obviously the Nom. II or agentive case of the 1st person singular possessive pronoun, and is identical to the ablative form (which Reuther clearly thought it was). It is the equivalent of 'nukanala' in Aranda.

Spelling: ngakarni-nhi

Grammar: Dative of 1st person singular possessive.

Addition: this is ngakarnanhi with the final vowel of the three-syllable root ngakarni neutralising to a when -nhi is added.

Spelling: ngakangu

Grammar: personal pronoun dative indicative. wata jaura marapu ngakangu jatau! don't tell me too much The verb jatana to speak always governs the dative.

Spelling: ngakarni

Grammar: Accusative of 1st person singular possessive.

Spelling: ngakarni

Grammar: nominative of 1st person singular possessive pronoun.

Spelling: ngakarni

Grammar: personal pronoun genitive ind. Reuther's abbreviation, "Ind"., denotes indicative mood. ngakani pungaia mana wuldru the doorway to my wurley is narrow

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: means 'to belch (from eating)'. Any person who eats the fruit of this plant belches as a result.

Spelling: ngaka-rna thaRa-rna

Context: e.g. when a lake is full.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: Good ground is mita. Everything in common is also mita land, country.

[1] mita ngalara sandy country
[2] ngalara [ngankana] to make sand; to heap up sand
Context: The wind does this.
[3] ngalara teribana to sweep away sand
[4] ngalara tirimalkana to remove sand
Context: to sweep sand away from one spot and heap it up at another.
[5] ngalara ngurani jaupana to sprinkle sand inside a hut
Ethnography: This is done when pure sand has been mixed with ashes, so that one is able to sleep on clean sand.
[6] ngalarani ngura [ngankana] to make one's camp in sand
Ethnography: [This is done] even when camping out, since there are no ants present.
[7] ngalarani wapana to walk on sand
Context: because here the feet suffer no hurt.
[8] ngalara ngankana kilinaia to loosen up the ground [or sand] for dancing
[9] ngalara mirimiri sand on a rise or ridge
Context: e.g. when the wind has drifted the sand on to the crest (ridge) of a sandhill.

:

Spelling: None

Context: e.g. the wind's action on water.

Spelling: None

Context: e.g. a creek or channel.

Spelling: ngalpurru

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: compound of ngalpa bosom; the interior of a wurley) and buru without), i.e. unable to see the interior of a wurley.

[1] punga koko ngalburu dark, or darkness inside of the wurley
[2] mita ngalburu dark earth
[3] pariwilpa ngalburu dark sky
Context: when it is covered in clouds.
[4] minka ngalburu dark hole
[5] koko ngalburu dark hole of a hollow tree
[6] milki ngalburu dark eye
Context: someone who likes to walk around in the darkness.
[7] ditji ngalburu obscured, shaded sun
[8] tinka ngalburu dark night
[9] pirra ngalburu obscured moon
[10] ngalburu najina to see dimly
Context: e.g. when one's eyesight is failing.
[11] ngalburani ngamana to sit in darkness
[12] ngalburu tarku fringe of darkness at night
[13] ngalburu mandra centre of darkness
Context: i.e. in the middle of the night.
[14] ngalburu buru thick darkness
[15] ngalburu wordu short darkness
Context: i.e. a short night.
[16] ngalburu wirdi long darkness
Context: i.e. a long night.
[17] kana ngalburu obscure person
Context: i.e. whom one cannot recognize from a distance.
[18] kutji ngalburani wirarina for the devil to wander around by night
Ethnography: For this reason folks do not walk around without a fire[-stick], for he shuns [the light].
[19] njurdu ngalburu very dark (black) hair
[20] palto ngalburu obscure track
Context: when one cannot see it very distinctly.
[21] kutu ngalburu dark hole
[22] kajiri ngalburu shady (dark) creek
Context: when it is thickly timbered [or lined] with trees.
[23] ngalburani wonkana to sing at night

Spelling: ngalpurru-lha

Spelling: ngalpurru-lha-rlu

Spelling: nglpurru-Ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: ngalpurru-Ri-rna

Context: When lots of trees are growing in one spot, it is common to say: 'the place is getting dark'.

Spelling: ngalpurru-Ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: ngaldra

Grammar: dual personal pronoun, i.e. I and you and the third person whom we are addressing. ngaldra wapala nganai we two (and you) shaIl go Hence there will be three.

Addition: Reuther's translation is incorrect here as this is a dual pronoun and hence indicates two persons only (speaker and a third person) not three.

Spelling: ngaldra-nha

Grammar: accusative of No. 1769.

Spelling: ngaldra-rni-ya

Grammar: genitive of No. 1788.

Spelling: ngaldra-rni-li

Grammar: compare No. 1788. Used with transitive verbs.

Spelling: ngaldra-rni-nhi

Grammar: dative of No. 1788.

Spelling: ngaldra-ngu

Grammar: dative of No. 1769.

Spelling: ngaldra-rni

Grammar: genitive of No. 1769.

Addition: Scherer translates this as 'our two'.

Spelling: ngaldra-rni

Grammar: accusative of No. 1788.

Spelling: ngaldra-rni

Grammar: Genitive of 1st person dual possessive, [indicating] I and the person whom I address, in which case the third person is included, e.g. 'we two are going with you'. Used with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: ngali

Grammar: dual personal pronoun nominative indicative, excluding the person who is addressed. Used with intransitive verbs. ngali wapala nganai we two shall go Said while addressing a third person, but without including the third person.

Spelling: ngali-nha

Grammar: accusative of No. 1768.

Spelling: ngali-rni-ya

Grammar: genitive of No. 1792.

Spelling: ngali-rni-li

Grammar: compare No. 1792. Used with transitive verbs. Reuther mistranslated this word to mean 'my two'. As the pronoun in the agentive case, it is used only with transitive verbs. The definite -ta, indefinite -ko, and selective -ka modes of expression can be applied to all these forms.

Spelling: ngali-rni-nhi

Grammar: dative of No. 1792.

Spelling: ngali-ngu

Grammar: dative of No. 1768.

Spelling: ngali-rni

Grammar: Genitive of 1st person singular possessive. Here only the two are meant, to the exclusion of a third [person].

Spelling: ngali-rni

Grammar: accusative of No. 1792.

Spelling: ngali-rni

Grammar: genitive of No. 1768.

Addition: Scherer translates this as 'both our', but this is clearly an error as it is the dual geneitive form.

Spelling: ngalki

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: on either side of the head.

[1] para ngalki hairs on the temple
[2] mara ngalki small finger
[3] tidna ngalki small toe

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: ngalku-yali

Grammar: adjective and adverb transitive.

[1] ngalkujeli najina to look longingly at
[2] ngalkujeli tajina to eat with delight
[3] ngalkujeli manina to take with satisfaction
[4] ngapani ngalkujeli longing for water
[5] pirrani ngalkujeli desirous of a coolamon
[6] kirrani ngalkujeli desirous of a boomerang
[7] kutjani ngalkujeli desirous of feathers
[8] paruni ngalkujeli longing for fish
[9] billini ngalkujeli desirous of a dilly-bag
[10] talarani ngalkuieli longing for rain
[11] kantani ngalkujeli longing for grass (or vegetable food)
[12] ngalku pirna deeply craving for; hankering after

Spelling: ngalku-ri-ipa-rna

Context: e.g. for the heat to cause a craving for water.

Spelling: ngalku-ri-lha-rlu

Spelling: ngalku-ri-rna

bukani ngalkurina
to have a longing for food

Spelling: ngalku-ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: ngalpa

Grammar: feminine gender.

[1] kana ngalpa person's lap
[2] punga ngalpa bosom of hut
Idiom: interior of a hut (or wurley).

Xref: No. 2875-13 Reuther translates this as 'side of a wurley'.
[3] dako ngalpa bosom of sandhill
Idiom: incline or slope of a sandhill.
[4] marda ngalpa indentation or recess into a range; slope of a range
[5] pita ngalpa inner circle of trees
Context: not those on the fringe.
[6] kajiri ngalpa creek-bed
Context: as far as the water level.
[7] panto ngalpa bosom of a lake
Context: i.e. bed of a lake (as far as the water extends).
[8] kirra ngalpa flat side of a boomerang
[9] nguna ngalpa inner side of a [bird's] wing
[10] mana ngalpa interior of mouth
[11] minka ngalpa space inside of a burrow
[12] milki ngalpa eye-socket
[13] ngalpa kangu bosom perspiration
Idiom: body warmth, e.g. when two men sleep next to each other to keep themselves warm.
[14] pirra ngalpa cubic space of a coolamon
[15] pariwilpa ngalpa expanse of heaven

Spelling: ngalpa-yitya

Spelling: ngalpangalpa

Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: ngalpa-ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: ngalpa-ri-rna

Spelling: ngalpa-ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: None

Context: It is the time of day when the sun stands midway between its zenith and its point of setting.

ditji ngaltingalti
moderately cool sun, or day

Spelling: None

Ethnography: This is done by chanting invocatory songs while on a journey, so that one is enabled to travel further.

:

Spelling: ngaltya

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] mana ngaltja saliva of the mouth
[2] ngurlu ngaltja foam on water
[3] ngaltja worana to spit out or eject one's sputum
[4] ngaltja worana to spit
Context: whilst eating human flesh, in order to suppress one's feelings of sorrow.
[5] ngaltja dakana to belch
[6] ngaltja julkana to swallow one's sputum
[7] ngaltja ngankana to induce saliva
Context: by chewing tobacco.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] paua ngaltjangaltja residue of seed pulp
Context: pulp that remains adhering to a millstone.
[2] kana ngaltjangaltja unsuccessful victim
Context: person on whose life an attempt has often been made, but who has always escaped death.
[3] ngura ngaltjangaltja unsuccessful murder camp
Context: camp in which one man has been marked out for a long time as a victim for a killing, but to which one could not get near.

Spelling: ngaltya-ri-ipa-rna

Context: e.g. make saliva by chewing tobacco.

Spelling: ngaltya-ri-rna

Context: e.g. dribble when saliva forms in the mouth.

Spelling: ngama

Grammar: feminine gender.

[1] widla ngama woman's breast
[2] pirra ngama shield
[3] ngama katakata type of grass
Context: whose broken-off stems weep a milky [fluid].
[4] tupara ngama edible type of grass
[5] ngamawiri breast-bone of an emu
[6] kindala ngama udder of a female dog
[7] ngama tanka teats on an udder
[8] ngama dulku more erect breasts of a young maiden
[9] ngamapilkaparani drooping breasts of an elderly woman
[10] ngamaterkani for breasts to be upstanding
Idiom: woman who as yet has not given suck to a child.
[11] ngama karla empty breasts
Idiom: woman whose new-born child has died
[12] patara ngama gum-tree's breast
Idiom: knot or knob [growing out] of a gum-tree
[13] ngamarku kind of seed
Context: This plant is practically extinct, because the cattle are very fond of eating it. The Aborigines, [too,] eat it with relish; however, it will be difficult to preserve a specimen, since it can [no longer] be found.
[14] ngama kaldri bitter breast
Idiom: orphan, child that cannot drink at its mother's breast, because she has died.

Ethnography: A strange phenomenon here comes to light. Another woman allows such a child to suck at her breast, whereby she is said gradually to acquire [a capacity for] milk, so that [this] woman who has not given suck to a child for years now receives milk for a new-born child. Elisha sucked at his grandmother's breast, because his own mother had died.
[15] ngama wanjura breast that has been sucked dry
Context: e.g. when a mother finds that she is pregnant again and her [supply of] milk therefore recedes.

Ethnography: If at all possible, children are suckled until they reach the age of three or four years.
[16] ngama pirna big breast
Idiom: mother who has a large supply of milk.
[17] ngama turu dry breast
[18] ngamaturukuru completely dried up breast, parched empty breast
Context: breast does not protrude [because it is] devoid of flesh [and muscle].

Ethnography: This (Ngamaturukuru) is the name given to the evening star.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: a Ngameni word, composed of ngama udder; a woman's breast; milk and katakata broken off When the stem is broken off, it exudes a milky [substance]. This, then, is a milky type of plant.

Spelling: ngama-lha-rlu

Spelling: ngama-lka-lha-rlu

Spelling: ngama-lka-rna

[1] noa ngamalkana to have a spouse
[2] poto ngamalkana to have possessions
[3] ngatata ngamalkana to have a younger brother
[4] ngandri ngamalkana to have a mother
[5] mita ngamalkana to keep the country free ([of occupants], so that no strangers hunt on it, nor collect seed, etc.)
[6] kana ngamalkana to have men, i.e. followers, servants, helpers (on the part of the 'kapara)'
[7] jaura ngamalkana to have news
[8] ngapa ngamalkana to have water

Spelling: ngama-lka-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: ngam-lka-rna-yitya

Spelling: ngama-lka-tharri-rna

Spelling: ngama-lka-iyirpa-mali-rna

Spelling: ngama-lka-iyirpa-rna

Grammar: The meaning of 'to provide for' has been erroneously attributed to this word, so that in Christian usage it has now acquired this meaning.

Spelling: ngama murda-ni

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: breast which no longer suckles.

Spelling: ngama-rna

[1] Example:

ngani ngamala nganai
I will stay here
[2] Example:

ngaiani ninkida ngamala nganai
we will set up camp here
[3] ngamana ngarina to sit down
[4] Example:

talara ngamana ngariji
rain is falling

Addition: I have added the literal translation here.
[5] Example:

ditji ngamana ngariji
the sun is setting
[6] pita ngamana ngarina for a tree to fall over
[7] Example:

nanika nunkangu ngamana ngariji
she has become his wife
[8] ngamana tarana to sit down to get up, to rise; to sit upright
[9] turu ngamana tarana for a fire to flare up
[10] ngamana tatana to stay behind
[11] ngamana tikana to remain sitting; to return home

Spelling: ngama-ngama-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: ngama-ngama-rna

Spelling: ngama-rna-yitya

Spelling: ngama-ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: ngama-ri-rna

Context: i.e. when the fleshy breasts of a young maiden grow more and more prominent.

Ethnography: This is an indication that real marriage is now befitting [or expedient]. Alas, the tenderest bond of a God-pleasing marriage has been perverted by the devil in heathendom (unfortunately even in Christendom) through sinful, carnal sensuality. Well for us that we, as the bride, have an eternal Bridegroom! Words here are inadequate to [describe] the tenderest love of eternity.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: ngami

Grammar: masculine gender.

Addition: Howitt and Siebert (1902: 407) "Ngami are like long slender crochet-hooks made of wood, which the blacks skilfully extract the grubs from their tunnel-holes in the gum tree trunks".

[1] patara pauaia ngami hook for [collecting] gum seed
Ethnography: With it branches are pulled down and broken off.
[2] jinkaia ngami hook by means of which hair is spun into thread
[3] punkuja ngami hook for [processing] flax
Context: and by means of which the flax-thread is twisted tight.
[4] ngampaia ngami hook for [making] pubic coverings
Context: and by means of which the yarn or thread is spun for pubic coverings.
[5] kudnijinkaia ngami hook for wood-grubs
Context: i.e. by means of which wood-grubs are extracted [from their holes in the limbs or roots of trees].
[6] wadlulaia ngami 'wadlulaia' hook
Context: hook by means of which cockchafer grubs Reuther: "Engerlinge". are hooked [and drawn] out of their holes.
[7] warukati ngami flock of emus
[8] paja ngami flock of birds
[9] tampangara ngami flock of pelicans
[10] kana ngami crowd of people
[11] paru ngami shoal of fish
[12] nganti ngami herd of animals
[13] ngamieli manina to extract with a hook
[14] ngami manina to take a hook
Context: to select (hook) one person out of a crowd of people and encourage him to go.
[15] ngami puntina for a flock to disperse
[16] ngami dakana to make a hook
[17] kirra ngami hooked [or beaked] boomerang

Spelling: ngami-ipa-rna

Context: i.e. to help increase numbers.

[1] kupa ngamibana to add a child
Context: This is the way a father speaks, when he has given his daughter in marriage to an associate of another tribe: he has added her to their [number].
[2] kana ngamibana to mobilize people, to bring more [and more] people together
[3] ngamibana tarana to congregate on a hill
Context: when more and more people keep on coming up.

Spelling: ngami-yitya

Spelling: ngami-lha

Spelling: ngami-lha-rlu

Spelling: ngamingami-ipa-tharri-rna

[1] kana ngamingamibaterina for people to congregate, assemble
[2] kana mungara ngamingamibaterina for the spirit of a deceased person to enter camp and settle down among the people
[3] paja ngamingamibaterina for birds to flock together
Context: likewise of all creatures.

Spelling: ngamirri

Context: one whose breasts are fully developed.

Grammar: feminine gender.

:

[1] mankara ngamiri old maid or spinster
[2] materi ngamiri old bachelor
[3] materi ngamiri widower
[4] widla ngamiri widow
[5] widla ngamiri married woman without a child
[6] widla ngamiri grass widow
Context: whose husband is away.
[7] materi ngamiri grass widower
[8] pita ngamiri tree that stands isolated
[9] manu ngamiri individual character
Context: i.e. a person who thinks only of himself.
[10] warukati ngamiri emu that struts around on its own, without a mate
[11] kindala ngamiri male dog without a mate
Context: and vice versa. Likewise of all birds and animals.

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: None

Context: e.g. by killing the other spouse.

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] mana ngampangampa cavity of the mouth
[2] panto ngampangampa cubic capacity of a lake
[3] mandra ngampangampa inner recesses of the stomach
[4] ngulku ngampangampa area inside of blown-up cheeks
[5] punga ngampangampa interior of a wurley
[6] palto ngampangampa width of a path
[7] billi ngampangampa space inside of a dilly-bag
[8] pirra ngampangampa cubic capacity of a coolamon
[9] minka ngampangampa space of area inside of a tunnel
[10] kajiri ngampangampa width of a creek-bed
[11] maru ngampangampa surface area of a plain
[12] marda palara ngampangampa surface area of a gibber plain

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] jaura ngampara words of a hollow piece of wood
Idiom: muffled sound; hoarse voice; bass tone. It is assumed that any man with a bass voice has a large cavity of the mouth; the opposite applies to a tenor voice.
[2] minka ngampara deeply-hollowed-out cavern
[3] billi ngampara dilly-bag with large opening at the top end
[4] mandra ngampara hollow stomach
Idiom: i.e. a stomach containing little or no food.

Spelling: None

Context: e.g. when knocking against a hollow tree.

:

[1] koko ngampararina for a hollow tree to make a droning sound
[2] ngapa ngampararina for water to make a rushing sound
[3] marda ngampararina for a stone cave to echo
[4] mandra ngampararina for one's stomach to make a rumbling sound
[5] mangatandra ngampararina for one's head to be buzzing

Spelling: ngampi-rna

Spelling: ngampi-ipa-rna

Mythology: Kirlawilina girded himself with ornamentations in order to kill his kaka ( uncle).

:

[1] ngampu palina almost to die
[2] ngampu tintaterina almost to lose one's way; almost to become confused
[3] ngampu wapana almost to go
[4] Example:

ngampu tjutjujeli ngana matana warai
the snake almost bit me
[5] ngampu patana warai almost grabbed
[6] Example:

ngampu talara godana warai
it almost rained
[7] ngampu ngalpuru almost dark
[8] Example:

ngampu ditjita wiriji
the sun is almost setting
[9] Example:

ngampu jerkina warai
it almost burnt
[10] ngampu nandraterina [warai] almost to have killed oneself
Addition: Scherer added warayi here but the example is fine without it.
[11] ngampu butju nearly blind
[12] ngampu turarana to be nearly asleep
[13] Example:

ngampu minka bakuna warai
[he] almost finished digging out the hole
[14] Example:

ngampu woldra wokarai
hot weather (summer) is almost here
[15] Example:

ngampu jaura jatana warai
[he] almost said the words
[16] Example:

ngampu parawarana warai
[he] almost reached the point of delirium

Spelling: ngampu

[1] ngampu nandrana to almost kill
[2] ngampu patana to almost grab

Spelling: ngampu

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] ngampu marra likeminded people in common

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] ngampumarra with someone of a like mind
[2] ngampumarra competitors
Ethnography: the name by which players call themselves on each side, when competing against another team.
[3] ngampumarra male ceremony group
Ethnography: all the menfolk who are gathered together at a sacred ceremony, as distinct from the women.
[4] ngampumarra collaborators
Ethnography: all the menfolk who assist one another during a fight.

Mythology: The [followers] of Kakalbuna, who played together in two opposing teams, called themselves ngampumarra.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: ngamurru-ngamurru

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: ngamurru

Etymology: This word is a compound of ngama breast) and muru dry barren), signifying 'a sterile breast'. The implication is that the mother's breast, as far as the child is concerned, is dry so that the child can no longer drink because the mother is dead.

Context: [This word is used], in general, for anything that stands on its own, of whatever kind or species.

[1] kupa ngamuru orphaned child
[2] wolka ngamuru animal bereft of its parents
[3] paja ngamuru orphaned birds
[4] pita ngamuru orphan tree
Idiom: tree that stands solitary or alone.
[5] paratara ngamuru orphaned flat
Idiom: dry [waterless] plain.
[6] panto ngamuru orphaned lake
Idiom: dry, waterless lake.
[7] punga ngamuru orphaned wurley
Idiom: wurley that stands solitary, on its own.

Spelling: ngamurru-yitya

Context: e.g. the crows.

Mythology: Kujumokuna, who stood alone ngamuru in the world, was killed. He had nobody who was willing to support him.

Spelling: ngamurru-ri-ipa-rna

Context: by killing the father, after the mother has already died.

Spelling: ngamurru-ri-rna

Spelling: ngamurru-ri-rna tharri-rna

Context: i.e. to cut oneself off from one's relatives by going to another tribal territory.

Spelling: nganha

Grammar: personal pronoun accusative indicative. wata ngana patamai don't touch me!

Spelling: ngarna

Grammar: interjection indicating agreement.

Spelling: ngana-rna

Grammar: This is an auxiliary verb. Like every other verb, this word is conjugated by using the [normal] verbal endings.

[1] nganai is
Grammar: present tense. nauja ninkida nganai he is here
[2] nganana warai was (today)
[3] nganala wiri was (several days ago)
[4] nganana paraia was (several months ago)
[5] nganana wonti was (a long time ago)
[6] nganala nganai will be
[7] nganajati will otherwise be
Grammar: denunciative.
[8] ngananani if it is
Grammar: conditional.
[9] nganau! be!
[10] nganalumai! both be!
[11] ngananau! everybody be!
[12] nganananti would be
Grammar: subjunctive.
[13] nganalalu being
Grammar: gerund.
[14] Example:

woderi jura nganana warai?
where were you [plural] today?
[15] Example:

wolja tandra nganala nganai
there will soon be [some] fruit
[16] Example:

woderi jidni nganala wiri?
where were you yesterday?
[17] Example:

woderi jidni nganala wapaia?
where were you just now?
[18] Example:

woderi jidni nganana paraia?
where were you recently?
[19] Example:

woderi jidni nganana wonti?
where were you in those days?
[20] Example:

jidnita, mina nganala nganai?
you, what will become of you?
[21] mukali nganana to be sleepy
[22] tertieli nganana to be thirsty
[23] pungaia nganana to be inside a wurley
[24] kanani nganana to be among people

Spelling: ngana-ngana-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: ngana-ngana-ra-rna

Context: with one arriving after the other.

:

Spelling: None

Context: one who is incapable (of doing a certain thing).

:

[1] Example:

kana marapuni ngani ngandangandariji widla manila
because of (the objections of) many people I am unable to obtain a wife
[2] muntja ngandangandarina wapala for a sick man to be incapable of going
[3] ngandangandarina worana to be incapable of taking aim
Context: [i.e. of throwing a boomerang].
[4] ngandangandarina jatana to be unable to say
[5] ngandangandarina jinkina to be unable to give
[6] ngandangandarina burkana to be unable to wade through
[7] ngandangandarina bakuna to be unable to dig
[8] ngandangandarina manina to be unable to fetch
[9] ngandangandarina tarana to be unable to climb or ascend
[10] ngandangandarina wirina to be unable to enter
[11] ngandangandarina mukaturarana to be unable to sleep
[12] ngandangandarina wapana to be unable to go

Spelling: None

Context: of doing a certain thing.

Mythology: Nurawordubununa was incapable of returning, because he became blind.

Spelling: ngarndara

Grammar: feminine gender.

[1] panto ngandara end of a lake
[2] minka ngandara end of a tunnel
[3] wipa ngandara end of a valley
[4] patara ngandara end, extent, limit of gumtrees
[5] koko ngandara end of a cavity in a hollow tree
[6] paratara ngandara end of a hard plain [or claypan]
[7] mardapalara ngandara end of a gibber plain
[8] jaura ngandara extent of news
Context: limit of places to which news has penetrated.
[9] tidna ngandara extent of footprints
[10] palto ngandara end of road
[11] pirra ngandara edges of two length-sides of a coolamon
[12] talpa ngandara ears that are hard of hearing
[13] mita ngandara end of the earth
[14] billi ngandara selvage of a dilly-bag

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] ngandra wulu both thighs
[2] pita ngandra forked branch
[3] kajiri ngandra river delta
[4] panto ngandra lake that divides into two arms
[5] ngandra maru big strides
[6] ngandra wordu short steps
[7] ngandra wuldru narrow steps
Context: e.g. when a person does not place his feet far apart.
[8] palto ngandra forked road
Context: as when a track divides in two.

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: i.e. one who hangs around among a strange tribe.

Spelling: ngandri

Grammar: feminine gender.

Ethnography: Children of both sexes inherit the mardu totem of their mother.

[1]
Ethnography: All people in common, who belong to one and the same mardu [totem], call themselves ngandri kulno of one mother. All male members of the same mardu call each other neji marra brothers, and those of the female sex are kaku marra sisters in common.
[2] ngandri waka little mother
Ethnography: This is the sister of the child's mother, (and kaka the latter's brother).
[3] ngandria mita mother's country
Context: or ngandri marduka

Ethnography: place where one's mother was born and reared.
[4] ngandria mita one's own motherland
Ethnography: place where I myself was born and reared.
[5]
Ethnography: The sun is defined as ngandri, because she is kana jerto, that is, one who satisfies people.
[6] ngapa ngandri water mother
Idiom: very large waterhole; [a main waterhole].
[7] minka ngandri main entrance to an animal warren
[8] nganti ngandri female animal
[9] paja ngandri hen bird
[10] kindala ngandri female dog, bitch
[11] warukati ngandri female [or mother] emu
[12] kudna ngandri mother of the intestines
Idiom: stomach.
[13] mara ngandri thumb of the hand
[14] tidna ngandri big toe
[15] turu ngandri fire mother
Idiom: stick which is twirled between the hands for making fire.
[16] pirra ngandri largest of coolamons
[17] marda ngandri lower millstone
[18] mirka ngandri ant queen
[19] padi ngandri butterfly which lays grubs' eggs
[20] palto ngandri well-trodden main track
[21] jadi ngandri distaff; spindle
[22] jama ngandri large net

Spelling: None

Etymology: composed of ngandri mother, child, and -ni she, means 'mother that is always sitting among her little ones (children)'.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] pita ngandru clump of trees
[2] kana ngandru crowd of people
[3] turu ngandru heap of firewood
[4] nganti ngandru mob (pack) of animals
[5] billi ngandru heap of net-bags
[6] mirka ngandru heap (mob) of ants
[7] winkara ngandru extensive flat overgrown with 'winkara' [bushes]
[8] paua ngandru heap of [edible] seed
[9] punga ngandru cluster of numerous wurleys
[10] paja ngandru flight [or flock] of birds
[11] marda ngandru heap of stones
[12] ngandru ngankana to build a heap
[13] kanta ngandru lot of grass in one area
[14] paru ngandru shoal of fish
[15] kapi ngandru heap of many eggs
[16] ngandrujeli najina for a host to see
Context: for many people to be watching.
[17] ngandrujeli nandrana for a crowd to kill
Context: for many to assist in the killing [of a man].

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: as in No. 1989.

:

[1] turu ngandruribana to collect a heap of firewood
[2] marda ngandruribana to amass [or collect] a heap of stones

:

[1] kana ngandrurina for people to congregate
Context: i.e. for many people to come together.
[2] paltuni tidna ngandrurina for footprints to multiply
Context: i.e. become more and more numerous.

Spelling: nganhi

Grammar: personal pronoun nominative singular, used with intransitive verbs. ngani wapala nganai I shall go

Spelling: nganhi-ka

Grammar: personal pronoun, selective form. Reuther: "auslesende Redeweise". nganika tanangu marapuni japanguru of all of them I am fearless

Spelling: nganhi-ku

Grammar: personal pronoun subj. Reuther: "Conj" for Konjunktiv 'subjunctive mood'. nganiko kara poto jinkani manina warai? may I possibly have taken your things?

Spelling: nganhi-tha

Grammar: personal pronoun nominative singular, expressing certainty. nganita ngamala nganai I shall certainly be staying

:

Spelling: ngarnka

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] nganka njurdu chin-bone hairs
Context: beard. For the sake of brevity merely nganka is also used for beard.
[2] nganka wokaribana to pluck out one's beard
[3] nganka pajiri long beard
[4] nganka wordu short beard
[5] nganka katukatu wide, round beard
[6] nganka piri double beard
Context: i.e. when a beard is divided into two parts.
[7] nganka balu naked chin-bone
Context: i.e. no beard; beardless.
[8]
[9] nganka warina for a beard to sprout
Context: i.e. to start growing.
[10] nganka pititjerkana to prop up one's chin with both hands
[11] nganka kurinjawiliwili goatee beard
[12] nganka walbumaralje bleached, pale-reddish beard
[13] nganka moku beard comprising matted clumps [of hair]; matted beard
[14] nganka butu bushy beard
[15] nganka parumana to drag along by the beard
Context: This is a figure of speech, meaning 'to put such verbal pressure on a man that he goes along'.
[16] nganka matana to bite one's beard
Context: When a man is really cross, he takes [or bends back] his beard into his mouth and bites it.
[17] nganka waru grey beard
[18] nganka marda stony beard
Context: i.e. when, following upon a period of mourning, there are still clumps of gypsum clinging to a [man's] beard.

Spelling: nganka-lha-rlu

Spelling: nganka-rna

[1] kana ngankana to work on people
Context: i.e. to persuade, convince; exhort, encourage; call, send, silence. It implies everything, in fact, that can exercise an influence on others.
[2] punga ngankana to construct, repair, or clean out a wurley
[3] paua ngankana to produce seed
Context: i.e. to pluck the stalks, flay, winnow, and grind the seed, to stage the invocatory songs [for the increase of seed], or to enchant [the seed].
[4] talara ngankana to produce rain
Ethnography: i.e. to repeat to "the deity" the invocatory songs of the muramura on behalf of rain.
[5] warukati ngankana to produce emus
Ethnography: i.e. (as in No.4) to work on "the deity" with the [appropriate] ritual of the muramura, on behalf of emus, to go on an emu-hunt; to chase emus.
[6] watara ngankana to produce wind
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5.
[7] paru ngankana to produce or make fish
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5.
[8] woma ngankana to produce 'woma'
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5.
[9] kapiri ngankana to produce lizards
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5.
[10] kapi ngankana to produce eggs, to lay eggs
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5.
[11] muluru ngankana to produce caterpillars, to collect, roast caterpillars
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5.
[12] kudnijinka ngankana to produce wood grubs, to gather or roast wood grubs
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5.
[13] pildra ngankana to produce opossums
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5.

Context: also to hunt or roast opossums, and to process their fur.
[14] paljangani ngankana to produce [a kind of] resin
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5.
[15] ngulji ngankana to produce [a kind of] resin
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5.
[16] jaua ngankana to produce small, wild onions
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5; also to dig up wild onions, clean and roast them, or rub off the peel.
[17] winkara ngankana to produce [a type of] grass
Ethnography: as in Nos. 4 and 5.
[18] manjura ngankana to produce 'manjura' plants
[19] worduru ngankana to produce a [kind of] edible root
[20] kuntjiri ngankana to produce a [type of] edible plant
[21] danju ngankana to produce a type of berry
[22] majaru ngankana to produce rats
[23] mura ngankana to make the deity
Ethnography: to perform the rituals Reuther: "die Formen". and totemic songs at the sacred ceremonies, Reuther: "Goetterfeierlichkeiten" like the muramura performed them once upon a time, in order to acquire for the preservation of physical life something that was not yet in existence. In this connection it is also customary to say: ninaka mura this ceremony Reuther: "diesen Gott" 'this deity'). i.e. to perform, in the presence of the deity, the ritual of the particular muramura concerned, in order to acquire something or another which is needed for this temporal life.
[24] kindala ngankana to produce dogs
Context: also to incite, provoke, or spur them on.
[25] kapita ngankana to produce 'kapita'
[26] paja ngankana to produce birds' (eggs)
Context: also to gather them.
[27] pirra ngankana to make coolamons
Context: to manufacture them and finish them off.
[28] jama ngankana to weave [fishing] nets
[29] mita ngankana to make ground
Idiom: to decide on a place to meet.
[30] ngura ngankana to establish camp
[31] muntja ngankana to make (someone) ill; to cast a magic spell over (someone)
[32] wima ngankana to stage a ceremonial song
[33] ngoku ngankana to cause vomiting
Idiom: to cause people to become sick and to vomit, by singing an [evil] chant.
[34] milkijiltja ngankana to enchant with a headache
[35] kudnakudna ngankana to enchant with diarrhoea
[36] tupu ngankana to cause smoke
[37] kutu ngankana to dig out a hole
[38] dako ngankana to blow [up] into a sandhill; to blow on to a sandhill
[39] manatandra ngankana to knock out teeth
[40] ditji ngankana to make the sun
Context: to sing the totemic song of the sun, so that it gets very hot.
[41] malti ngankana to make cool
Context: to cool things off a little.
[42] materi ngankana to make into a man
Context: to circumcise
[43] malka ngankana to mark with symbols, to decorate [the body]
[44] pirri ngankana to inscribe [or engrave] symbols on weapons
[45] mudla ngankana to rub one's nose
[46] kinka ngankana to cause to laugh; to incite to laughter
[47] jinka ngankana to twist into string [or yarn]
[48] nganpa ngankana to make a pubic covering
[49] tjarapu ngankana to weave a head-band
[50] billi ngankana to weave a dilly-bag
[51] tapa ngankana to inflict a wound
[52] kima ngankana to produce a swelling
Context: a snake's poison may bring this about.
[53] wata ngankana to do nothing, not to tell someone anything
[54] miljaru ngankana to darken (something)
[55] ditji ngankana to cause the sun to set quickly by chanting an invocatory song
[56] pirra ngankana to cause the moon to rise quickly
[57] wirdi ngankana to lengthen (something)
[58] mikiri ngankana to dig down deep; to deepen
[59] wordu ngankana to shorten (something)
[60] buru ngankana to acquire by barter; to purchase
[61] kajiri ngankana to wash out a creek, to undermine a creek
[62] juri ngankana to stretch lengthwise
[63] jundra ngankana to send away
[64] pilki ngankana to do (something) differently
[65] jelali ngankana to do things together; to work hand-in-hand; to cooperate
[66] nari ngankana to kill; to stay with a patient until he dies
[67] putuku ngankana greedily to keep everything together
[68] maraia ngankana to place into another's hands; to hand over
[69] milkila ngankana to instruct, to indoctrinate, to inform (make wise)
[70] ko ngankana to work on the ignorant
Context: so that they become informed.
[71] karku ngankana to produce ochre
Context: also to prepare ochre, burn it, soak it, or paint it on.
[72] mana ngankana to make a doorway; to remove an entrance [to another side of the wurley]
[73] palto ngankana to tread a [new] path; to blaze a new trail
Context: to go by another route.
[74] jerto ngankana to satisfy, to satiate
[75] maua ngankana to give rise to hunger
Context: drought brings this about.
[76] manju ngankana to soften; to soothe; to compose
[77] tjika ngankana to do wrongly
[78] bulu ngankana unable to do
[79] waka ngankana to make smaller; to reduce in size
[80] maru ngankana to enlarge; to widen, to extend
[81] wuldru ngankana to narrow down, to restrict
[82] pirna ngankana to enlarge; to rear (children)
[83] ninta ngankana to make ashamed
[84] noa ngankana to treat as wife, to make a wife
Context: to provide for (someone).
[85] pilpa ngankana to send from one place to another
[86] kandri ngankana to collect resin
[87] kalara ngankana to prepare a stone-axe, to make a stone-axe, to manufacture a stone-axe
[88] talja ngankana to collect (a certain kind of) resin
[89] kumari ngankana to make blood
Idiom: to beat [or fight] until blood flows
[90] muka ngankana to lull to sleep
[91] pinti ngankana to give a name to
Idiom: a child.
[92] burka ngankana to sadden; to grieve
[93] japali ngankana to frighten, to intimidate
[94] witta ngankana to form steps
Idiom: to plan a thing and carry it out.
[95] walto ngankana to weaken; to open
Context: e.g. a dilly-bag, etc.
[96] nguru ngankana to fasten; to tie up, to tie shut
[97] mati ngankana to make heavy
Idiom: to make sure of something; to certify, to ensure.
[98] bururu ngankana to fill with air; to enlarge
[99] kaldri ngankana to make bitter; to make angry
[100] jutju ngankana to make responsible; to place under an obligation; to bind by duty
[101] purla ngankana to fatten
Context: e.g. a lot of grass fattens caterpillars.
[102] turu ngankana to make fire; to fan coals into flame
[103] milki ngankana to make an eye
Idiom: to poke in the eye
[104] ngara ngankana to make a heart
Idiom: to suspect (something); to infer (something) from a statement or action.
[105] manaia ngankana to put into one's mouth
[106] ngalaraia ngankana to make for the sand
Idiom: to persuade someone not to want to walk on stones, but on sand
[107] minkaia ngankana to close a hole or grave, to bury
[108] minka ngankana to dig a hole or grave
[109] katu ngankana to erect a windbreak, to set up a windbreak
[110] marda ngankana to make a millstone, to prepare a millstone
[111] mankina ngankana to give pleasure
[112] muja ngankana to dry something out
Context: [Used in reference to humans].
[113] tjanka ngankana to soften; to soak, to dampen
[114] maru ngankana to make black; to blacken
[115] paraitji ngankana to brighten
[116] nunku ngankana to darken; to quench a fire
[117] burru ngankana to wash away
[118] buraka ngankana to dry something out
Context: not used in reference to humans, which is muja ngankana, but in respect to the sun which dries out the ground, for example.
[119] puntu ngankana to pierce a nasal septum
[120] minka buru ngankana to dig out an entire hole; to dig to the end of a tunnel
[121] wilpa ngankana to puncture with holes; to perforate
[122] kurikirra ngankana to form a rainbow
Context: this the rain does.
[123] mina ngankana? what's to be done? what shall I do?
[124] worderu ngankana how do it? how shall it be done?
[125] mandamanda ngankana to wrap or tie a belt around [oneself]
[126] palku ngankana to make a body
Idiom: to cut up the body (of hunted animals); also to eat the meat off the bones
[127] dia ngankana to make a boundary, to determine a boundary
[128] kutja ngankana to make feathers
Context: to strip feathers for a [ceremonial] decoration.
[129] turuturu ngankana to make hot
[130] tepi ngankana to liven up
Context: to cheer a saddened person up again.

Grammar: All intransitive verbs and idiomatic expressions are transitivised in this way, by means of ngankana. On the whole, such word combinations are a peculiar feature of the language.

Spelling: nganka-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: nganka-rna-yitya

Spelling: ngarnka-nthu

Spelling: ngarnka-nthu-lha

Ethnography: This is the name given to [young] men who are already growing a beard, but are not yet circumcised. The beard is plucked out on the occasion of every mindiri festival, or when collecting ochre, or when a man's wife has died, or when a man has a premonition that he is about to be killed ("murdered").

Spelling: ngarnka-ri-rna

Context: i.e. when the beard is beginning to grow.

Spelling: nganka-tharri-rna

Spelling: nganka-iyirpa-rna

[1] muntja ngankijirbana to care for a sick person
[2] tapa ngankijirbana to inflict a wound on someone
[3] jama ngankijirbana to get a fishing-net ready for someone
[4] billi ngankijirbana to prepare a dilly-bag for someone
[5] mita ngankijirbana to prepare the ground
Context: The rain does this, so that edible plants [can] grow.
[6] kana ngankijirbana to equip men

Spelling: nganka-inga-rna

[1] kana ngankingana to let people know
[2] poto ngankingana to gather one's goods and chattels
Context: in readiness for a walkabout.
[3] ngura ngankingana to prepare a camp
Context: to kindle a fire and erect a windbreak, etc.
[4] jama ngankingana to prepare or restore a fishing-net
Context: to patch up holes, and to fetch posts on which to fasten the net.
[5] pita ngankingana to keep weapons in readiness
Context: for an attack.
[6] paua ngankingana to get seed ready for pounding
[7] bukataia ngankingana to make preparations for collecting ochre
[8] muraia ngankingana to make preparations for a sacred ceremony

Spelling: nganpa

Grammar: feminine gender.

Ethnography: These are made of hair from animal skins, and are woven into strands. They are worn less by women than by men. S. Gason (in The Manners and Customs of the Dieyerie Tribe) spells the word unpa and describes it as "a bunch of tassels, made from the fur of rats and wallaby, worn by the natives to cover their private parts. They are in length 6in. to 3ft. long, according to the age of the wearer".

:

Spelling: None

Ethnography: This is done when the men are returning home from a vendetta.

Spelling: nganthi

Context: All creatures whose flesh is eaten, are called nganti.

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] warukati emu
[2] woma large snake, non-venomous snake
[3] kapiri type of goanna
[4] kadni type of lizard
[5] tjukuru kangaroo
[6] kantu type of opossum
[7] kanunka type of opossum
[8] pildra type of opossum
[9] majaru [type of] rat
[10] kapita type of opossum
[11] jikaura wild [or native] cat
[12] mardakura type of rat
[13] kokula type of rat
[14] paljara type of extinct animal
Context: like the kapita, [i.e. a type of opossum] but now extinct.
[15] kudnajapu type of rat
[16] ngaratji type of animal
[17] kalkama type of extinct rat
[18] kurka type of rat
[19] kuralta type of extinct animal
[20] turu kangaroo-like animal that inhabits stony hill [sides]
[21] putatja opossum-like [animal]
[22] mari [a scrub-wallaby]
[23] kauri [type of mouse or rat]
[24] kalta type of lizard
Addition: This is the 'sleepy lizard' or 'shingleback'.
[25] jidna type of lizard
[26] tukalitajini type of animal
[27] ngurani type of mouse
[28] karapana type of rat
[29] milkiparalja type of mouse
[30] punta common mouse
[31] manamatju type of rat
[32] nili type of mouse
[33] kindala dog
[34] kutarintji type of extinct "ostrich"
[35] tidnawarukatji extinct wolf
[36] jatamanjimanji type of wild cat
[37] manguntara type of opossum
Context: like the kapita, now extinct
[38] kalanta black and white rat
Context: similar to the house rat.
[39] kultji type of (extinct) rat
[40] pandipandi extinct wolf
[41] katiwaru type of lizard
[42] muntuka type of animal
[43] murlati [type of lizard]
[44] womparkura type of animal
[45] tjilkani type of animal
[46] maritiri type of animal
[47] buljuru type of animal
[48] minkatjina type of animal
[49] ngulkumitinti [a type of lizard]
[50] mardakatakata type of animal
[51] tjupatjupa [type of lizard]
[52] pataramuru type of goanna
[53] pikiri type of animal
[54] mintinga type of animal
[55] marikilla snake
Xref: No. 1389, No. 1522-13
[56] mitinti [type of snake]
[57] wonduru [type of snake]
[58] wiparu [poisonous type of snake]
[59] wirawirarula [type of snake]
[60] mudlana type of animal
[61] pirinti type of lizard
[62] watari kangaroo rat
[63] kuri mussel; shellfish
[64] tidnamara type of frog
[65] karlatiri type of [frog]
[66] kidnikutiri type of [frog]
[67] mundrupa type of animal
[68] pirra type of animal

Spelling: nganthi-lha

Context: i.e. a flesh-eater.

Spelling: nganthi-nganthi-nthu

Ethnography: people tainted with [human] flesh, who have often helped to kill a man. See Dictionary No. 848 Since they are regarded as unclean after a killing [incident], they are not allowed to eat any fish, wade through water, go down into a [soakage-]well, touch any seed or a millstone or child, approach any woman, contact anything at all that is edible, or be caught out in the bush during a rainstorm, lest they be struck by lightning. First their hands must be rubbed in by other folk with whatever they [intend to] eat, e.g. fish-fat, and their bodies be first smeared with fat and red ochre. Note: There is no hint [or suggestion] here of ngantirina meaning to turn into an animal.

Spelling: nganthi-ri-ipa-rna

Context: i.e. to slay or kill a man.

Spelling: nganthi-ri-rna

Ethnography: This is said with regard to a person who has just died: kana matja ngantirina warai that person has already turned to flesh . A strange manner of speech!.

:

mura ngantjalu ngaianani nganai
our love is the sacred ceremony, or [more] correctly: we love the staging of the ceremony and to perform the [sacred] rituals (form) of the 'muramura'

Spelling: ngantya-rna

Context: especially in the sense of wanting.

[1] ngaperi ngantjana to love one's father
[2] neji ngantjana to love one's elder brother
[3] noa ngantjana to love one's spouse
[4] ngandri ngantjana to love one's mother
[5] mita ngantjana to love the country
[6] ngapa ngantjana to like water; to want [some] water
[7] nganti ngantjana to like meat; to want [some] meat
[8] muka ngantjana to like sleep; to want to sleep
[9] jaura ngantjana to want information
[10] kapi ngantjana to want [some] eggs
[11] paua ngantjana to want seed
[12] turu ngantjana to like [some] firewood
[13] punga ngantjana to like a wurley
[14] kindala ngantjana to like a dog
[15] jinka ngantjana to like [some] string
[16] wima ngantjana to like a totemic song
[17] paru ngantjana to like fish

:

[1] ngaperani ngantjaterina to long for one's father
[2] ngantini ngantjaterina to crave for meat
[3] potuni ngantjaterina to want (certain) things

:

Spelling: ngapa

Grammar: masculine gender.

Grammar: in contrast to feminine

[8] kajiri ngapa floodwater
[9] ngapa kudna waterhole
[10] ngapa wirari water standing out in the open, unsurrounded by bush
[11] ngapa kumari water devoid of fish
Context: e.g. when there is a sudden downpour of rain.
[12] ngapa pillapilla clear water
[13] ngapa bulu whitish water
Context: when it is flowing over limestony country.
[14] ngapa miljamilja water that covers the whole countryside
[15] ngapa kaldri bitter, brackish, salty water
[16] ngapa mardu sweet, [fresh, soft] water
[17] ngapatjanka damp, moist, wet

Spelling: ngapa

Grammar: feminine gender.

[1] panto ngapa lake water
[2] paratara ngapa water that accumulates on a hard flat claypan
[3] talara ngapa rain-water
[4] kuluwa ngapa water that is derived from 'kuluwa' roots
[5] ngapa jukari spring-water
[6] ngapa karlijerra water that stands amidst scrub
[7] ngapa pitjiri soakage-water

Spelling: ngapa kudna

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: ngapa-lha

Context: eg. a person who drowned (died) in the water, a person who has been thoroughly drenched, someone who has taken fish out of the water, all aquatic creatures.

Spelling: ngapa-rlu

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: None

Etymology: Derived from ngapa water, munari slope, incline; bank and -na he, meaning 'one that digs its hole on the sloping bank near the water's edge'.

Spelling: ngapa-ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: ngapa-ri-rna

[1] mita ngaparina for the ground to get wet
[2] punga ngaparina for a wurley to get wet, when water trickles inside
[3] manu ngaparina for one's temperament to get wet
Idiom: for [the spirits] to grow ever more joyful and gayful.
[4] ngaparina ngarina to get moist and go down
Idiom: It is customary to say this when food is very tasty.
[5] pitjiri billi ngaparina for the tobacco dillybag to get wct
[6] tidna ngaparina for the feet to get wet
[7] palku ngaparina for one's body to get wet
Idiom: for gooseflesh to stand up
[8] tjilpitjilpila ngaparina for someone to become friendly after being unfriendly
[9] jatana ngaparina to mean everybody, to exclude no one

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: derived from ngapa water and wiriljera to move. When the leaves [of this plant] move in a light breeze, they whisper like water on the surface [of the lake].

Spelling: ngapiRi

Grammar: masculine gender.

Grammar: Also ngapili. ngaperi [is used] when the person [referred to] is in close proximity, ngapili when he is at a remote distance.

Addition: Reuther's grammar suggests that 'ngapili' is the transitive subject form of the word for 'father', not that it indicates distance.

[1] Example:

ngaperali ngakanali kirra dakala nganai
my father will manufacture a boomerang

Context: Here the father is near-by.
[2] Example:

ngapiri wolja tikala nganai
father will soon return
[3] Example:

ngapili ngana wata nandrala nganai
father will not scold me
[4] ngaperi waka small father
Ethnography: These are the brothers of the child's father, i.e. his uncles.
[5] pita ngaperi wood father
Idiom: very long spear.
[6]
Mythology: Darana named the mura ngaperi in his ceremonial songs. See the Darana legend at the back of Volume X (wima 168, 170, 171, 172, 173 and 175, etc.).
[7] mara ngaperi hand father
Idiom: index finger.
[8] tidna ngaperi long [middle] toe
Context: The big toe is the 'mother'.
[9] kindala ngaperi father dog
Context: i.e. male dog. Thus in the case of all male animals.
[10] dako ngaperi sandhill father
Idiom: biggest sandhill.
[11] ngapa ngaperi father water
Idiom: clear floodwater. Muddy water is ngapa ngandri mother water.
[12] marda ngaperi hill father
Idiom: the biggest hill (mountain or range).
[13] kanta ngapiri punkana for grass father to grow
Idiom: for a lot of grass to be growing.
[14] malka ngaperi father symbol
Idiom: very broad stripe painted on the body.
[15] ngapiri pani father without
Context: to have no father.
[16] minka ngaperi hole father
Idiom: very large or deep hole or animal warren.
[17] muntja ngapiri sickness father
Idiom: very serious and horrible disease or epidemic, causing a lot of people to die.
[18] ngaperaia mangini father's occupation
Ethnography: to educate the young, to teach the legends, to fetch fish, to hunt game, to teach boys to handle weapons, to build wurleys, to manufacture weapons, to supervise tribal boundaries, etc.

Spelling: ngapitya

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: This word is a compound of ngarangara heart and pitjana to sieve, to sift, to clean, i.e. 'to sift the seed in the coolamon from the chaff'. [The word] means: 'to sift the heart', i.e. to leave the body lie, while the heart (the soul) betakes itself outside of the body during a dream.

Ethnography: In this connection the women possess particular agility in rocking (swinging) the coolamon [to and fro].

[1] ngapitja patana to grasp a dream
Idiom: to have a dream; to be given a dream; to dream.

Ethnography: During a dream the soul is considered to be active outside of the body, [so that] the things seen in a dream are nothing more than the activity of the soul while it is absent from the body.
[2] ngapitjali najina to see by means of a dream, to see in (or through) a dream
Ethnography: But see what? Answer: the devil. It is believed in this case that, in the course of its nocturnal wanderings, the soul has come [too] near the devil and caught sight of him. The point is that during the night the devil is lying in wait for souls which are absent from their bodies.
[3] ngapitjali ngapa tapana to drink water in a dream
Ethnography: When a man camps without water during the summer, and dreams [at night] that he is drinking water, it is assumed the soul has gone on ahead as far as the water [hole] and has satisfied its thirst. In such a case one feels revived next morning, until water is [eventually] reached and the [real] body has had a drink. Thus the 'drinking' of the soul is beneficial to the body as well.
[4] ngapitja walto tired dream
Ethnography: If a man has had a dream and is still tired next morning because of it, it is believed that the soul received a shock and quickly and anxiously therefore ran back to the body; by so doing it has become very tired, and therefore the body is also tired next morning. If someone sleeps longer than usual in the morning, he is not wakened, for it is considered he may have had a 'tired dream'. At all events, a person is wakened [only] very gradually and gently, for his soul may have gone extremely far away, and consequently would not be able to get back at once. In such an event, if the person were wakened [too] suddenly, the body would die.
[5] ngapitjali mita ngumu najina to see in a dream a beautiful country
Ethnography: This time the soul has been far, far away and has seen a beautiful, though otherwise CHECK country. A man feels elated at this and relates the dream with [obvious] delight.
[6] ngapitjali tiririna to have an argument in a dream
Ethnography: This time the soul, in the course of its nocturnal wandering, has become embroiled in an argument with other souls, or even with the devil. If, during that time, the dreamer has had anxious feelings, then the soul has [either] suffered defeat or has only just battled its way through. Consequently, the body is very tired next morning, so that the person lies longer [in bed], in order to recover, together with his soul.
[7] Example:

ngapitja ngali tiririna warai nuluka kanali, ngani karari muntja
in [my] dream I wrangled with this (particular) person; now I feel sick

Ethnography: If one man is afraid of another, entertaining fears that the latter may bewitch him, and it so transpires that he has an argument with him in a dream, this is a sure indication that the two souls have fallen foul of each other in the dream. The soul has seen the bewitching activities of the sorcerer by night. This man [therefore] gets quite ill and dies. During his illness his mind imagines all sorts of things; he also mentions the name of his sorcerer. The relatives take note of this, so that after the death of the bewitched man the alleged sorcerer falls victim to the blood-avengers.
[8] ngapitja karina to run after a dream, to pursue a dream, to execute a dream
Ethnography: If a sick man has had a dream, in which he saw his alleged sorcerer, then the sorcerer in question is killed (as we have seen in [7]).
[9] ngapitja multina to soak a dream
Context: to make a dream wet, to stick a dream in water.

Ethnography: [Supposing] someone gets sick. He knows that he has to die and also who bewitched him, but he would like to get well. The patient tells his friend to send his (i.e. the patient's) wife to fetch a magic bone. She goes. The men (people) in that camp know what this signifies, namely, that if they don't give her a bone, vengeance will be eked out on them. [Yet] they have the right to fornicate with the woman concerned. Since she is not allowed to see a [magic] bone, one is wrapped up and sent back with her. The friend accepts it, tells the patient, and casts the bone into some water, whereby it is rendered harmless. Joyfully the patient ponders the thought day and night that he is now going to recover. In a dream he sees the bone cast into the water, and convalesces.
[10] ngapitja muja confused dream
Ethnography: In this case the dreamer did not have a clear vision of the dream. This was occasioned by the fact that the soul was being chased by the devil, so that it had to hurry; consequently it was not able to have a thorough look around.
[11] ngapitjali nari najina to see a dead man in a dream
Ethnography: If a person dreams that somebody here or [there] is sick or has died, it is assumed that the soul has visited the spot and seen it. Some definite news of the death is then awaited.
[12] ngapitjali pinga najina to see oncoming blood-avengers in a dream
Ethnography: These have been sighted by the night-wandering soul. It is believed that [this soul] has met up with the souls [of the avengers] or [at least] with one of their number. In that event the blood-avenger troop turns back, for it knows that the soul in question has seen them, that is to say, its corresponding body has had this dream and therefore they can no longer lodge a secret attack. If there have been no dreams on either side, that is to say, if the night-wandering souls have not met each other, this is a sure indication that everything is [still shrouded] in secrecy.
[13] ngapitja buru without a dream
Ethnography: a patient has had no dream, or, better: the soul of the patient has not seen the sorcerer of its body. Either the patient dies of his own accord (because of fornication), or the sorcerer has buried the death-bone in the ground. Were he to carry it around in his dilly-bag, the soul would have seen it, respectively would have dreamt about it. In this case an inquest will decide the issue.
[14] Example:

ngani ngapitja jeribaka jatala nganai nunkangu
I shall tell him straight to his face
[15] ngapitjali wima patana to receive a song in a dream
Ethnography: If a night-wandering soul meets up with another soul - its body having died - which is now on its way to Palkarakarani, the [latter] may possibly sing to it a ceremonial song. The [body or person] concerned Reuther: "der betreffende", thus omitting the required noun. Implied is obviously "der Leib", for it is the body that dreams. The syntax here is weak, for the author then continues as though he has already referred to the person concerned. now dreams about this. Next morning he rehearses the song to himself and then teaches it to others.
[16] ngapitja ngumu good dream

Spelling: ngapitya-yitya

Spelling: ngapitya-lha

Context: sick man who, in the heat of fever, keeps on imagining things.

Spelling: ngapitya-lha-rlu

Spelling: ngapitya-ri-ipa-rna

Ethnography: The devil does this, while following the soul around.

Spelling: ngapitya-ri-rna

:

Spelling: ngapu

[1] kana ngapu bet man
Addition: Check the translation of this entry in the original manuscript.
[2] jaura ngapu without a word
[3] watara ngapu quiet breeze
[4] talara ngapu silent rain
Context: rain without storm or thunder.
[5] mana ngapu silent mouth
[6] ngapu ngamana to sit in silence
Context: not to speak.
[7] ngapujeli najina to watch in silence
[8] ngapu terkakana to get up in silence
Context: and walk away.
[9] ngapujeli manina to take in silence; to take along without saying anything
[10] ngapujeli tajina to eat in silence
[11] ngapu karipaterina to follow in silence

Spelling: ngapu-yitya

Spelling: ngapu-lha

Spelling: ngapa-lha-rlu

Spelling: ngapu-ri-ipa-rna

[1] potujeli ngapuribana to put to silence with gifts ("things")
[2] watara ngapuribana to calm down wind
Ethnography: by chanting a totemic song.
[3] mandikilla ngapuribana to calm waves
Ethnography: by the chanting an invocatory song.
[4] talara ngapuribana to stop rain
Ethnography: by means of the invocatory songs of Darana.
[5] ngara ngapuribana to pacify the heart, to dispel fear
[6] kupa ngapuribana to silence a child
[7] ngapuribana nandrana to put to silence by killing
Context: to kill a man so that he is forced into silence.
[8] kanku ngapuribana to force young men to silence
Ethnography: This duty is imposed upon them during circumcision, because they are here being initiated into the [tribal] mysteries.

Spelling: ngapu-ri-rna

Spelling: ngapu-ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: ngaRa

Context: (a) in the fully natural sense; and(b) as the obvious agent of the conscience.

[1] ngara katakatangana for the heart to thump (out of fear)

ngato ngujamai ngarali ngakanali, kana ngakangu tiri, ngara ngakani katakatangai, ngato ngantjai kutingana, jelaua ngara ngururila
I know in my [own] heart that people are hostile towards me (threatening to kill me), for it is thumping hard, (an inner fear overwhelms me); therefore I prefer to go away, so that I may regain peace of mind elsewhere
[2] ngara burka broken heart; anxious and worried conscience

ngara ngani burka, ngato ngantjai wapana, tanali ngana nandraiati
my mind (heart) is deeply worried; therefore I prefer to go away, otherwise I fear they will kill me
[3] Example:

ngarali ngato ngujamai, ngakangu jelaia pitata wapala wapaia
I have that anxious feeling in my heart that armed men are approaching me from somewhere
Context: to kill me.
[4] ngarali ngujamana to perceive in one's heart; to have a premonition

ngarali ngakanali ngato ngujamai, kana kamaneli ngakani wokarala nganai
I have in my heart the premonition that my friends will be coming

Context: or that pinga ngakangu wokarala nganai I am going to be overtaken by a group of blood-avengers
[5] ngarali ngururina in the heart to grow stronger
Idiom: to banish qualms of conscience. ninkida ngani japajapa ngamai, wata muka ngakangu parai ngakani ngankanandru, ngani wapala nganai ngara ngururila here I frightened am sitting, not sleep towards me lies because of my doings, I go will heart to grow stronger I am sitting here in great fear over my past [mis]deeds, so that I cannot sleep; I shall go away in order to banish my qualms of conscience

Ethnography: When a man, conscious of whiling away his [last] days in the presence of his fellow-tribesmen, felt too cowardly to escape death by running away, he decorated himself during the day in his own peculiar ceremonial attire, in order to be able to face death at the hand of [his] killers. Such men are called japa nguru fear strong, i.e. fearless, or burkanguru remorse strong (remorseless); they subdue the accusations of conscience and do not shrink from death. A death like that is regarded as a heroic one.
[6] ngara jatana for the heart to say
Idiom: for the conscience to speak. ngara ngakani jatai, ngani wolja nari, ngana wolja nandrala nganai kanali, ngopera ngato ninaka nandraia heart mine says, I soon dead, me soon kill will men; first I him N.N. killed my inner voice tells me that I will soon be slain at the hands of men; at first I helped to kill N.N.
[7] ngara ngamana for the heart to sit down
Idiom: to relax; to take a rest.
[8] ngara pilki another heart
Idiom: other feelings; another opinion; other ideas.
[9] ngara worita heart far away
Idiom: i.e. to be far away in one's thoughts; for one's thoughts to stray.
[10] ngara waluwalungana for a heart to be agitated
Idiom: by anger, sorrow, or thirst.
[11] ngara tapa heart wound
Idiom: wounded heart. kupa ngakani nari, ngara ngani tapa, wata ngato ngantjai jatana child mine dead, heart I wound, not I like to speak my child is dead; hence my heart is wounded, so that I don't want to speak
[12] ngararankana to breathe quickly; to puff, to pant, to breathe hard; to gasp for air
[13] ngara patipatibana to agitate the heart, to ruffle the heart, to give the heart no respite
[14] ngara dulja ngankana to scatter the heart
Idiom: to confuse the mind, ordering a person now to do this, now to do that.
[15] ngaramarana to be attached to; to be infatuated by, to be enchanted by
[16] ngaratupungana to tie the heart together
Idiom: to get furious.
[17] ngara jerkina for the heart to burn
Idiom: to be angry.
[18] ngara wordu short heart
Idiom: heart that is readily stirred up (to fight); also to be in the throes of death.
[19] ngara papiranto heart that does not readily flare up
[20] ngara walto tired heart
Idiom: i.e. to be tired.
[21] ngara pakina heart explode
Idiom: to be deeply shocked at the news that someone has died.
[22] ngara nankaterina to oppress the heart
Idiom: i.e. to suppress one's feelings.
[23] ngara malti ngankana to cool down the heart
[24] ngara warlawarlarina to suffer a heart spasm
[25] ngara tapina to carry out one's idea or resolution
[26] ngara japali timid heart

Spelling: ngaRa-yitya

Spelling: ngaRa-rna

Grammar: In this instance ngara heart has been verbalised.

[1] jaura ngarana to hear words
[2] pinti ngarana to hear a rumour
[3] kuma ngarana to hear news of a death
[4] muntja ngarana to hear of an illness
[5] mirtja ngarana to hear shouting
[6] kanta ngarana to hear about lots of edible plants
[7] ngapa ngarana to hear of water
[8] kunngara ngarana to hear a rushing or swishing sound
[9] mana kunngara ngarana to hear the murmuring of lips, to hear whispering
[10] watara ngarana to hear the wind
[11] tari ngarana to hear [the rustling of] footsteps
Context: when walking on dry leaves.
[12] mandikilla ngarana to hear waves
[13] kanpu ngarana to hear the beating of time
[14] wima ngarana to hear singing
Context: [or a song].
[15] pildripildri ngarana to hear thunder
[16] mura ngarana to hear sacred chanting
[17] kata ngarana to hear a sound or echo
[18] nganti kanpuru ngarana to hear the pitter-patter of animal feet
[19] bungatutu ngarana to hear the puffing of lungs
Context: to hear hard breathing.
[20] ngakanani ngarana to hear [the blast of] an oncoming wind
[21] kupa ngarana to hear a child
[22] kana ngarana to hear people
[23] manjujeli ngarana kindly to listen to; gladly to hear
[24] manujeli ngarana to listen with tender-heartedness
Context: not to get upset in doing so.
[25] morla ngarana to hear more
[26] murlali ngarana to hear with satisfaction
[27] paja ngarana to hear birds
[28] wolkareli ngarana to hear with wistful longing
[29] nurujeli ngarana quickly to listen to
[30] bulu ngarana unable to hear
[31] bakujeli ngarana to hear in vain
[32] ngaiala ngarana to hear a voice
[33] kurukuru ngarana to hear secretly
[34] kantji ngarana positively to hear

Spelling: ngaRa-rna-lha-rlu

Mythology: Pirnawarankana heard that Dimpiwalakana's men (people) were returning from collecting ochre.

Spelling: ngaRa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Mythology: When Jelkabalubaluna was carrying his two slain sons along with him, the decomposing fluid was trickling from their mouths and noses. He called this ngaraua, because it smelt sour ("bitter").

Spelling: ngaRa-rna-yitya

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: derived from ngara heart and tjarina to grow tired, denotes 'one that soon tires'.

Spelling: ngaRa-Ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: ngaRa-Ri-rna

Context: baku ngararina to move for nothing, to move to no purpose.

Spelling: ngaRa-Ri-rna tharri-rna

Mythology: When Kakalbuna was slain, his murderers could not kill his heart (ngara); it kept on crying for vengeance.

Spelling: ngaRa-tharri-rna

[1] palku ngaraterina to hear one's body itself
Context: to hear one's stomach rumble.
[2] dikidikibana ngaraterina to hear about oneself
Context: that one is to be killed.
[3] tala ngaraterina to hear one's own name

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] milki ngaraua eye that rolls in anger

Spelling: None

Context: used of salt water.

:

Spelling: ngardu

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Addition: called "nardoo" in English.

Xref: No. 2756, No. 3050

Spelling: ngaRa-ipa-rna

[1] jaura ngaribana to draw attention to news
[2] poto ngaribana to draw attention to (certain) things
[3] ngapa ngaribana to draw attention to water
[4] mita ngaribana to draw attention to country [or landscape]
[5] pinga ngaribana to draw attention to blood-avengers
[6] paja ngaribana to draw attention to a bird

Spelling: ngaRi-lka-rna

[1] nari ngarilkana to lower a dead man
[2] jama ngarilkana to lower a net into the water
[3] jaura ngarilkana to carry down news
Context: southwards.
[4] punku ngarilkana to lay the flax[-bearing] bush in water
[5] billi ngarilkana to let down a net-bag
Context: to weave it longer
[6] kuma ngarilkana to carry south the news of a death
[7] malka ngarilkana to lower [ceremonial] symbols
Context: to paint symbols on to the face and thence [right] down the body
[8] nguna ngarilkana to let the arms hang down
[9] kutu ngarilkana to dig a hole deeper
[10] paja ngarilkana to bring birds down from a tree
Context: to knock them down [with a boomerang].
[11] warukati ngarilkana to drive down an emu

Spelling: ngaRi-lka-rna tharri-rna

Context: e.g. to drive down emus

Spelling: ngarrimatha

Context: i.e. when it has rained on the upper reaches of a creek and a torrent of water then rushes downstream.

Grammar: feminine gender.

Etymology: This word is derived from ngarina to go or flow downstream and -mata indicating certainty. The meaning is: 'to be certain to flow downstream', or 'the water is on the way, it is positively coming down'.

[1] ngarimata pirna big flood
[2] ngarimata waka small flood
[3] ngarimata mara supplementary (new) flood
Context: e.g. a flood which occurs in a tributary of the Cooper. For the cause of floodwaters in the Cooper, see the legend.
[4] ngarimata piti where floodwaters begin flowing, seat or source of a flood.

Spelling: ngarrimathalha

Context: and announces its [approach].

:

[1] mardawonpani ngarina to descend a stony ridge (or range)
[2] ngapatjilini ngarina to go down into a [soakage-]well
[3] paru patala ngarina to go down to fish
[4] kapi manila ngarina to go down to collect eggs
Context: since a native man builds his camp on a rise, he always 'goes down'.
[5] pitani ngarina to climb down from a tree
[6] kalikalini ngarina to climb down a slope
[7] kutuni ngarina to climb down a hole
[8] kajirani ngarina to go down into a creek
[9] jatana ngarina to speak to go down
Idiom: to enter into a conversation
[10] jinkina ngarina to hand down
[11] nari jinkina ngarina to hand down a dead man
Context: [into the grave for burial].
[12] buka jinkina ngarina to hand down food
Context: from a place where ample food is available to where there is much less to be had.
[13] nganti ngarina for animals to go down
Context: when they come in to drink.
[14] ngamana ngarina to sit down to descend, to be seated
[15] tapana ngarina to drink to descend, to crouch down to drink
[16] manina ngarina to take to go down, to stoop down
[17] buruna ngarina to bend down in order not to be seen
[18] nandrana ngarina to fell to the ground, to kill
[19] bakuna ngarina to dig to descend, to dig deeper
[20] ngamalkana ngarina to have to go down, to give something away to keep
[21] turarana ngarina to sleep to go down, to lie down to sleep
[22] wikana ngarina to scrape to go down, to sit down and scrape
[23] tjirana ngarina to dig deeper
[24] tjirina ngarina to detach, to dissociate oneself from; to step aside
[25] terkana ngarina to stand to go down, to look around
[26] kunkana ngarina to limp to go down, to limp or hobble about
[27] ngapa ngarina for water to run down
[28] paltuni ngarina to descend along a track, to walk along a track
[29] kajirini ngarina to walk down a creek
Context: downstream, in the same direction as the water runs.
[30] mita ngarina for earth to roll down
[31] kimarina ngarina for a swelling to go down
[32] paparina ngarina to begin to talk
[33] jinpana ngarina to send to go down, to send away
[34] kurana ngarina to lay down to go down, to mislay; to misplace
[35] kamana ngarina to hold in reserve; to store up
[36] damana ngarina to cut open; to dissect (an animal)
[37] wotina ngarina to start to build
[38] dakana ngarina to weave to go down, to sit down and weave
[39] godana ngarina to fall down to descend
Context: for rain to descend
[40] wimani ngarina to sit down to a ceremony
[41] tampana ngarina to creep or crawl down
[42] wajina ngarina to place to cook
Context: in ashes.
[43] najina ngarina to look down
[44] kurarana ngarina to pour into
[45] wonkana ngarina to sit down to sing
[46] kaluana ngarina to sit down and pour into
[47] kilina ngarina to begin to dance
[48] mirrana ngarina to sweep out; to sweep away
[49] mindrina ngarina to run down
[50] ngamantina ngarina to sit down [in camp] while others go out
Context: to remain behind.
[51] palina ngarina to die to go down
Context: to die in order to be buried.
[52] jindrana ngarina to sit down and cry
[53] ngundrana ngarina to think to go down
Idiom: to ponder over; to contemplate on
[54] munt)arina ngarina to get sick to go down
Context: to get ill from lying down.
[55] pirinerkana ngarina to suppress; to reduce to silence
[56] maru ngankana ngarina to broadcast to go down
Context: to spread, broadcast (a report).
[57] wuldru ngankana ngarina to make narrow to go down
Idiom: to assemble, to concentrate (in one place, in one camp).
[58] kata ngirbana ngarina for one man to speak while others hold their peace
[59] maku manina ngarina to lift on to one's head and journey on
[60] ngamala ngarina to sit to go down
Context: to go (to a place) in order to stay there, also to go in order to spy (something) out.
[61] palku ngarina for a body to go down
Idiom: to lose weight; to get thinner and thinner
[62] kurana ngarina to lay downwards, to lay down; to take off and lay down
Xref: No. 2086-34.
[63] panina ngarina to go (there) undaunted, to go unperturbed
[64] worana ngarina to throw off; to throw down
[65] tikana ngarina to return to go down, to return home
[66] tikalkana ngarina to bring home
[67] punpana ngarina to climb down
[68] kalka ngarina for evening red to go down
Context: for evening red to fade away and vanish.
[69] miljaru ngarina for night to pass away
[70] pitana ngarina to sit down and pound seed
[71] dakana ngarina to sit down to grind seed
[72] karpana ngarina to sit down to weave or to mend
[73] pantjina ngarina to begin to do something
[74] punkana ngarina to begin to grow
[75] dijana ngarina to go out (bird-)hunting
[76] kampana ngarina to gather to go down
Idiom: to gather together; to accumulate.
[77] walturina ngarina to tire to go down, to tire or grow weary
[78] mokurina ngarina to waste away to skin and bones
[79] patipatibana ngarina to distribute; to divide among
[80] mamana ngarina to take (things) away
[81] tintana ngarina to lose
[82] milkina ngarina to walk in front; to go on ahead
[83] maritjina ngarina to sit down and bawl
Context: after being hit.
[84] kinkana ngarina to throw oneself down and roll over with laughter
[85] duntjirina ngarina to bend ever whilst sneezing
[86] ngakana ngarina to run downhill
Context: of water.
[87] ngaltja ngarina for the froth to run down
Context: from a dog, or from a frenzied person.
[88] walungana ngarina to roar
Context: e.g. fire, when it kindles one bush after the other, each time crackling and flaring up brightly.
[89] walpana ngarina to cover something up
Context: so that it comes to lie at the bottom.
[90] todina ngarina to bury to go down
Idiom: to lower; to cause to sink down.
[91] wondrana ngarina to point at something
[92] kipana ngarina to poke in a downward direction
[93] patana ngarina to lie down in pain
[94] matana ngarina to snap at; to bite at
Context: e.g. a dog at another animal.
[95] teribana ngarina to scatter
[96] julkana ngarina to swallow; to swallow the wrong way
[97] parumana ngarina to attract; to draw nearer; to pull down
[98] mintjina ngarina to shine down
[99] markarana ngarina to crawl down
[100] pantjakurana ngarina to go forth a's a hero to meet; heroically to face
[101] pantjaterkana ngarina to kneel down
[102] tintiterkana ngarina to prop oneself on one's elbows
[103] ngarrana ngarina to affix or stick on top
[104] manngarina ngarina to come back thirsty
[105] warlubakana ngarina to lie down on one's stomach
[106] jindina ngarina to nod with the head

Spelling: ngaRi-rna-rlu

Grammar: adjective and adverb.

[1] kutu ngarinalu deep hole
[2] minka ngarinalu deep burrow
[3] kunarani ngarinalu down in a creek
[4] mikarani ngarinalu in the depths below
[5] jaura ngarinalu deep words
Idiom: words which are not to be used in public.
[6] koko ngarinalu deep hole in a hollow tree
[7] kokuni ngarinalu at the bottom of a deep hole

Spelling: ngaRi-rna-rlu-lha

Context: literally, 'dwellers of the deep'.

Spelling: ngaRi-rna-rlu-lha-rlu

Spelling: ngaRi-tharri-rna

[1] kajirani ngariterina to go down into the creek oneself
[2] ngapani ngariterina to go down to the water oneself
[3] dakoni ngariterina to descend the sandhill oneself
[4] mardani ngariterina to descend the stone-hill (or range) oneself
[5] ngapatjilini ngariterina to go down to the [soakage-]well oneself

Spelling: ngarla

Grammar: interrogative.

[1] Example:

ngarla nganita?
and I? what about me?
[2] Example:

ngarla ngatota?
what shall I (do)?
[3] Example:

ngarla nanita?
what about her?
[4] Example:

ngarla nandrujata?
what shall she (do)?
[5] ngarla ngalita? what about us two?
[6] Example:

ngarla ngaldrata?
what shall we two (do)?
[7] Example:

ngarla ngaianita?
what about us all?
[8] Example:

ngarla tanaiata?
what about them?
[9] Example:

ngarla tanaliata?
what are they (to do)?
[10] Example:

ngarla ngakanita?
which is mine?
[11] Example:

ngarla nankanita?
which is hers? what belongs to her?
[12] Example:

ngarla tananita?
what belongs to them?
[13] Example:

ngarla ngaianita?
what about us?
[14] Example:

ngarla ngapata?
where is water? how is the water situation?
[15] Example:

ngarla bukata?
how is the bread situation? where is [some] bread?
[16] Example:

ngarla turuta?
how is the firewood situation?
[17] Example:

ngarla kanata?
where are the people?
[18] Example:

ngarla paltuta, woderi?
what is the condition of the track? where is the track?
[19] Example:

ngarla ditjita, worderunu?
what is the position of the sun?
Context: how long will it still be up?
[20] Example:

ngarla talarata tarai?
but what if it rains?

:

[1] kupa ngarlaribana to comfort a child
[2] muntja ngarlaribana to comfort a sick man (by singing his totemic song to him)
[3] kana ngarlaribana to pacify the people, (so that they don't keep on arguing or fighting)
[4] mangawaru ngarlaribana to console a widow by giving her another husband
[5] karkarkana ngarlaribana to entice someone with friendly words and then kill him
[6] potujeli ngarlaribana to satisfy (somebody) with gifts
[7] mankarali ngarlaribana to satisfy someone by giving him a young maiden

:

[1] kupa ngarlarina for a child to be contented
[2] paua dakana ngarlarina to be contented (and cheerful) at grinding seed
[3] jaurali ngarlarina to feel comforted by talking to oneself
[4] potujeli ngarlarina to be satisfied with gifts (things, possessions)
[5] wimali ngarlarina to be delighted by the song
[6] murali ngarlarina to be delighted with one's totemic song
[7] pirkina ngarlarina to be delighted with the performance
[8] kanani ngarlarina to be delighted at the many people

:

Spelling: None

Mythology: Nurawordubununa was very delighted and satisfied with his string, which he had spun from animal hair.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Context: this is a Ngameni word, the Diari [equivalent] being dantu soft, juicy. The seeds of the ngarlu plant are soft and juicy, so is the plant itself.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Mythology: Madlangurunu and Narimalpirini obtained both these seed varieties by their petitions [or invocatory songs].

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: between earth and heaven.

[1] paja ngarranani birds in the air
[2] talarapalku ngarranani rainclouds in the atmosphere
[3] Example:

kutji ngarranani wapai
the devil moves about in the aerial regions

Spelling: ngarra-rna

[1] kana ngarrana for a person to tremble
[2] muntja ngarrana for a sick man to tremble
[3] pita ngarrana for a tree to quiver
[4] diltja ngarrana for one's legs to tremble
[5] mana ngarrana tajina for the mouth to tremble (or) quiver while eating
Context: when one is eating fast.
[6] palku ngarrana for one's body to tremble

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: a Diari [word], derived from ngarra juice and ngaraua bitter, hence 'bitter juice'. This shrub has a bitter flavour, when plucked and placed in the mouth.

Spelling: ngarrangarra-ipa-rna

Context: e.g. the wind causes leaves to tremble.

:

[1] ngaru wapana to proceed along thoughtfully
[2] ngaru ngamana to sit down steeped in thought
[3] ngaru terkana to stand still and ponder over something
[4] ngarujeli manina to take something whilst meditating
Context: without [really] wanting it.
[5] ngarujeli tajina to eat with caution
[6] ngarujeli ngundrana carefully to ponder

Spelling: ngaRu

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana ngaru human voice
[2] ngaru kulnuni similar voice
[3] ngaru pilkipilki different voices
[4] ngaru mandru two voices
Idiom: undecided whether to go or stay.
[5] ngaru ngarana to hear a voice
[6] turu ngaru crackling of a fire
[7] nganti ngaru half-cooked meat
[8] buka ngaru half-baked bread
[9] ngaru jela combined voices
[10] ngaru piltjaru conflicting voices, (one like this, and the other like that)
[11] ngaru marapu many voices
[12] ngaru pirna loud voice
[13] ngaru waka soft voice
[14] ngaru kundi high-pitched voice (during singing)
[15] ngaru ngauara weak voice
[16] ngaru wakana for a voice to rise and fall
[17] ngaru kundikundi crooked voice, indistinct voice
[18] ngaru ngumu good, clear voice
[19] ngaruta palilapala when the voice sinks so low during a song that one almost falls to sleep
[20] ngaru miri high, spirited voice
[21] ngaru buru speechless, when one refrains from disclosing something
[22] ngaru tinkari outspoken voice
Context: when one speaks out freely.
[23] ngaru madlentji bad voice
Context: when someone speaks in a way that nobody can understand him.
[24] ngaru kulnula to speak another language
[25] ngaru koko sound [that comes] from knocking against a hollow tree
[26] kindala ngaru howling of dogs
[27] ngaru wonki always the same tune (voice) - when a person always sings the same thing
[28] ngaru ngaramalina to hear each others' voices
[29] ngaru wilparina to open one's voice
Idiom: to speak openly (about something)
[30] ngaru tatakana contradictory voices
Context: in opposition to each other.
[31] ngaru kurana to change one's opinion
[32] ngaru ngujamana to recognize a voice
[33] ngaru karitjina to change one's voice
[34] ngaru ngura to maintain one's assertion

Spelling: ngarru

Grammar: feminine gender.

Ethnography: These are tied into bundles and used: (1) for chasing away flies; amd (2) for [purposes of] decoration.

Spelling: None

Mythology: Darana heard a voice but didn't know what kind of a voice it was.

:

Spelling: ngaRu-lha

Spelling: ngaRu-lha-rlu

Spelling: None

Context: when others already know about it, and then to be astonished and shocked.

:

[1] jaurali ngarungaruparibana to terrify with information ("words")
[2] ngarungaruparibana ngarana to listen to with astonishment
Context: when news makes an impression.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Etymology: derived from ngaruntu sleepy, dreamy, indicates 'one that is lazy and continually lying down'.

:

[1] jaurani ngaruparana to be surprised or startled at news
[2] mukani ngaruparana to be startled in one's sleep
[3] ngara ngaruparana for one's heart to shudder
[4] tidnani ngaruparana to be surprised at footprints
[5] ngapani ngaruparana to be surprised at water
Context: when either much or little is available.
[6] kantani ngaruparana to marvel at grass
[7] japali ngaruparana to become frightfully alarmed
[8] kamanelini ngaruparana to wonder at one's friends
[9] kupani ngaruparana to wonder at a child
[10] kanani ngaruparana to wonder at people
[11] narini ngaruparana to be surprised at a dead man
[12] ngapitja ngaruparana to be startled by a dream
[13] palku ngaruparana to be changeable, shuddering
Context: literally, 'for the body to be alarmed'.
[14] paiani ngaruparana to be startled by birds
Context: when they fly upwards.
[15] pingani ngaruparana to be terrified of blood-avengers

:

[1] kana ngaruparibana to frighten a person
[2] jaurali ngaruparibana to startle with the news (words)
[3] ngaruparibana jinkina to give a person something at which he is surprised

Spelling: ngaRu-Ri-ipa-rna

:

Spelling: ngaRu-Ri-rna

Spelling: ngaRu-Ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: ngathamurra

Ethnography: child, father speaking. If the accent is placed on the 'u,' then the eldest son is meant; ngatamura, without the accent on the 'u,' denotes any child (male or female, father still speaking).

Xref: No. 2163

Spelling: ngathani

Ethnography: child, mother speaking.

Xref: No. 2162

Spelling: ngardarda

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: ngathata

Grammar: masculine gender.

Context: Younger brothers are all ngatata, whilst elder brothers are all neji.

Ethnography: Ngatata is also used to describe one's grandmother's country, in order to honour her. The country of one's mother's birth [is called] ngandri marduka mother's totem country, because one inherits his mother's totem mita kamaneli one's tribal country; country of one's birth

Xref: No. 1894.

[1] ngatata mara all the younger brothers collectively
Ethnography: When an elder brother speaks of them. When he is in their presence he says: neji mara ( all brothers, i.e. elder brothers, collectively). This is a polite form of speech. Thereby all brothers are shown respect. By using ngatata they would be humiliated (belittled).
[2] ngatata mara wulu two younger brothers
Context: spoken by an elder brother when these are not present; otherwise neji mara is used, meaning elder brothers).
[3] ngatata mara wora all the younger brothers collectively
Context: as in sub-entry [2], when they are not present.

Spelling: ngatyi-lha-rlu

Spelling: ngatyi-rna

[1] potuni ngatjina to ask for things
[2] jaurani ngatjina to beg for news
[3] bukani ngatjina to beg for food
[4] manju ngatjina to ask kindly
[5] ngantini ngatjina to ask for meat

Spelling: ngatyi-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: ngatyi-ngatyi-rna

Spelling: ngatyi-rna-yitya

Mythology: Godagodana begged Kimilina for his rain-stone.

Spelling: ngatyi-iyirpa-rna

Spelling: ngatyi-tharri-rna

Spelling: ngathu

Grammar: personal pronoun indicative, used in the case of transitive verbs with an accusative object. ngato ninaia kana nandrana warai I have given this man a beating

Spelling: ngathuka

Grammar: personal pronoun indicative selective form, used with transitive verbs. Reuther: "auslesende Redeweise". ngatoka wontjala nganai ninaia nari mankamankala I (from among many) will attempt to find the dead man (who perished of thirst)

Spelling: ngathu-ku

Grammar: personal pronoun subjunctive, used with transitive verbs. ngatoko jinkani neji nandrana warai? may I possibly have killed your elder brother?

Spelling: ngathu-tha

Grammar: personal pronoun nominative, expressing certainty. Used with transitive verbs. ngatota ninaia kulkana warai I have saved his [life]

Spelling: ngawurru-ngawurru

[1] kupani ngaurongauro sad on account of a child
[2] noani ngaurongauro grieved because of one's wife or husband
[3] ngaperani ngaurongauro grieved on account of one's father
[4] kamanelini ngaurongauro sad with respect to one's friend
[5] mita kamanelini ngaurongauro fretful for one's traditional land (fatherland)
Context: whilst sojourneying in a strange land.
[6] pitarani ngaurongauro unhappy because of drought
[7] kindalani ngaurongauro regretful about one's dog
Context: that has lost its way [in a chase].
[8] tertieli ngaurongauro distressed at one's thirst
Context: when no water can be found.
[9] paruni ngaurongauro distressed about fish
Context: when they die.
[10] muramurani ngaurongauro grieved over one's primeval ancestor
Context: when beholding his petrified body.
[11] kanani ngaurongauro distressed about people
Context: e.g. when coming to a camp and finding nobody there.
[12] turuni ngaurongauro unhappy about a fire
Context: when one hasn't any.
[13] ngaurongauro ngamana to be sitting there grief-stricken
Grammar: adverb use.
[14] ngaurongauro wirarina to walk around grief-stricken
Grammar: adverb use.
[15] ngaurongaurojeli jindrana to weep out of grief
[16] ngaurongaurojeli najina tatana to look back sadly
[17] ngaurongaurojeli nampana to bury in grief

Spelling: ngawurru-ngawurru-yitya

Spelling: ngawurru-ngawurru-lha

Spelling: ngawurru-ngawurru-lha-rlu

Mythology: Kirlawilina once became very sad and wept, because he [badly] wanted a wife, yet there was none available.

Spelling: ngawurru-ngawurru-ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: ngawurru-ngawurru-ri-rna

Spelling: ngawurrungawurru-ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: means 'lice eggs'. The seeds of this plant are so tiny.

Xref: No. 2597-40, No. 3050-74, No. 3397-36

Spelling: None

Context: mudla nginingini distorted face, as when someone bites into a sour apple.

Spelling: None

Mythology: The men of Darana had grimaced faces after eating miminkila. It is from here that the word is said to have originated.

:

[1] mudla ngininginirina to distort one's face; to grimace
Context: e.g. when a person has caught a cold.
[2] mudla ngininginirina to turn away one's face
[3] mudla ngininginirina storm-clouds ascend into the sky and recede again

:

Spelling: None

Mythology: Darana always prayed for rain.

:

[1] pirrani ngirangirarina always to be making coolamons
[2] kalarani ngirangirarina always to be making stone-axes
[3] jamani ngirangirarina always to be working away at the nets
[4] jinkani ngirangirarina always to be spinning (or twisting) thread
[5] billini ngirangirarina always to be weaving dilly-bags
[6] jaura ngundrala ngirangirarina always to be pondering over the same news
[7] kupani ngirangirarina always to be good to a child

:

[1] kata ngirbana to make a clanging sound
Context: e.g. when two [music] sticks are struck together.
[2] marda kata ngirbana to cause stones to clatter, by throwing one on top of another
[3] pirra kata ngirbana to cause a shield to rattle, when struck by a boomerang
[4] ngara kata ngirbana to make the heart throb
Idiom: to make it fearful, so that it becomes troubled, disquieted.
[5] mana kata ngirbana to make the teeth chatter
Context: The cold weather does this.
[6] mangatandra kata ngirbana to make (someone's) head ring by striking it with a boomerang
[7] nganti moku kata ngirbana to make an animal bone rattle by tearing off the flesh with one's teeth
[8] talara tandra kata ngirbana to make raindrops clatter, when they fall on the roof-top
[9] tidna kata ngirbana to make an audible sound with the feet by constantly tripping to and fro
[10] pita kata ngirbana to cause a clattering of wood, when knocking two pieces together

:

[1] kupa ngirikidana for a child to groan
[2] muntja ngirikidana for a sick man to heave a sigh
[3] mandrantju ngirikidana for a pregnant woman to groan
[4] mauarli ngirikidana to groan out of hunger
[5] tapali ngirikidana to groan on account of one's wounds
[6] potuni ngirikidana to moan about [certain] things
[7] narini ngirikidana to wail over [or bewail] a dead man
[8] kilpali ngirikidana to groan because of cold
[9] palkujeli ngirikidana to groan on account of stomach pains
[10] pitjirani ngirikidana to sigh for chewing-tobacco

Spelling: None

Mythology: Kirlawilina howled [and wailed] over the two girls whom he wanted as wives.

:

[1] tala ngiringiri wrinkled, puckered skin
[2] palku ngiringiri shrivelled together, wrinkled body (e.g. among old people); one who always pulls an offensive face
[3] milbiri ngiringiri wrinkled forehead
[4] muntja ngiringiri shrunken invalid
Context: who has grown thin.
[5] jinka ngiringiri tangled [piece of] string
[6] billi ngiringiri shrivelled-up dilly-bag
Context: when it has got wet.
[7] mandra ngiringiri wrinkled stomach
Context: when one hasn't eaten anything.
[8] manu ngiringiri shrivelled disposition
Context: i.e. a person slow in thinking, and not as alert as others.
[9] milki ngiringiri shrivelled around the eyes

:

Spelling: None

Mythology: The waterbags of Nurawordubununa shrivelled up, after he had drunk [or drained] their contents; therefore he soaked them [in water] again.

:

Spelling: None

Context: in light as well as serious vein.

[1] kana ngirkibana to mock, to ridicule people
[2] tiri ngankana ngirkibana to tease a person until he gets cross
[3] mita ngirkibana to ridicule a country
[4] jaurali ngirkibana to ridicule in so many words
[5] nari ngirkibana to ridicule a dead person
Context: to say something about him which stirs up trouble among his relatives.
[6] punga ngirkibana to laugh at ridicule a wurley
Context: because it is badly built.
[7] teri ngirkibana to ridicule young men

:

Spelling: ngirki-yirpa-mali-rna

:

[1] paua ngirkina for seed to multiply
[2] paia ngirkina for birds to multiply, when they breed
[3] kanunka ngirkina for 'kanunka' to multiply, when they give birth to young ones
[4] kindala ngirkina for dogs to increase in number
[5] paru ngirkina for fish to multiply,when they lay eggs
[6] milki kima ngirkina for bunged eyes to increase in number, (when several people get them). These are caused by stinging flies
[7] muntja ngirkina for the sick to increase in number; for many people to become sick
[8] jaura ngirkina for words to multiply
Context: for a certain topic to be well discussed.
[9] kupa ngirkina for children to multiply
[10] talara ngirkina for rain to increase
Context: for rain to stop and then to start up again
[11] dako ngirkina for sandhills to multiply
Idiom: for numerous snakes to be crawling around on sandhills.
[12] pita ngirkina for trees to multiply
Context: when numerous saplings come up out of the ground.
[13] jaua ngirkina for grass to multiply after a good rain
[14] marda ngirkina for stones to increase in number
Context: e.g. when one is travelling about and time and again comes across gibber plains.
[15] kapi ngirkina for eggs to multiply in number
Context: when birds keep on laying.
[16] ngapa ngirkina for water to accumulate
Context: e.g. in a well.
[17] maua ngirkina for drought to intensify
Context: when, in consequence of the drought, there is less and less to eat.
[18] dilka ngirkina for prickles to increase in number
Context: when prickly plants Reuther: "das Stachelkraut". keep on growing better and better.
[19] buka ngirkina for the food [supply] to increase
Context: e.g. when a lot of edible plants grow.
[20] makuwoda ngirkina for [the supply of] 'makuwoda' kind of potato to increase
[21] mirka ngirkina for ants to increase
[22] mita ngalara ngirkina for sand to increase
Context: e.g. when, in a walkabout, one penetrates deeper and further into the sandhills.
[23] kata ngirkina for lice to multiply
[24] turu ngirkina for fire to spread
[25] woldra ngirkina for heat to intensify
[26] nuru ngirkina for one's strength to improve
Context: to keep going faster while walking along.
[27] manatandra ngirkina for toothache to intensify
Context: [or get worse].
[28] punga ngirkina for wurleys to increase in number
Context: for more and more to be erected.
[29] majaru ngirkina for rats to increase
[30] kauri, punta, nili, kapita ngirkina for rats [of various kinds] to increase in number
[31] kana ngirkina for people to increase in number
Context: for more and more to congregate.

Spelling: ngirki-nga-rna

[1] kana ngirkingana for people to congregate in order to continue on together
[2] bukataia ngirkingana to assemble in order to go out together for ochre
[3] pingaia ngirkingana to congregate for a vendetta
[4] pitjiraia ngirkingana to assemble in order to [go out together and] collect chewing tobacco
[5] potuja ngirkingana to gather around in order to collect something
[6] kilpa ngirkingana for the cold weather to pass over
Context: At first it keeps on getting colder, then it [gradually] gets warmer.
[7] muka ngirkingana for sleep to come on and then pass over
[8] paru ngirkingana for fish to gather around and then disappear in shoals
Context: after something to eat has been thrown into the water.
[9] woldra ngirkingana for the hot weather to come on, intensify, and then pass over
[10] paua ngirkingana for seed to accumulate, multiply, and then diminish
[11] maua ngirkingana for drought and famine to intensify and then abate
[12] ninta ngirkingana at first to feel ashamed, then no longer

:

[1] ngirkingirkina bakuna always to be digging out a new hole
[2] ngirkingirkina nandrana always to be killing another man
[3] ngirkingirkina ngatjina constantly to be begging, repeatedly to be begging
[4] ngirkingirkina wonkana to sing over and over again
[5] ngirkingirkina turu kampana to collect firewood time and again
[6] tandra noirkingirkina to collect fruit time and again
[7] talara godana ngirkingirkina for rain to fall time and time again
[8] jaura jatana ngirkingirkina to talk repeatedly

Spelling: ngirkingirki-nga-rna

:

Spelling: nguka-rna

[1] kana ngokana to add people
Context: to a number of others.
[2] kupa ngokana to place the children together
[3] nari ngokana to add a dead man
Context: to those already buried. To kill a man in order to equate him with another who has been killed.
[4] jaura ngokana to add a word
Idiom: to confirm, to ratify what someone else has said.
[5] poto ngokana to add some articles (to others)
[6] paua ngokana to add some seed
Context: to mix it together with other seed.
[7] marda ngokana to bring more millstones into camp
Context: when there is already one available.
[8] ngapa ngokana to add water, to wet, to moisten
Context: moisten seed before grinding it.
[9] paru ngokana to add [to the supply of] fish
Context: e.g. as when a flood adds a supply of fresh fish to the old.
[10] ngura ngokana to add another wurley
Idiom: to take a second wife in addition to the first.
[11] teri ja mankara ngokana to join together a young man and woman
Context: to marry them
[12] manu ngokana to add one's disposition
Idiom: to express the same thoughts as another person has had
[13] nari ngokana to join together two murdered people
Context: to equate two killings, and thus settle a feud.
[14] mana ngokana to add one's mouth
Idiom: to speak at one and the same time.
[15] jinka ngokana to add on to a string
Context: to spin a longer thread.
[16] jama ngokana to weave on to a fishing-net
[17] paltuni ngokana to join up with another track
[18] muntja ngokana to bring sick people together
Ethnography: If there are several patients in a camp, they are brought together into one hut, so that they can be jointly cared for.
[19] kajiri ngokana for one creek to link up with (or) run into another
[20] ditji ngokana to add one or more days
[21] turu ngokana to lay on more firewood; to add more firewood
[22] kupa ngokana to add another child
Context: e.g. when a second child is born.
[23] katu ngokana to add more branches
Context: to strengthen a windbreak.
[24] mita ngokana to heap up soil, sand
[25] kindala ngokana to send out another dog (when one dog is [already] chasing an emu)
[26] paratara ngokana to perform a ceremony again on the same plain
[27] milki ngokana to join the eyes together
Context: to focus many eyes on the same object.
[28] talpa ngokana to join ears together
Context: [to get] many people to lend their ears to something.
[29] ngokana kurana to place together [on a heap]
Context: e.g. dilly-bags.

Grammar: adverb use.
[30] ngokala tikana to carry more to the back
Grammar: adverb use.
[31] ngokana terkana to stand together in a group
Grammar: adverb use.
[32] ngokana tarana to carry up [hill] to someone
Grammar: adverb use.
[33] ngokana tatana to bear after; to carry on behind
Grammar: adverb use.

:

Spelling: None

Mythology: Kirlawilina took a second wife, adding (ngokana) her to the one he [already] had.

:

[1] kanani ngokaterina to join (attach oneself to) the people
[2] potuni ngokaterina to add one's things to those of someobody else
[3] nejini ngokaterina to attach oneself to one's elder brother: to help, support him
[4] ngura ngokaterina to set up one's camp alongside that of somebody else

:

[1] kirra ngokijirbana to place one's boomerang alongside of others
[2] billi ngokijirbana to add one's dillybag

Spelling: nguku

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana ngoku human vomit
[2] kindala ngoku dog's vomit
[3] paja ngoku seed that a bird (pigeon) has in its crop for the feeding of its young
[4] pitjiri ngoku tobacco that has been chewed in the mouth
[5] mura ngoku ceremonial songs which are sung in order to make people vomit
[6] kanta ngoku vegetable food that has been vomited
[7] nganti ngoku vomited meat
[8] ngoku mamani name given to a dog that takes the meat away from another

Spelling: None

Mythology: Mandramankana swallowed a large number of people at Manatandrani, but afterwards vomited them up again.

:

[1] nganti ngokuworana to bring up meat
[2] paua ngokuworana to vomit seed pulp

Spelling: None

Context: This is the name given to fresh [edible] plants, because they readily cause vomiting.

:

[1] ngopera wapana to go first; to go on ahead
[2] ngopera ngamana first to sit down
[3] ngopera jatana first to tell; first to announce
[4] ngopera tepi healthy at first (now dead)
[5] ngarimata ngopera first flood
[6] talara ngopera first rain
[7] ngopera karuwali ngankana, ngadani jirijiribani-jaura jinkina first to initiate (circumcise), after that to hand dawn the [tribal] laws
[8] ngopera ngankana first to work, make, or do
[9] ngopera murla, ngadani tiri friendly at first, [but] afterwards nasty
[10] ngopera buru, ngadani wilparina first to hold one's silence, then to speak [or open up]
[11] ngopera dunkana first to come out
[12] ngopera najina to see for the first time; first to see and then
[13] ngopera wirina first to paint on
[14] nari ngopera first to die
[15] jaura ngopera first word; first news
[16] manu ngopera first thought, idea
[17] kupa ngopera first child
[18] junga ngopera first to beat time with the hand-cushions
[19] ngura ngopera first camping-spot
[20] ngopera wiliwili, ngadani ngurunguru first weak, then strong
[21] nganti ngopera first animal; animal running in the lead
[22] dija ngopera first dancer
[23] billi ngopera first dilly-bag
[24] ngopera jurka tajina to eat something at first
[25] ngoperaia nganingana to run past someone else, from behind, in order to be first

:

Spelling: ngupaRa-lha-rlu

:

[1] poto ngoperaribana to send things in advance
[2] ngoperaribana punga wotina to send on ahead to build a wurley
Context: to beat [or anticipate] the rain by building a wurley.
[3] ngoperaribana tajina to urge someone to eat first
[4] kupa ngoperaribana to send a child on ahead
Context: to put it to sleep first.
[5] manu ngoperaribana to send one's disposition on ahead
Context: to send advance notice and then to arrive oneself.

:

Spelling: ngupaRa-ri-rna tharri-rna

Mythology: In the course of his wanderings Mandramankana went on ahead,while the girls came on behind.

Spelling: ngurda-rna

[1] kirra ngudana to bend a boomerang into the right shape
Context: i.e. to straighten out the bad curves
[2] kalti ngudana to bend a spear into the right shape
Ethnography: After being rubbed in with fat, it is placed into moist earth, and weighted down.
[3] pirra ngudana to bend a coolamon to the right shape
Ethnography: It is likewise rubbed in with fat, and strutted on the inner side with [short] sticks.
[4] woma ngudana to stretch out a snake
Context: when it is laid in the ashes.
[5] kuruwitji ngudana to lay out the beating sticks
Context: that are used for driving rats out [of their holes].
[6] jinka ngudana to stretch out a string
[7] kupa ngudana to stretch out a child
Context: literal meaning

Ethnography: When a child begins to walk, the mother (while clicking her tongue) Reuther: "unter Schnalzlauten". strokes the [child's] arms, legs, and body, so that it may grow into an attractive child, that is to say, that it may not develop fat arms, legs and stomach, but, in short, grow into a slim child.
[8] kanku ngudana to stretch out a young lad
Context: A youth about to be circumcised has his arms stretched, and is forced to hold them up in the air. He is then led to the circumcision with upstretched arms. [Thus] he is expected to become japanguru fearless, burkanguru bold, manly, and nintanguru modest, shamefast.
[9] nari ngudana to lay out (stretch) a dead man
[10] nariwonpa ngudana to stretch out a grave-mound
Ethnography: 'to lengthen a grave-mound'. If this were not done, the relatives could think that the corpse is lying huddled up in the grave. Thereby the dead man would not have received his due rights, and the relatives would be insulted.
[11] billi ngudana to stretch a dilly-bag
Context: to stuff it with grass and let it hang for a while.
[12] katu ngudana to extend, lengthen a windbreak
[13] manu ngudana to give vent to (carry out) one's feelings
[14] mudla ngudana to stretch out the face
Idiom: to hurry on ahead of someone else.
[15] jadi ngudana to extend [or lengthen] a spindle
[16] jaura ngudana to spread news (words) to tell others
[17] pantja ngudana to stretch out one's feet
[18] mara ngudana to extend one's hand (or) arm
[19] bakujeli ngudana to extend in vain
Context: to offer something and yet not give it.
[20] janta ngudana to stretch a bullroarer
Context: to swing it [around].
[21] kalukalupita ngudana to spread out a 'dundru' fishing-net
Context: [i e. a hand-net or landing-net].
[22] punga ngudana to extend a wurley
Context: to build it larger.
[23] para ngudana to wind one's hair around
Context: so that it stands up in the air.
[24] naru pajapiri ngudaita to pull out or stretch out a fish-needle
Context: on which fish are placed [or threaded] when taken from a net.
[25] malka ngudana to lengthen [symbolic] markings on the body
[26] mandra ngudana to dilate one's stomach
Context: through much eating.
[27] ngajimarla ngudana to stretch one's neck
Context: in order to have a [good] look around.
[28] jakara ngudana to extend a hook
Context: with which grubs are extracted from holes in trees.
[29] tala ngudana to spread or stretch out a skin
Context: in order to dry it out.

:

Spelling: None

Mythology: Darana ngurungutana the caterpillars (muluru) with his invocatory songs, so that they should multiply and grow big and fat.

:

[1] palku ngudaterina to stretch one's body; to extend oneself
[2] burka ngudaterina to stretch one's melancholy or conscience
Context: o.e. to become more morose; to have more misgivings.
[3] diltja ngudaterina to stretch one's muscles
Context: by walking faster.
[4] tidna ngudaterina to stretch one's feet
Context: to take longer strides.
[5] manu ngudaterina to stretch one's temperament
Idiom: to carry out one's cherished ideas.
[6] mandra ngudaterina to extend one's physical girth
[7] palto ngudaterina for the track to extend a long way
Context: to appear to be a very long track.
[8] ngudaterina punkana to grow upwards
[9] ngudaterina ngakana to flow further downhill; to proceed further along
Context: e.g. water in a creek/
[10] poto ngudaterina to disperse articles
Context: one thing in this direction, another in that.
[11] nguna ngudaterina to stretch out wings
Context: as when birds fly.
[12] kajiri ngudaterina for a river-bed or creek to extend a long way
[13] pirra ngudaterina for a coolamon to take on a nice shape
Context: from a raw block of wood.
[14] paru ngudaterina for fish to disperse
Context: from the deepest part of a lake.
[15] punga ngudaterina for a wurley to take on a nicer appearance
Context: during its construction.

Spelling: None

Context: e.g. a string, a dilly-bag, etc. See ngudana.

:

Spelling: nguya

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana nguja types of people
[2] nguja wordu short types
[3] nguja wirdi long types
[4] nguja pilkipilki various types
[5] pita nguja pajiri tall type of tree
[6] nguja tjaru stripped variety
Context: e.g. when caterpillars have eaten off the leaves.
[7] milki nguja pilki different kinds of eyes
[8] ngarumba nguja 'ngarumba' type of tree
[9] nguja mandru two varieties
[10] nguja kulno one variety
[11] ngula ngumu good variety
[12] nguja madlentji bad variety
[13] nguja walto weak variety
[14] nguja mati strong variety, heavy variety
[15] nguja maru black variety
[16] nguja muja dry variety
[17] nguja manina to allow oneself time; to pick a variety
[18] nguja najina to look at a variety; to survey, tocritically examine, to measure, to inspect
[19] naula nguja same variety
[20] kanajeri nguja person-like type, resembling a person
Context: e.g. something like a tree-stump, which from a distance one takes to be a human being.
[21] Example:

nguja pilki nauja karari
he looks different today
[22] watara nguja type of wind
Context: cold or warm.
[23] kanta nguja type of grass, type of edible plant
[24] nguja terkana to hesitate, to procrastinate
[25] nguja wakana to wait; to hesitate
[26] ngapa nguja type of water

Spelling: nguya-yitya

Spelling: nguya-lha-rlu

Spelling: nguyama-rna

[1] kana ngujamana to recognize a man (again)
[2] mita ngujamana to know a country
Context: to have a good knowledge of it/
[3] panto ngujamana to recognize a lake (again)
[4] pita ngujamana to recognize a tree
Context: e.g. beside which one has buried something.
[5] billi ngujamana to recognize a dillybag (again)
[6] tidna ngujamana to know footprints, to recognise footprints
[7] jaura ngujamana to understand a language
[8] nari ngujamana to recognise a dead man
Context: to know that he is soon going to die.
[9] kutji ngujamana to recognise a spirit
Context: either the devil, or a human spirit.
[10] mudla ngujamana to recognise a face
[11] pariwilpa ngujamana to know the sky
Context: to know the signs in the sky.
[12] miljaru ngujamana to know the time of night
Context: how far it has advanced.
[13] pirra ngujamana to know the moons
Context: to know (for instance) how many months (moons) one has been away in the bush.
[14] ditji ngujamana to recognise the sun
Context: to recognise signs on the sun.
[15] talara ngujamana to recognise rain
Context: to know that it is going to rain.
[16] ditji waka ngujamana to recognise the stars
Context: to know the various constellations.
[17] ngaru ngujamana to recognize the [sound of] voices
Context: to know whether it is the shout of joy or the wail of death.
[18] ngara ngujamana to know someone's heart
Context: whether someone has good or evil intentions.
[19] manu ngujamana to know someone's mind
Context: to know what someone is thinking.
[20] milki ngujamana to recognise someone's eyes
Context: to read in a person's eyes.
[21] ngura ngujamana to know the campsite
[22] ngapa ngujamana to know where water is
[23] palto ngujamana to know the way
[24] toa ngujamana to know the written characters
[25] tali ngujamana to know the tongue, or language
[26] mura ngujamana to know the ritual ceremony, the legend
[27] ngapitja ngujamana to be able to interpret a dream

:

mura ngujamanalalu kana pirna ngankai
recognition of their ritual ceremonies and [their] legend[s] makes a people great [or important]

:

Spelling: nguyama-tharri-rna

[1] palku ngujamaterina to know (recognise) one's own body
Context: whether it is strong or weak.
[2] malka ngujamaterina to recognise the symbols on one's body
Context: whether one has painted himself attractively.
[3] nari ngujamaterina to recognize death for oneself
Context: i.e. to know that one is going to be killed and must die.
[4] muntja ngujamaterina to feel within oneself that one is going to be sick
[5] tidna ngujamaterina to recognise one's own footprints
[6] maua ngujamaterina to feel hungry
[7] kulnula ngujamaterina as a loner, to feel or know that one has no friends
[8] waka ngujamaterina to feel small
[9] pirna ngujamaterina to feel big [or important]
[10] manujeli ngujamaterina to know one's [own] disposition

Spelling: None

Mythology: Darana recognised [the signs in] the sky; he knew that it would rain.

Spelling: None

Mythology: These originate from the line of [tribal] chiefs. The last of these was Tjampina, buried at Kaparamara. His father was Jipalina. These [men] were descended from the muramura Kujumokuna, from whose [tribal] lineage these [ceremonial] chiefs Reuther: "Regenten". were required to have been descended.

Spelling: nguyanguyarla

Etymology: This word, derived from nguja kind, variety, species; manner and -la (from) jela together signifies 'with the same manner; to have the same style; to feel sympathetic'.

[1] kana ngujangujarla to feel sorry for a man
[2] kindala ngujangujarla to feel sorry for a dog
[3] widla ngujangujarla to have sympathy for a woman
[4] kupa ngujangujarla to feel sorry for a child
[5] poto ngujangujarla to feel sorry about some article
[6] mita ngujangujarla to feel sorry for one's country
Context: when absent from one's native land.
[7] jama ngujangujarla to feel sorry about a fishing-net
[8] pinaru ngujangujarla to feel sympathy for an old man
Context: because he has to fetch his own firewood, etc.
[9] ngurawalpa ngujangujarla to feel sorry with regard to a [deserted] camp
Context: since all its people are deceased and gone.
[10] ngaperi ngujangujarla to feel sorry for one's father
Context: Thus of all, to whom one is related.

Spelling: nguya padni

Context: literally, 'without type', 'without delay'.

:

ngujapata ngani wapananto, kana ngujapirna jura
I must leave in a hurry, [but] you are lazy people

Spelling: nguya pirna

Spelling: None

Etymology: This word, derived from nguja variety, species, kind; manner and -ra (from) bra word, news, means 'manner and way of words', namely, how the young men received [instructions] from the elders regarding the customs, traditions and religion [of the tribe].

Ethnography: When a young man is circumcised, he receives kurukurubani-jaura words of admonition and dauadauanijaura orders of restraint; taboo orders. Later on he receives ngujara (or ngujangujara because there are many) words of instruction, teaching, indoctrination. The pirrapintaetja Reuther: pirrapinta However, this word means the [tribal] laws themselves. Cf. No. 164-2. For "Gesetzeslehrer" Reuther normally uses the words pirrapintamara (No. 298-4; No. 311; No. 951-6; No. 1213-47, etc.) or pirrapintaetja cf. No. 302-3; No. 1366-1; No. 1450-1, etc. give these instructions, as to what shall or shall not be done. It is to be (specially) noted that only the pirrapintaetja or tutors [in matters] of [tribal] law impart these ngujara.

[1] ngujara jinkina to give instruction
Ethnography: In this case the young men are gathered together outside of the camp, away from the women. The instructor in the [tribal] laws stands, while the young men sit down. Now are recited all the punishments that will be meted out or that await [the culprit], in the event of any [tribal] misdemeanour. Reuther: "Vorkommnis".
[2] ngujara manina to receive, accept teaching or instruction
[3] ngujara worarijirbana to hand over the teaching, instruction to others
Context: [lit:] to leave it behind for somebody else. When an old man knows that he is about to die, or that he is going to be killed, he passes on all his experiences [and] all his secret knowledge to a friend, a brother, or preferably his [own] son. He tells him that the ways of his people (kana mangini religion) must not die out; therefore he is going to tell him everything. He relates his life's history especially, of course, his great[est] deeds, and all his religious knowledge, so that it may be preserved for posterity.
[4] muraia ngujara instruction about the deity
Ethnography: ritual forms and ceremonies. Reuther: "die Gebetsgesaenge und die Legende". These imply the ceremonial songs and ritual ceremonies in the way they were performed by the [supernatural] ancestors Reuther: "Vorvaeter". By this the author means the muramura. over against the deity, and how these are to continue to be performed henceforth.
[5] paruni ngujara instructions in the totemic fish song
Ethnography: in addition to the ritual (ceremonies) that are to be performed in conjunction therewith. Basically, the phrase means: 'instruction in the ritual forms Reuther: "Goetterlehre". and ceremonies', i.e. muraia ngujara.
[6] kapirani ngujara instruction in the invocatory songs and ceremonies on behalf of edible goannas
Ethnography: Thus also in reference to the wind, weather, emus, health, in fact, everything that involves the sustenance of body and life. Here a father gives instruction and teaching to his son, depending on which muramura he designates as his own.
[7] ngaperaia ngujara father's instruction
Context: to the male members of his family.
[8] narini ngujara instruction regarding a deceased person

Spelling: nguya-ri-ipa-rma

[1] kana ngujaribana to hold a person back
Context: not to let him go.
[2] kindala ngujaribana to restrain a dog
[3] dakujeli ngujaribana to be delayed by sandhills
Context: because one cannot make fast progress/
[4] tidnali ngujaribana to be hindered by [the condition of] one's feet
Context: as these are painful.
[5] poto matieli ngujaribana to be delayed by a load
Context: since it is a heavy one.
[6] kupali ngujaribana to be retarded [in one's progress] by a child
Context: because it cannot walk fast.
[7] widlali ngujaribana to be handicapped by one's wife
Context: because she cannot walk fast/
[8] miljarali ngujaribana to be delayed by night
[9] talarali ngujaribana to be delayed by rain
[10] watarali ngujaribana to be delayed by the wind
Context: or: for the wind to delay one.
[11] ditjieli ngujaribana to be delayed by the sun, or heat
[12] narieli ngujaribana to be delayed by a dead man
[13] muntjali ngujaribana to be delayed by a sick man

Spelling: nguya-ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: nguya-ri-rna

[1] ngurani ngujarina to stay behind in the camp
[2] pungani ngujarina to linger inside the wurley
[3] minkani ngujarina to linger around a burrow
Context: to wait until an animal comes out.
[4] tintini ngujarina to come late because of a piece of wood for a 'kirra'
Context: to work for so long at [making] a boomerang, that one arrives late.
[5] jamani ngujarina to lag behind in net-weaving
[6] mauarli ngujarina to loiter around in hunger
Context: not to gather something to eat.
[7] pauani ngujarina to loiter around a seed [patch]
[8] jaurani ngujarina to linger over discussions
Context: to hold long deliberations.
[9] ngujarina turarana to linger and delay over sleep
Context: to sleep in a long time and therefore not get away.

:

[1] paua ngukingukibana to add seed to that which is already there
[2] jaura ngukingukibana to add some remarks to those [already] spoken by someone else; to add one's affirmative opinion
[3] poto ngukingukibana to add more articles to those which one already possesses
[4] widla ngukingukibana to add a second wife to the present one
[5] tjuru ngukingukibana to contribute one's judgement
Context: to help someone to carry out his plan.
[6] punga ngukingukibana to add one wurley to the other
[7] kupa ngukingukibana to add a child to one's own
Context: to adopt one.
[8] ngapa ngukingukibana to add [some] water
Context: e.g. when it rains again.
[9] tiri ngukingukibana to contribute to an argument
Context: by supporting a quarrelsome person.
[10] nari ngukingukibana to add another dead person
Context: to bury another person alongside of others.
[11] jindri ngukingukibana to add one's tears
Context: to join in weeping [and wailing].
[12] milki ngukingukibana to add one's eyes
Context: to help in a search.
[13] kinka ngukingukibana to add to laughter
Context: to join in laughter.
[14] mirtja ngukingukibana to add to shouting
Context: to join in shouting.

Spelling: ngukanguka-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Context: for one's [own] use or advantage.

[1] tjampatjampanali ngukingukibanaterina to accumulate more for oneself by begging
[2] jaurali ngukingukibanaterina to accumulate more for oneself by means of talking
[3] kurujeli ngukingukibanaterina to acquire more for oneself by stealth (stealing)
[4] mankara jinkinali ngukingukibanaterina to accumulate more personal possessions by giving away one's daughters [in marriage]
[5] junkali ngukingukibanaterina to extort more for oneself by getting angry

Spelling: None

Mythology: Godagodana already had many possessions, but he always kept on adding more and more to them.

Spelling: ngukanguka-ipa-tharri-rna

Context: literally, 'to add oneself'.

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Ethnography: During the summer various trees and bushes exude gum, which is gathered up and eaten as a delicacy. Either it is chewed Reuther: "geschnullt" (from schnullen). This is not a Dictionary word, but an expression peculiar to Reuther, which he uses only in this context cf. Dictionary No. 229-7, 229-8; No. 3148-12, etc. like sugar, or it is softened in a bowl of water and enjoyed as a sort of jam. Various kinds of tree resin are the following.

Addition: I have added glosses to these terms -- Reuther simply lists the Diyari words.

[1] wajaka ngulji kind of tree resin
[2] wirra ngulji kind of tree resin
[3] kalju ngulji kind of tree resin
[4] kuntjiri ngulji kind of tree resin
[5] murlu ngulji kind of tree resin
[6] mananda ngulji kind of tree resin

Spelling: None

Context: This is the name given to such trees and bushes as discharge gum [or resin].

:

Spelling: None

Context: The heat does this.

Spelling: None

Context: trees and bushes do this.

Spelling: None

Context: as when it drips (trickles) from trees and bushes.

Spelling: ngulku

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana ngulku person's cheek
[2] ngulku bururu puffed-up cheeks
[3] ngulku nguru secret accusation
[4] ngulku mudana to cease chewing
[5] ngulku kima swelling of the cheeks
[6] ngulku mati fat cheeks
[7] ngulku pirna serious accusation
[8] ngulku tjautjau conflicting accusation
Context: when one says this, another that.
[9] ngulku marapu numerous accusations
[10] ngulku mudana to cease accusing
[11] ngulku puntina to forward accusations hither and thither; various accusations
[12] ngulku burina to state the accusation
[13] ngulkuieli jinkina to indicate by secret means; to betray
[14] ngulku puldru ngankana to kill the accuser
[15] ngulkuni wirina to incite to anger by accusing
[16] ngulkuterkana to accuse; to betray, disclose
[17] punku ngulku rolls of flax
[18] tidna ngulku short toes
[19] ngulku jeljujelju to have a wide mouth

Spelling: ngulku-yitya

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: ngulku-lha

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: ngulku-lha-rlu

Grammar: masculine gender.

Mythology: Kirlawilina betrayed his sister, so that she should be killed.

:

Spelling: ngulu

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] pirra ngulu side (wall) of a coolamon
[2] pita ngulu edge of a scrub
[3] dako ngulu brow of a sandhill
Context: where it is broken down or breached through.
[4] marda ngulu steep incline [or slope] of a range
[5] mita ngulu steep sand-bank [leading up] from a creek
[6] ngapa ngulu head of floodwaters
[7] ngajulu darku end of a journey
Context: from which [point] one starts to turn back again.

:

[1] kana ngulukana to spy on people
[2] ngura ngulukana to spy out a camp
[3] minka ngulukana to pry down a hole
Context: to look inside to see whether there is an animal in it.
[4] koko ngulukana to pry into the hole of a hollow tree; to peep inside a hole in a tree
[5] paja ngulukana to keep birds under observation
Context: from behind a bush.
[6] panto ngulukana to reconnoitre around a lake
Context: to see whether there are birds about.
[7] warukati ngulukana to reconnoitre for emus
[8] tjukuru ngulukana to scout around for kangaroos
[9] maru ngulukana secretly to spy out the plain
Context: by peeping over a sandhill.
[10] kutu ngulukana to look inside a dug-out burrow
[11] pani ngulukana to see nothing
[12] punga ngulukana to search out a wurley
[13] dako ngulukana to inspect a sandhill
Context: to see if there are footprints on it.
[14] poto ngulukana to search around for things
[15] watarali ngulukana for the wind to peer inside
Context: through an opening or aperture.
[16] paua kutu ngulukana to search around for a seed-pit

:

Spelling: None

Mythology: The two wives of Jelkabalubaluna kept their husband under observation with a view to killing him secretly.

:

Spelling: None

Context: when one doesn't trust others.

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

[1] ngapa ngulungaltja water foam
[2] paua ngulungaltja seed foam
Context: bubbly moisture that forms during grinding of seed.
[3] pita ngulungaltja wood foam
Context: sap that oozes out of green wood when it is laid on the fire.
[4] nganti ngulungaltja [natural] juices of meat
Context: when it is being cooked.
[5] ngulungaltja dunkana for rainclouds to ascend in foam [-like appearance)
[6] kindala ngulungaltja dog's saliva
[7] kana ngulungaltja human saliva
Context: when a man in a rage froths from the mouth

:

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Etymology: derived from ngulu forehead, warila big, wide and -na he, denotes 'one that has a broad forehead'.

:

[1] kana ngumu good or pleasant person
[2] jaura ngumu good, nice words
[3] mita ngumu fine country
[4] poto ngumu nice things
[5] punga ngumu attractive wurley
[6] ngapa ngumu good water
[7] ditji ngumu lovely day
[8] mara ngumu skilled hand
[9] tidna ngumu shapely (nice) foot
[10] tali ngumu expert tongue
[11] mudla ngumu beautiful, attractive face
[12] tala ngumu nice name
[13] para ngumu lovely, long hair
[14] kanta ngumu good edible plants
[15] diltja ngumu durable legs or muscles, (when a person is a good runner)
[16] palku ngumu well-built body
[17] nguna ngumu deadly-accurate arm
[18] katu ngumu very protective windbreak
[19] dako ngumu good sandhill
Context: when it is inhabited by numerous animals.
[20] milki ngumu bright eye
[21] noa ngumu good or nice husband or wife
[22] kupa ngumu good, obedient child
[23] teri ngumu finely-developed youth
[24] kutja ngumu pretty feathers
[25] billi ngumu fine dilly-bag
[26] manu ngumu good disposition
[27] ngara ngumu good heart
[28] mandra ngumu healthy stomach
[29] pirra ngumu fine coolamon
[30] tipa ngumu fine pubic covering
[31] muka ngumu good sleep
[32] ngapitja ngumu lovely dream
[33] terti ngumu decent (fine) thirst
Context: e.g. when a person is thirsty and is given a drink of fresh water.
[34] maua ngumu decent hunger
Context: as in 33.
[35] talpura ngumu nice calm [day]
[36] mura ngumu fine ceremony
[37] malka ngumu beautiful markings
Context: [or symbols].
[38] wima ngumu nice song; beautiful song
[39] kilpa ngumu cool atmosphere; cool weather conditions
[40] woldra ngumu lovely warm weather
[41] tandra ngumu delicious fruit, lovely fruit
[42] talku ngumu right [or ripe] and good
[43] pita ngumu beautiful tree
[44] tiri ngumu pretty wild
Context: when [someone] concurs in an argument.
[45] njurdu ngumu fine fur skin
[46] talpa ngumu good-hearing ear
[47] palto ngumu good track
[48] paja ngumu beautiful bird
[49] ngura ngumu fine camp
[50] palara ngumu sheer-level plain
[51] bukatjiri ngumu thick scrub
[52] pirri ngumu finely-sharpened stone chisel
[53] kalara ngumu finely-sharpened stone axe
[54] pantja ngumu strong legs
Context: capable of running well.
[55] kata ngumu fine sense of [musical] timing, good rhythm
[57] jerkala ngumu strong throat
Context: in being able to endure a long period of singing.
[58] kuli ngumu pleasant perfume
[59] kunki ngumu skilled Aboriginal doctor
[60] pirrapinta ngumu able instructor in [tribal] law
[61] kapakapara ngumu good headman, good ring-leader
[62] mili ngumu good servant
Context: who readily obeys.
[63] tupu ngumu lovely smoke
Context: when it rises straight up in the air.
[64] kindala ngumu good dog
[65] marda ngumu fine millstone
[66] tjuru ngumu good memory
[67] wolka ngumu nice young ones
Context: offspring.
[68] kajiri ngumu fine, well-watered creek
[69] nganka ngumu fine, attractive beard
[70] mana ngumu good mouth
Context: i.e. very eloquent.
[71] turu ngumu nice fire
[72] tiwi ngumu lovely flower
[73] jadi ngumu good, fine spindle
[74] wima ngumu kurana to compose a beautiful song
[75] ngumu tirimalina to fight well; to subdue, overcome
[76] ngumu najina to see well
Grammar: adverb use.
[77] ngumu kiririna to learn or practise well
[78] ngumu karibana to tie securely; to hang up securely
Context: e.g. a dilly-bag on a tree.
[79] ngumu witjibana to dry well; to spread out well
[80] ngumu ngamalkana to protect well; to care for properly; to look well after
[81] ngumu najinajibana to look after well
Context: e.g. widows, children.
[82] ngumu mudana to end well
Context: e.g. when no fights occur after the conclusion of ceremonies.
[83] ngumu jiritjina to rise in good health
[84] ngaltja ngumu good saliva
Idiom: when a person is not guilty, or when injustice or injury is done to him.
[85] mani ngumu good fat

:

[1] ngardu ngumujirbana to clean 'ngardu' seed for someone else
[2] pitjiri ngumujirbana to make chewing tobacco good for someone else
Context: to chew it into a quad (lump).
[3] kirra ngumujirbana to make a good boomerang for someone else
Context: to finish it to perfection.

:

[1] nariwonpa ngumuribana to repair the grave-mound and make it look beautiful again
[2] punga ngumuribana to repair, renovate a wurley

:

[1] mita ngumurina for the ground to grow more beautiful
Context: to become ever greener.
[2] nganti ngumurina for animals to improve in appearance
Context: to grow fatter.
[3] pariwilpa ngumurina for the sky to grow brighter
[4] milki ngumurina for eyes to get brighter
Context: for the dust to settle, so that one can see further.
[5] ngapa ngumurina for water to become clearer
[6] diltja ngumurina for muscles to recover after a strenuous march
[7] mudla ngumurina for a face to look more beautiful, after it has been rubbed in with fat
[8] buka ngumurina for food (grass, plants) to mature, ripen
[9] maua ngumurina for one's hunger to improve, when one has been satisfied
[10] malka ngumurina for signs [or symbols] to become more attractive
[11] tapa ngumurina for a wound to improve
Context: to be in the process of healing.
[12] njurdu ngumurina for the hairs on the body to look more attractive
Context: when a man lets his temper go.
[13] mana ngumurina for the mouth to improve
Idiom: to get something better to eat.
[14] kupa ngumurina for a child to improve
Context: for a child to develop.
[15] patara ngumurina for trees to show [signs] of improvement
Context: to become greener.
[16] manu ngumurina for one's disposition to improve
Context: to become more contented.
[17] tjuru ngumurina for one's intelligence to improve
Context: to get better ideas.
[18] jaura ngumurina for words to improve
Idiom: to accede to an invitation.
[19] kirra ngumurina for a boomerang to improve
Context: to acquire a nice shape in the making.
[20] mangini ngumurina to share a greater part in the fun
[21] ngaru ngumurina for a voice to grow clearer, more distinct
[22] mangatandra ngumurina for the head to improve
Context: for a headache to subside.

Spelling: nguna

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] nguna worangantju left arm
[2] nguna ngunari right arm
[3] kana nguna arm of a man
[4] paja nguna wing of a bird
[5] pita nguna branch, bough of a tree
[6] watara nguna outer periphery of a windstorm
[7] pari nguna small subsidiary creek
[8] ngapa nguna arm of water
[9] kirra nguna half-bent boomerang
[10] billi nguna one arm of a fishing-net
[11] kana nguna flank [or ring] of men
Context: e.g. when a camp is surrounded.
[12] ngunajaua circular sweep during a game-hunt
Context: also ngunawajirka.
[13] nguna warpibana to stretch out one's arm
[14] nguna pajiri long arm
[15] nguna wordu short arm
[16] nguna mati fat arm
[17] nguna mararina to strengthen hands
Context: to entice along more people.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: ngunarndula

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: a Diari [word] from nguna branch and dula bulb, indicates small bulbs on the branching roots.

Xref: No. 2369

Spelling: ngunarndula

Grammar: feminine gender.

Etymology: Derived from mguna arm and dulu to bend, Meaning: 'for the arms to bend'. The leaves of these lilies are curved like a sabre, hence the name.

Ethnography: The bulbs of this lily are pounded together with dry leaves and a kaltjantara lizard), mixed with tudna gypsum, put into a dish and placed into water. Invocatory songs for rain are then chanted, in order that the rain may soon set in.

Addition: this is ngunarndula 'crinum lily' (Crinum asiaticum, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crinum_asiaticum). Hercus (2014: 221) gives the same form and meaning.

Xref: No. 462

Spelling: ngunaRi

[1] nguna ngunari right arm
[2] tidna ngunari right foot
[3] pankitiri ngunari right side of the ribs
[4] milki ngunari right eye
[5] panki ngunari right side
[6] dirkala ngunari right shore, right bank
[7] mara ngunari right hand
[8] ngunari terkana to stand on the right

Spelling: ngundra-lha-rlu

Spelling: ngundra-rna

[1] jaura ngundrana to ponder [certain] words; to reflect on [certain] news
[2] ngapa ngundrana to think of water
Idiom: to want a drink.
[3] maua ngundrana to think of one's hunger
Idiom: to want food.
[4] ditji ngundrana to think of the sun
Idiom: to consider the time of day
[5] mita kananeli ngundrana to think of one's traditional country
[6] muka ngundrana to think of sleep
Idiom: to want to sleep
[7] punku ngundrana to think of flax
Context: to want flax
[8] palto ngundrana to keep one's mind on a track
Context: in order not to lose it.
[9] nganti ngundrana to think of [native] game
Idiom: to want meat.
[10] ngura ngundrana to think of one's camp
Idiom: to want to turn back.
[11] punga ngundrana to think of a wurley
Context: to want to build one.
[12] turu ngundrana to think of firewood
Context: to want to fetch some.
[13] morla ngundrana to think of more
Context: to want more.
[14] billi ngundrana to think of one's dilly-bag
Context: to want to fetch it.
[15] kamaneli ngundrana to think of one's friends
[16] ngaperi ngundrana to think of one's father
[17] marda ngundrana to think of a millstone
[18] tepi ngundrana to reflect on one's life
[19] nari ngundrana to contemplate death
[20] dako ngundrana to think of a sandhill
[21] maru ngundrana to think of a vegetable patch
Context: on a small level flat.
[22] dija ngundrana to think of the spot where one ceased to hunt or dig [for roots]
[23] noa ngundrana to think of one's marriage partner
[24] kupa ngundrana to think of one's child
[25] ngara ngundrana to think of one's heart
Context: not to walk too quickly, so that the heart (or the lungs) do not have to work so strenuously.
[26] muntja ngundrana to consider a patient
Context: to give him some food.
[27] pirna ngundrana to think big
Idiom: to devote a lot of thought to something.
[28] waka ngundrana to devote little thought to something
[29] malkiri ngundrana to think of a festive meal
Context: to get it ready.
[30] mura ngundrana to think of one's totemic song
Context: not to forget it.
[31] tjurujeli ngundrana to consider carefully, to ponder over, to reflect upon
Context: with one's intelligence.
[32] manujeli ngundrana to think with inner feelings, to think kindly about; to ponder carefully
[33] pilki ngundrana to think differently
[34] manju ngundrana to think obligingly about; to think well of; to think rightly
[35] tjika ngundrana to think wrongly
[36] japa ngundrana to contemplate with fear; fearfully to anticipate something
[37] miljaru ngundrana to know or recognize the time of night
[38] tajila ngundrana to think of eating
[39] jinkila ngundrana to think of giving
[40] bulu ngundrana unable to think or consider; not to know
[41] talku ngundrana to consider what is right; to think correctly
[42] pratjana ngundrana to know everything
[43] wontila ngundrana to think of looking
Context: to want to search for something.
[44] tidna ngundrana to inspect footprints
Context: [to find out] who went along here.
[45] kutu ngundrana to think of a waterhole
Context: to have a craving for it.
[46] poto ngundrana to have a craving for some things
[47] tupula ngundrana to give consideration to a paralysed man
[48] walto ngundrana to give consideration to the weak
[49] kapi ngundrana to think of eggs
Context: to go in search of eggs.
[50] talara ngundrana to think of the rain
[51] jama ngundrana I to think of a fishing net
Context: of mending it; [wondering] if it might tear; not forgetting it.
[52] tiri ngundrana to think of trouble
Context: to want to cause trouble.
[53] piri ngundrana to consider designs on weapons
Context: to reflect on which ones to engrave or paint thereon.
[54] dilka ngundrana to take prickles into consideration
Context: to take a different route on account of prickles.
[55] mankara ngundrana to have a girl in mind
Context: to desire to have her; (or) to desire to give her in marriage.
[56] doku ngundrana to consider one's back
Context: e.g. when, in the course of a journey, one has been carrying a child for a long time.
[57] tjutju ngundrana to bear snakes (reptiles) in mind
Context: lest, perchance, one be bitten.
[58] mikiri ngundrana to ponder the depths
[59] tinka ngundrana to take night into consideration
[60] mudla ngundrana to recall a face; to recognise a face again
[61] tara ngundrana to consider hard times
[62] pitjiri ngundrana to think of chewing tobacco
Context: to want some; to try ways and means of obtaining some.
[63] wapala ngundrana to consider going
Context: intending to go.
[64] tikala ngundrana to consider returning
[65] ngamala ngundrana to consider staying
[66] buru ngundrana to think of a debt
[67] kutji ngundrana to think of a spirit
Context: e.g. the devil.
[68] ngapitja ngundrana to ponder a dream
Context: to think what it might signify, and what is likely to happen.
[69] nari ngundrana to contemplate death
Context: ie. not that one must die (on account of sin), but that one is going to be killed.
[70] ngarali ngundrana to ponder from the heart
[71] duldrina ngundrana to think of dancing
Context: of soon staging a sacred ceremony.
[72] ngalburu ngundrana to think of darkness (night)
Context: therefore to go home.
[73] mara ngundrana to consider a hand[out]
Context: to consider giving something away.

Spelling: ngundra-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: ngundra-rna-yitya

Spelling: ngundra-tharri-rna

[1] tidna ngundraterina to consider one's own feet
Context: thus not to walk on stones.
[2] kilpa ngundraterina in one's own interests to consider cold weather
Context: therefore to collect some firewood.
[3] milki ngundraterin a to consider one's eyes
Context: so that they do not suffer injury.
[4] waka ngundraterina to think oneself small
Context: when facing some superior power; to feel humble (in the Christian sense).
[5] palku ngundraterina to think of one's body
Context: therefore to sit in the shade; to protect oneself, take care of oneself.
[6] ngara ngundraterina to take one's heart into consideration
Context: therefore not to run fast, nor to become overhot.
[7] palku ngundraterina to think of one's body
Context: to protect it, hence to remain in the shade during summer's heat. Same as [5].
[8] jaurala ngundraterina to think of an informer
Context: to reflect on what one has heard about oneself.

Spelling: ngundra-iyirpa-rna

[1] jaura ngundrijirbana to reflect on what someone else has said
[2] nari ngundrijirbana to confer with someone about the cause of another's death
[3] moku ngundrijirbana to ponder an [act of] sorcery
Context: as to who might have done it.
[4] mita ngundrijirbana to recall country to mind
Context: to remember it.
[5] kamaneli ngundrijirbana to recall one's friends to mind
[6] ditji ngundrijirbana to recall to mind the day in question
[7] pirra ngundrijirbana to recall to mind a particular month (moon)
Context: to remember it
[8] muntja ngundrijirbana to remember an illness
[9] poto ngundrijirbana to remember the articles
[10] palto ngundrijirbana to recall a track to mind
[11] watara pirna ngundrijirbana to remember a strong wind
[12] kupa ngundrijirbana to remember a child

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Context: means 'arm'. The Diari word is nguna, cf. No. 2286. This plant sends out numerous runners from the stem, in a manner similar to the runners on a cucumber. Reuther's "Knollen" actually means 'tubers, bulbs'. "Schoten" would have been more correct.

Spelling: nguntyama-lha-rlu

:

[1] kana nguntjamana to know the people
[2] mita nguntjamana to know the country
[3] ngapa nguntjamana to be acquainted with water, to know where to find water
[4] palto nguntjamana to know the way
[5] jaura nguntjamana to be familiar with the words
Idiom: to recognize a person by his voice.
[6] tali nguntjamana to recognise the tongue
Idiom: to be able to speak a dialect.
[7] ditji nguntjamana to know the sun
Context: to know the time from the sun's position.
[8] tidna nguntjamana to recognize the footprints
[9] billi nguntjamana to recognize a dilly-bag again
[10] muntja nguntjamana to recognize an illness
[11] mudla nguntjamana to recognize a face again
[12] ditji waka nguntjamana to know the constellations
[13] kirra nguntjamana to recognize a boomerang again
[14] tjutju nguntjamana to recognise a reptile
[15] pilki nguntjamana to know something different, to think out something different
[16] manu nguntjamana to know one's disposition, to know one's frame of mind
[17] marda nguntjamana to recognise a millstone again
[18] mura nguntjamana to recognize a sacred ceremony
Context: when hearing it again.
[19] nindri nguntjamana to recognize a shoot
Idiom: its variety or species.
[20] dako nguntjamana to recognize a sandhill again
[21] ngura nguntjamana to recognize a camp again
[22] nariwonpa nguntjamana to recognize a grave mound again
[23] ngapitja nguntjamana to understand a dream
Context: i.e. its meaning.
[24] paru nguntjamana to recognize a fish
Context: i.e. its kind or species.
[25] paja nguntjamana to recognize a bird
Context: i.e. its kind or species.

Spelling: nguntyama-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: nguntyama-rna-yitya

Spelling: nguntyama-tharri-rna

[1] wangiwangi nguntjamaterina to know one's poverty
[2] muntjaia nguntjamaterina to know that one is [likely] to become ill
[3] ngurunguru nguntjamaterina to know one's strength
[4] pirnaru nguntjamaterina to feel like an old man
[5] tepi nguntjamaterina to feel healthy
[6] mara nguntjamaterina to know one's strength (hands)
[7] poto pirnanto nguntjamaterina to feel rich
Context: literally, 'to know oneself with many things'.
[8] kiri nguntjamaterina to know one's skill [or cleverness]

Spelling: nguntyama-iyirpa-rna

[1] ditji nguntjamijirbana to know someone else's day
Context: to know when he will come or go.
[2] billi nguntjamijirbana to recognise somebody else's dilly-bag
[3] tupu nguntjamijirbana to recognise somebody's smoke
Context: to know who kindled a fire.
[4] watara nguntjamijirbana to recognize a wind
Context: to know who has conjured it up.

Spelling: nguntya-nguntyama-rna

[1] kirra nguntjanguntjamana to recognize one boomerang from among a whole number of others
[2] billi nguntjanguntjamana to recognize one dilly-bag from among many others
[3] kana nguntjanguntjamana to recognize one person from among many others
[4] nguntjanguntjamana dakana to work carefully [or thoughtfully] at a weapon
[5] pirna nguntjanguntjamana to pick out the biggest from among a large number of things
[6] punga nguntjanguntjamana to select one particular style of building from amongst variously-constructed wurleys

Spelling: None

Grammar: interrogative pronoun.

Spelling: ngurra

Grammar: adjective and adverb with vi.

[1] pita ngura straight piece of wood
[2] mita ngura always sand
[3] ngapa ngura always water
[4] marda ngura always stones
[5] palto ngura straight track
[6] jaura ngura true, honest, right words
[7] manu ngura always moody. (This is said of a person who constantly bears a grudge)
[8] ditji ngura the sun [is] constant
Context: it always runs the same course.
[9] kilpa ngura cold time and time again
[10] woldra ngura hot time and time again
[11] mita ngura earth [is] eternal
[12] talara ngura rain again and again
[13] jua ngura shouting, tumult all the time
[14] tidna ngura footprints continuously. (This is said of someone who has left and is not coming back)
[15] muka ngura asleep all the time

Spelling: ngura

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] kana ngura human habitation
[2] paru ngura fish haunt; a deep spot in the water
[3] paja ngura bird's nest
Context: nest of a bird that lives on the ground.
[4] wima ngura sacred ceremonial site; corroboree ground
[5] palpara ngura campsite during sacred ceremonies
[6] ngura kangu warmth of a wurley
[7] ngura pirna large camp
[8] ngura waka small camp
[9] ngura malti cool camping-spot
[10] ngura tiri camp in which the people are agitated
[11] ngura dunka old campsite
[12] ngura walpa deserted camp
[13] ngura warru poor camp
Context: i.e. in which the people have nothing [to eat].
[14] ngura kutu deeply-sunken hollow
Context: in which to lie down, i.e. a sleeping-spot in the sand that has been well scooped out.
[15] ngura terti middle[-most] wurley in a camp
[16] ngura kamaneli friendly place
Context: i.e. one's native birthplace.
[17] ngura tula strange place; unfamiliar camp
Context: when camping in strange territory.
[18] ngura maua hungry camp
Context: surrounding which there is little food to be had.
[19] ngura jerto satisfied camp
Context: where there is lots of food to be had.
[20] ngura worita distant camp
[21] ngura kaldri discontented (bitter) camp
Context: where people are often irritable.
[22] ngura matu pirna (this is said of a man who is concerned only about his wurley)
[23] ngura kati confinement wurley
[24] ngura manju peace-loving camp
Context: where people are not quarrelsome.
[25] ngura kapara main camp
Context: where there are almost always people living, even the majority.
[26] ngura toda place where the midday halt is made
[27] ngura wonki permanent campsite
Context: at a waterhole which never dries out.
[28] ngura witi wurley standing apart, near-by
[29] ngura kuribana to erect one's wurley in the vicinity of a grave
[30] ngura wulpuru one wurley alongside the other in camp
[31] ngura muntu wurley where something secret is being got ready, and which no woman may enter
[32] ngura worla wurley in which a child is born
[33] pirra ngura place of the moon
Context: where the moon is supposed to have originally risen, at Mangarani.
[34] ditji ngura place of the sun
Context: Ditjiminka, where the sun is supposed to have risen originally.
[35] ngura manina to set up camp, to move camp; to set up a new camp
[36] ngurakana men, women and children together in the camp
Context: [i.e. the camp inhabitants]
[37] ngura ngapu quiet place
[38] ngura dauru camp vacated during the day
[39] ngura manka camp where no woman is present
[40] ngura kati camp where the warriors are resting
[41] ngura dia place where only tribal relatives live

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: from ngura shin and dikiri high, tall, suggesting a long leg, in this case a tall stem.

:

Spelling: None

Context: e.g. a net, a dilly-bag.

:

Spelling: ngurakathi-rna

Context: literally, 'to hang up one's legs'.

[1] muka ngurakatina to stretch out one's legs during sleep
[2] ngurakatina ngamana to be seated with outstretched legs
Grammar: adverb use.
[3] talara ngurakatina for the rain to become widespread
[4] ditji pilpa ngurakatina for the sun's rays to spread out
[5] pita kapara ngurakatina for roots to spread out
[6] kindala ngurakatina for a dog to stretch itself
[7] woma ngurakatina for a carpet-snake to extend itself
Context: when it is not coiled up.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: from ngura shin, stem and kulka to open up, to spread out. The bush spreads out at the top in the shape of a chalice.

Spelling: ngura-lha

Spelling: ngurra-li

Grammar: adjective and adverb with vtr.

[1] ngurali wapana to keep going continually
Context: walking along the track.
[2] ngurali najina to keep looking at something continually
[3] ngura ngurali permanent camp
Context: where people are always staying.
[4] manu ngurali continually to have the same thoughts
[5] jaura ngurali continually to have something to say
[6] ngapakudna ngurali [permanent] waterhole
Context: where there is always water.
[7] muntja ngurali continually sick
[8] mita ngurali continually sand
[9] ngurali tiri continual strife
[10] pita ngurali trees everywhere
[11] ngurali maua continually hungry
[12] Mura ngurali eternal deity
[13] palto [ngurali] very long way
[14] ngurali ngamana to camp (sit) continually on one spot

Spelling: ngurra-rlu

Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: ngura-rlu ngura-rlu

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: derived from ngura stem and maralje red, indicates 'a plant with a red stem'.

Spelling: None

Context: literally, 'to illuminate or brighten up a place'.

Spelling: None

Grammar: feminine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: a Diari [word] derived from ngura shin and puda white as ashes, and indicates that the stem of the plant is as white as ash.

Spelling: ngurra-Ri-ipa-rna

[1] kana nguraribana to stretch a person out
Context: to induce a person to stay away for a long time.
[2] nariwonpa nguraribana to stretch a grave-mound
Context: to lengthen a grave-mound.
[3] kirra nguraribana to stretch a boomerang
Context: to weigh it down, so that it assumes the right shape.
[4] poto nguraribana to hold on to certain articles
Context: and not allow them to be exchanged.
[5] jama nguraribana to stretch out a fishing-net by pulling it lengthwise
[6] jinka nguraribana to stretch a [human hair] string
[7] talara nguraribana to cause the rain to keep on
Context: by chanting an invocatory song.
[8] paja nguraribana to enchant birds to stay longer at one [particular] spot
Context: so that they can be hunted with boomerangs.

Spelling: ngurra-Ri-rna

[1] kana ngurarina This is said of a person who stays away
[2] ngapa ngurarina to be forever raining
[3] muramura ngurarina where the 'muramura' died, there he 'ngurarina' [abides for ever]
[4] manu ngurarina to think of one and the same thing all the time
[5] mudla ngurarina to turn one's face towards something all the time
[6] ngaru ngurarina to come to a decision after a lot of discussion to and fro
[7] palto ngurarina for a winding track eventually to continue straight on
[8] kajiri ngurarina for a winding creek eventually to flow straight on
[9] dako ngurarina for several sandhills to merge
[10] pita ngurarina for a sprout to shoot straight up
[11] tidna ngurarina to lengthen one's steps, to hurry onward

Spelling: ngura-Ri-rna

Context: e.g. when one after another arrives and settles down.

Ethnography: This banquet is prepared in honour of the children, so that they may thrive. It bears a certain resemblance to a christening dinner. In most cases it is prepared by the child's mother, after she has regained her lost strength following on the child's birth, and when the child is beginning to [show signs of] favourable development. In the majority of instances, however, the preparation of this banquet is delayed until rain has fallen, as the result of which it is easier to stock the table for a large gathering. So then, after the mother of the recently-born babe has gathered a good quantity of seed, etc., the nearest of kin are especially invited to the ngurawikani-buka, as well as anyone who may have assisted at the time of the birth. The friends and relatives thus congregated evidence their joy in the infant, and congratulate the parents at having such a fine child. Conversation, of course, is mostly of a nature that one would be pleased to hear. This banquet in the child's honour is repeated from time to time, in order to demonstrate how [well] the child is developing.

Spelling: None

Grammar: masculine gender.

Semclass: Plants

Etymology: derived from ngura shin or stem and wonpa heap; mass, indicates that 'a whole mass or multitude of seed grows along the stem'.

Spelling: ngurthi

Grammar: masculine gender.

[1] pita ngurdi dry leaves from trees
[2] ngapa ngurdi scum on water
Context: which floats on the [surface] near the edge.
[3] ngura ngurdi camp waste
Context: that lies round about.
[4] para ngurdi rubbish in one's hair
Context: which remains hanging [there].
[5] paua ngurdi seed husks or chaff
[6] mudla ngurdi face rubbish
Idiom: ugly face. This is an abusive term.
[7] ngurdi mapana to heap up chaff
[8] ngurdi pitjakana to sift chaff, to winnow chaff

:

Spelling: ngurthi-ri-ipa-rna

Context: i.e. to render motionless.

[1] nari ngurdiribana for death to render motionless
[2] pinga ngurdiribana for a group of blood-avengers to render (someone) motionless
Context: to kill [him].

:

Spelling: ngurthi-ri-ipa=rna-yitya

Context: i.e. 'a killer'. Reuther: "der zu Spreumacher; Toeder". In this word there lies the implication that the person is smashed to pieces; this is the case during a vendetta. Here the person, in actual fact, is speared through and through and completely beaten up.

Spelling: ngurthi-ri-rna

[1] nari ngurdirina for a dead person to turn to waste ("chaff")
Context: This is said of a person who has just died and lies motionless. The same [is said] of all members of the body when they have atrified or become withered.

Spelling: ngurkama-lha-rlu

Spelling: ngurkuma-rna

[1] paru ngurkumana to finish cooking a half-baked fish
[2] ditjieli mita ngurkumai sun dries out the ground
[3] tidna ngurkumana to dry or warm one's feet (by the fire)
[4] mara ngurkumana to dry or warm one's hands
[5] karku ngurkumana to dry out a cake of red ochre
[6] kandri ngurkumana to dry some resin

Spelling: ngurkuma-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: ngurkama-rna-yitya

Context: e.g. the sun, wind, fire

Spelling: ngurkuma-tharri-rna

Spelling: ngurkuma-iyirpa-rna

:

[1] ngurlungurlu najina to see dimly; not to see clearly
[2] pariwilpa ngurlungurlu dismal sky
Context: when enveloped in dust or fog.
[3] pirra ngurlungurlu obscured moon
Context: when conditions are dusty or foggy.
[4] milki ngurlungurlu dim eye[sight]
Context: i.e. when a person is unable to see properly.
[5] tjuru ngurlungurlu dull mind, intellect
Context: e.g. when one does not understand a speech or cannot grasp it.
[6] ngaiala ngurlungurlu indistinct [or unintelligible] voice
Context: e.g. when one cannot understand what somebody is calling out.
[7] kulnuni ngurlungurlu uninformed about someone
Context: e.g. when [that] someone is away and one does not know where he is.
[8] malka ngurlungurlu hazy, indistinct, faded marks [or figures]
[9] pirra ngurlungurlu unrecognizable marks on weapons
Context: so that their totemic Reuther: "das Geschlecht (Seichen)". symbolism cannot be clearly seen.
[10] tidna ngurlungurlu old, jumbled-up footprints
[11] mardawonpa ngurlungurlu dark or obscure mountain
Context: when it is still a long way off.
[12] talara-palku ngurlungurlu clouds enveloped in fog

Spelling: None

Context: e.g. dust.

Mythology: Darana saw clouds coming up, 'enveloped' in dust; this he called ngurlungurlu.

:

Spelling: None

Context: e.g. as dust obscures the earth or the sun, etc.

:

[1] tjuru ngurlungurlurina for memories (thoughts) to grow dim
Context: i.e. to have still only a vague memory of something.
[2] ditji ngurlungurlurina for the sun to become obscured
[3] mita ngurlungurlurina for the land[scape] to become obscured (by fog)
[4] milki ngurlungurlurina for the eyes to grow dim
[5] malka ngurlungurlurina for marks or symbols to become obscured, obliterated

:

Spelling: None

Etymology: This is a Wonkanguru word that has intruded [into the language], signifying kulno in Diari, e.g. kana nguru or kana kulno another person.

Spelling: None

Context: in a bad sense.

:

Spelling: None

Mythology: Two young people once found a teri youth, who had been deserted by his friends. They both dressed (decorated) him up, offered him some weapons, and in that way gave him [new] strength, that is to say, they made him ngurunguru.

Spelling: None

Context: 'to bless' in a certain sense.

[1] kupa ngurungudana to strengthen a child, to dedicate a child
Ethnography: In order that children may develop well and grow strong, a festive meal on their behalf is often given by the father, at which the father's mura is sung.
[2] kupa ngurungudana to initiate a youth
Context: literally 'child'.

Ethnography: This takes place when a circumcised young man is taken along on a nomadic journey or on a vendetta for the first time.
[3] talara ngurungudana to strengthen rain, to bless rain
Ethnography: In this case the rainclouds are enchanted, so that they will yield more rain.
[4] ngapa ngurungudana to bless water
Ethnography: In this case the flood[waters] are enchanted, so that they proceed further [downstream].
[5] kamaneli ngurungudana to initiate a friend, to strengthen a friend
Ethnography: In this instance, for example, one tells a friend (who is hostile towards someone) that one is angry with him, [too], in order that, should he desire to harm ]his opponent], he is not led to believe that one will take his part.

:

[1] mita ngurunguru hard ground
[2] pita ngurunguru hard wood; a tight post
[3] kana ngurunguru strong men
[4] jaura ngurunguru sharp, hard words
[5] tjuru ngurunguru dull (hard) intelligence
Context: when a person cannot grasp anything.
[6] ngara ngurunguru hard, unsympathetic heart
[7] manu ngurunguru solid disposition
Context: e.g. when a man maintains his ground, sticks to his opinion, or has firm principles.
[8] billi ngurunguru strong dilly-bag
[9] jinka ngurunguru strong string
[10] marda ngurunguru heavy stone
[11] punga ngurunguru firmly-constructed wurley
[12] ngapa ngurunguru fast-flowing water
[13] tali ngurunguru sharp tongue; hard words; stuttering tongue
[14] watara ngurunguru strong wind
[15] woldra ngurunguru intense (strong) heat
[16] nguna ngurunguru strong arm
[17] mandra ngurunguru satisfied stomach
[18] palku ngurunguru strong body; strong person
[19] milki ngurunguru sharp eye
[20] muntja ngurunguru serious, lasting illness
[21] mara ngurunguru hard, fisticated hand
Context: i.e. a person who gives nothing away.
[22] tala ngurunguru hard fur, skin
[23] diltja ngurunguru tough muscles
Idiom: person who can run well.
[24] juri ngurunguru prominent (thick) veins
[25] teri ngurunguru strong, robust youth
[26] pildripildri ngurunguru heavy (strong) thunder
[27] mita tali ngurunguru to hear the heavy rolling of the earth's collapse
[28] mandikilla ngurunguru strong waves

Spelling: ngurrungurru-Ri-ipa-rna

:

[1] bukali ngurungururina to gain strength by eating
[2] muntjala ngurungururina for a patient to grow strong [again]
[3] ngapali ngurungururina to gain strength by [drinking] water, when one has satisfied his fill
[4] kupa ngurungururina for a child to grow strong
[5] ngurungururina jatana to keep on speaking more firmly, more sharply, more loudly
[6] mangatandra ngurungururina for one's head to grow stronger
Idiom: for one to feel always stronger than others.
[7] ntjuruntjururina maku manina to grow stronger by lifting something heavy

ngadadikana v. to come back later; to go backwards, to retreat

ngadaiapakaru n. late-runner

ngadaiapakaruetja n. one who is always the last to arrive

ngadaiapakaruribana v. to overtake someone

ngadaiapakarurilalu n. arriving last

ngadaiapakarurina v. to arrive last

ngadaiapakarurinaterina v. to remain behind to one's own advantage; to arrange things in such a way that one is the last to arrive

ngadala n. one who comes on behind

ngadalalu n. last

ngadani adv. afterwards; later

ngadanietja n. last one; person who always arrives too late

ngadaribana v. to carry (something) back

ngadarina v. to come later on

ngadla n. cheek

ngaiala n. voice; noises [of insects and animals]; sharpness; projection

ngaialaetja n. one who bawls or sings out; crier, bawler

ngaialaribana v. to induce to sing out or cry out; to cause to give off a sound

ngaialarina v. to give off a sound; to sound forth

ngaialarinaterina v. to call out for one's own sake

ngaiana pro. we

ngaianana pro. us

ngaiananaia pro. of our

ngaiananali pro. our

ngaiananani pro. to our

ngaianangu pro. to us

ngaianani pro. our

ngaianani pro. our

ngaianani pro. our

ngaiani pro. we

ngaianina pro. us

ngaianinaia pro. of our

ngaianinali pro. our

ngaianinani pro. to our

ngaianingu pro. to us

ngaianini pro. our

ngaianini pro. our

ngaianini pro. our

ngaji pro. [shall I]?

ngajimarla n. throat, oesophagus

ngajimarla duljina . to stop going further

ngajipiltji n. throat, gullet

ngaka n. front of neck

ngakala n. type of tree

ngakaliri n. throat; gullet

ngakamalkana v. to cause to flow into and then to let out

ngakana v. to flow downstream

ngakanaia pro. of my

ngakanali pro. my

ngakanani pro. to my

ngakangu pro. to me

ngakani pro. my

ngakani pro. my

ngakani pro. of me; my

ngakanka n. type of plant

ngakatarana v. to run out; to run over

ngalara n. sand

ngalarala n. sandhill-dweller

ngalararibana v. to cause to become choked with sand

ngalararina v. to become filled with sand; to become choked with sand

ngalburu n. darkness

ngalburula n. one who loves darkness; the devil; night bird

ngalburulalu n. darkness

ngalbururibana v. to make (something) dark or gloomy

ngalbururina v. to grow dark

ngalbururinaterina v. to darken (something) for one's own sake

ngaldra pro. we two

ngaldrana pro. us two; both of us

ngaldranaia pro. of both our

ngaldranali pro. both our

ngaldranani pro. to both our

ngaldrangu pro. to both of us

ngaldrani pro. of us two; of both of us

ngaldrani pro. both our

ngaldrani pro. both our

ngali pro. we two

ngalina pro. us two; both of us

ngalinaia pro. of both our

ngalinali . both our

ngalinani pro. to both our

ngalingu pro. to both of us