Spelling: pardaka-lha-rlu

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  • [1] jera padakana to bring here, hither
  • [2] jerra padakana to take there, thither
  • [3] poto padakana to bring things here; to take things there
  • [4] jaura jerra padakana to take news yonder
  • [5] widla jera padakana to [go and] fetch a woman
  • [6] kana padakana to take people along
  • [7] kirra padakana to take a boomerang along
  • [8] buka padakana to take food along
  • [9] pitjiri padakana to take chewing-tobacco along
  • [10] ngara padakana to bring along one's heart
    Idiom: to have a feeling that something extraordinary is in the wind.
  • [11] nari padakana to bring about a death
    Context: to lure in a friendly way the man whom one desires to kill.
  • [12] ngapa padakana to take water along
  • [13] mita padakana to bring country hither
    Context: to mention place-names, as though they were there in front of one's eyes.
  • [14] tidna padakana to bring footprints along
    Context: to announce that one has observed footprints over yonder.
  • [15] manu padakana to carry one's sentiments around
    Idiom: to be unable to forget an idea
  • [16] tidna padakana to carry footprints
    Idiom: to follow, trace, pursue, someone's footprints.
  • [17] butju padakana to lead along a blind man
  • [18] muntja padakana to lead along a sick man
  • [19] kupa padakana to take a child along
  • [20] ngarimata padakana to bring down a flood, to bring on a flood, to precipitate a flood
    Context: by means of the sacred ceremonial songs.
  • [21] kaldra padakana to carry away a call
    Context: to call people together, this way.
  • [22] jutju padakana to convey goods thither for exchange
  • [23] mudla tiri padakana to take along an angry face
    Idiom: to become reconciled to someone. (One party brings an angry face, while the other carries it away; thus they compose their differences).
  • [24] muntja padakana to spread a contagious disease
  • [25] kutja padakana to take along a bundle of feathers
    Ethnography: This tuft of feathers informs [certain] men that they may come and fetch young girls to marry. Prevously the [others] have fetched their wives from hence.
  • [26] mudla padakana to bring along (somebody's) nose
    Idiom: If a person's nose itches, [it is believed] a friend is on the way; the nose, however, has already brought this friend here in advance.
  • [27] maljakapi padakana to carry thither a lump of gypsum
    Context: [from a man's beard], Reuther: "Bartkalkklumpen". See Volume XII, No. 472. as a sign that a vendetta is being planned.
  • [28] miljaru padakana to follow up the time of night
    Context: to see how far it has advanced.
  • [29] kandri padakana to carry thither [a lump of] resin
    Context: as a sign that the muramura marakandri is being performed.
  • [30] wuduwudu padakana to carry thither a small piece of wood with emu feathers
    Context: as a sign that a mind[i]ri festival is going to take place.
  • [31] kana ko padakana to lead or guide someone who is unfamiliar (with the country or track)
  • [32] warukati padakana to round up (drive) emus
  • [33] kindala padakana to take along one's dog
  • [34] turumanja padakana to carry along a firestick

Spelling: pardaka-rna-yitys

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  • [1] nari padakaterina to carry one's own loved one (deceased) to the grave. It is not customary to do this, but since the deceased in this instance was [so] dearly loved, the person concerned does this himself
  • [2] paua padakaterina to take along [edible] seed for oneself
  • [3] poto padakaterina to take certain things along for oneself
  • [4] jaura padakaterina to go along with one's own ideas
  • [5] tidna padakaterina to follow in one's own footprints
  • [6] palku padakaterina to take along one's own body
    Idiom: to hurry oneself.
  • [7] tepi padakaterina to carry one's own life
    Idiom: to save one's life.
  • [8] manu padakaterina to bear one's own frame of mind
    Idiom: to keep one's thoughts to oneself, and stick to them.
  • [9] ngajimarla padakaterina to carry one's outstretched neck along for oneself
    Idiom: to go anywhere without prejudice, and meet one's death.
  • [10] ninta padakaterina to carry away one's own shame
    Idiom: to feel ashamed and leave
  • [11] mura padakaterina to take (carry) along one's own 'mura' [song or ceremony]
    Context: i.e. not to forget it.
  • [12] jaura padakaterina to pass on one's own remarks (or news); to take away one's own ideas
    Context: not to express them.
  • [13] ngapa padakaterina to carry rain (water) away
    Context: a cloud does this.
  • [14] paraitji padakaterina to take away light
    Context: the sun does this.
  • [15] paja padakaterina to take birds away
  • [16] muntja padakaterina to take sickness away with one
  • [17] kuma padakaterina to spread news of death oneself

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  • [1] kindala padakijirbana to take along the dog for someone else
  • [2] poto padakijirbana to take along articles for someone else
  • [3] buka padakijirbana to take along food (bread) for someone else

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Spelling: pardi
Context: Following are all the edible caterpillars and grubs that may be listed under the genus of padi.
Grammar: feminine gender.
  • [1] muluru type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [2] wadlula type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [3] kudnijinka type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [4] diriminta type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [5] kalpikalpiri type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [6] kalju type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [7] burku type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [8] kuntjiri type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [9] parlaparu type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [10] kantjawaru type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [11] tarapalla type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [12] kapukapu type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [13] narimalpiri type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [14] tillikauira type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [15] kawakawalka type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [16] kudnijinka type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
    Xref: No. 2664-3
  • [17] duninta type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [18] wirra type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [19] kuluwa type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.
  • [20] kakatji type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub
    Semantics: type of padi.

Spelling: pardi-yitya

Spelling: pardi-Ri-ipa-rna
Ethnography: by virtue of an invocatory song.

Spelling: pardi-Ri-rna

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Etymology: a Jauraworka word, compounded of padla bird and baru yellow, and means 'a yellow bird'.
Addition: under No. 3270-33 Reuther lists "padlaparu" as a type of animal that makes a track, perhaps an insect associated with this tree.

Spelling: payi

Spelling: paltyi
Grammar: masculine gender.
Ethnography: Here boomerangs are inserted. between the hair-belt and the skin. [The term has now been borrowed to mean] pocket].

Spelling: paya
  • [1] nauja paja he bird
    Context: bird of the male sex.
  • [2] nania paja she bird
    Context: bird of the female sex.
  • [3] paja tidna bird foot, bird tracks
  • [4] paja nguna bird arm, wing
  • [5] paja kutja bird feather
  • [6] paja tiripoto bird down
  • [7] paja mana bird beak (mouth)
  • [8] paja palku bird meat (body)
  • [9] paja kapi bird eggs
  • [10] paja mani bird fat
  • [11] paja marapu many birds
  • [12] paja worla bird nest
  • [13] paja mangatandra bird head
  • [14] paja palto bird track
    Mythology: where a muramura wandered about as a bird.
  • [15] paja kunalkiri bird roost [or habitat]
    Context: i.e. [a place] where they sit down together in flocks.
  • [16] paja kirara rustle of birds in flight
  • [17] paja ngapaminkala birds that nest near water
  • [18] paja burakala land bird
  • [19] paja ngapala water bird
  • [20] paja marda bird stones
    Context: petrified eggs of the muramura.
  • [21] paja jampa strange birds
    Context: that appear only from time to time.
  • [22] paja ngami flock of birds
  • [23] paja kuparu young bird (offspring)
  • [24] paja ngankana to make birds
    Context: to request birds' eggs [at the increase ceremonies].
  • [25] paja kungara whirring and screeching of birds
    Context: when a flock flies upward.
  • [26] paja ngaru bird call
  • [27] paja jatana for a bird to talk, or make a noise
  • [28] paja dijana to aim at birds
    Context: [with a boomerang].
  • [29] paja mapana to gather birds together
    Ethnography: by means of an invocatory song.
  • [30] paja kudna bird dung
  • [31] paja jinpana to chase birds away, to scare birds away, to enchant birds
    Context: [to enachant by] a ngilbi sorcerer
  • [32] paja tajina to eat birds
  • [33] paja dangana to chase birds away
  • [34] paja karkarkana to lure birds
    Context: to call birds forth by means of an invocatory song.
  • [35] paja purulkaterina for birds to brood or hatch
  • [36] paja kuma bird death-call
    Ethnography: i.e. when a bird indicates by its call that someone has died somewhere.
  • [37] pajajeri wapana to go about disguised as a bird
    Context: e.g. as a crow..
  • [38] pajali kana kaukaubana for birds to warn (tell) people
    Context: e.g. by their noisiness to announce someone's approach.
  • [39] paja ngapa kaukaubanietja for birds to indicate water in the neighbourhood
    Context: such as the tiwilitja. If one catches sight of these birds, there must be water in the vicinity, for they do not fly far away from it.
  • [40] paja woldra kaukaubanietja birds that indicate hot weather
    Context: e.g. when the kurukuku and murlapara ascend high into the sky in the morning.
  • [41] paja watara kaukaubanietja birds that announce an oncoming storm
    Context: the godagoda bird.
  • [42] paja kutji kaukaubanietja birds that announce the devil to be in the vicinity
    Context: such as the kapakaparunga. If one of these cries out, the devil is certain to be near-by.
  • [43] paja talara kaukaubanietja birds that announce [the approach of] rain
    Context: e.g. the tindritindri which say: "build your wurleys".
  • [44] paja mardamamamalina for birds to take stones away from each other
    Context: when they happily twitter and hop around each other.
  • [45] paja ngarimata kaukaubanietja birds that announce [the approach of] a flood
    Context: e.g. the kurubakula.
  • [46] paja pinga kaukaubanietja bird that announces [the approach of] a blood-avenger troop
    Context: e.g. the milkiwari.
  • [47] paja kapiri kaukaubanietja bird indicating [the presence of] a goanna
    Context: If a kirki is perched anywhere a goanna is sure to be in the vicinity.
  • [48] paja ngura kaukaubanietja bird indicating [the presence of] a camp
    Context: e.g. the kutjikutji and the wipaburuburu. These birds live mostly in the vicinity of humans. When a person hears one of these calling, he may assume that there are people close-by.
  • [49] paja nari kaukaubanietja bird that announces a death
    Context: e.g. carrion birds [or birds of prey] such as putandara wulu. If a search is being made for a dead man or for someone who has perished of thirst, and a putandara wulu is seen perched somewhere, one may [safely] assume that the dead body is in close proximity.
    Mythology: The following muramura wandered about as birds: Watapajirini, Ngardutjalpani, Normally spelt "Ngardutjelpani". Wonduwondu, Karawora, Murlapara, Kurukuku, Kawalka wulu, Kirki wulu, Kadnimandrani wulu, Waluwaluka, Putantara wulu, Kurawonparunga wulu, Tiritiriwulula, Papapana, and Milkiwari

Spelling: paya-yitya

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Etymology: from paja bird, jakara tooth and -na he signifies 'a bird-eater', Reuther: "der Vogelzahn". because he [would] chase birds and eat them.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Etymology: made up of paja bird, minka hole, burrow, and -ni she, indicates 'one that sits on a bird's nest', in other words, that digs out a round hole, like a bird which makes its nest in a hollow.

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Etymology: derived from paja bird and moku bone, meaning 'bone of a bird'. That is to say, the stem is hollow like a bird.

Spelling: payaRa
Grammar: feminine gender.
Ethnography: son-in-law speaking. A daughter-in-law calls her mother-in-law as well as the latter's brothers and sisters kalari.

Spelling: paya-ri-ipa-lha-rlu

Spelling: paya-ri-ipa-rna
Context: This is done by way of invocatory songs [or increase ceremonies]. Reuther: "Gebetsgesang".

Spelling: paya-ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna
Context: i.e. to perform [increase] ceremonies Reuther: "Gebetsgesang" for birds, so that one may have birds and eggs to eat.

Spelling: paya-ri-rna
Context: This is said of young birds that have not yet attained full growth.

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Spelling: payirri
  • [1] kana pajiri tall person
  • [2] pita pajiri tall tree
  • [3] panto pajiri long lake
  • [4] dako pajiri long sandhill
  • [5] wipa pajiri long valley
  • [6] palto pajiri long way
  • [7] kajiri pajiri long creek
  • [8] kalti pajiri long spear
  • [9] minka pajiri deep hole
  • [10] koko pajiri deeply-gouged out hole in a tree
  • [11] moku pajiri long bone
  • [12] marda pajiri high range (or ridge)
  • [13] billi pajiri deep dillybag
  • [14] jama pajiri long fishing-net
  • [15] jinka pajiri long [piece of] string
  • [16] mudlatjiri pajiri dog's instinct
    Context: he can smell a long way.
  • [17] tidna pajiri big stride
  • [18] diltja pajiri long muscles; long legs
  • [19] pajiri wapana to go long way
    Grammar: adverb use.
  • [20] ngajirmarla pajiri long neck
  • [21] nganka pajiri long beard
  • [22] nguna pajiri long arm
  • [23] miljaru pajiri long night period (in winter)
  • [24] tinka pajiri long night
  • [25] jaura pajiri long speech
  • [26] malka pajiri long stripes (i body decorations)
  • [27] pariwilpa pajiri expansive (broad) sky
  • [28] watapajiri name of a 'muramura'
  • [29] njurdu pajiri long hairs on the body
  • [30] nura pajiri long tail
  • [31] kana pajiri long procession of people
  • [32] manu pajiri slow (long) disposition
    Context: e.g. when a person is long-winded about something, while pondering over it.
  • [33] para pajiri long hair
  • [34] dikiri pajiri tall 'dikiri' grass
  • [35] punga pajiri long wurley
  • [36] mita pajiri long country, long way
  • [37] kutu pajiri deep (long) hole
  • [38] mura pajiri long-lasting ceremony
  • [39] wutju pajiri long and lean
  • [40] muntja pajiri long[lasting] illness
  • [41] wolara pajiri long procession (crowd)
    Context: i.e. when lots of people are walking one behind the other.
  • [42] ngapitja pajiri long dream
  • [43] malti pajiri long [spell of] cool [weather]; long winter
  • [44] witta pajiri long step; long life
  • [45] ngapa pajiri long water[hole]

Spelling: payirri-yitya

Spelling: payirri-lha-rlu
Mythology: Dimpiwalakana brought along a tall tree.

Spelling: payirri-ri-ipa-rna
  • [1] jinka pajiriribana to lengthen a string
  • [2] jama pa jiriribana to lengthen a fishing-net

Spelling: payirri-ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: payirri-ri-rna
  • [1] kupa pajiririna for a child to grow [tall or big]
  • [2] jama pajiririna for a fishing-net to get long
  • [3] billi pajiririna for a net-bag to get long (deep)
  • [4] kajiri pajiririna for a creek to extend a long way
  • [5] tinka pajiririna for the night to last a long time [or to get longer]
  • [6] pita pajiririna for a tree to grow taller
  • [7] muka pajiririna for sleep to last longer
  • [8] minka pajiririna for a hurrow to extend a long way
  • [9] ditji pajiririna for the days to get longer

Spelling: paka
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] kana paka type of person
  • [2] paka walpamaralje type with bleached hair
  • [3] paka kamaneli friendly type
    Context: i.e. a similar type; the same type.
  • [4] paka tula strange type
  • [5] paka maralje red variety
  • [6] paka maru black variety
  • [7] paka wordu short variety
  • [8] paka pajiri large, tall variety
  • [9] paka tjeri small variety
  • [10] paka pilki another variety
  • [11] mita paka pilki earth with a different appearance
    Context: different-looking soil.
  • [12] pariwilpa paka maru sky with a black appearance, black-looking sky
  • [13] pariwilpa paka waru atmosphere (sky) with a pale (white) appearance
    Context: after a duststorm.
  • [14] ditji paka pilki sun with a different appearance
  • [15] ngapa paka pilki water with a different appearance than usual
  • [16] pita paka pilki different type of tree
  • [17] nganti paka pilki different species (or) breed of animal
  • [18] dako paka pilki different type of sandhill
  • [19] paka karitjina to acquire a different appearance
  • [20] paka madlentji bad variety
  • [21] paka ngumu good variety
  • [22] jaura paka pilki words of a different nature
    Context: i.e. when one speaks differently from what one thinks.
  • [23] tali paka pilki different kind of tongue
    Context: i.e. another language.
  • [24] tidna paka pilki different type of foot
  • [25] watara paka pilki different kind of wind
    Context: i.e. an extraordinary wind.
  • [26] ngaru paka pilki different type of voice
  • [27] paraitji paka pilki different sort of fire
    Context: e.g. a fire [to announce] a death.
  • [28] milki paka pilki different kind of eyes
  • [29] kapi paka type of eggs
  • [30] malka paka pilki different type of mark (or) design
  • [31] mara paka pirna diligent sort of hand
  • [32] mara paka manka slow hand
  • [33] mana paka pirna big sort of mouth
    Idiom: person who talks a lot about himself.
  • [34] ngaperi paka father's type
    Context: [or likeness], when a child is like its father.
  • [35] ngandri paka mother's type
    Context: [or likeness].
  • [36] paka kulno one and the same variety

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Spelling: None
Ethnography: e.g. to cause seed to ripen by singing the invocatory song.

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Spelling: paki-ipa-rna
Comparative: Diari
pakina
to burst
Wkng
paltinta
to burst
Kuj
papananta
to burst
Ngam
pakina
to burst
Wkb
paltinta
to burst
Jaur
burulindriri
to burst
Jandr
pakiri
to burst
Mythology: This word bears reference to the muramura Kudnampana, who once ate so much [grass] seed, that he finally burst (pakina).
  • [1] jinka pakibana to tie a [piece of] string around
    jinka pakibau kapa ngururila
    tie a string belt around, to give strength to your loins (for running)
  • [2] kati pakibana to put on some clothing
    kati pakibau talarani kupantali, kupa kilpali ngarraiati
    wrap [some] clothes of fur round the child [to protect it] from the rain, lest the child freezes in the cold
  • [3] kulpuru pakibana to put on a string hat (made of net)
  • [4] tjerabu pakibana to tie a head-band around
  • [5] nganti pakibana to divide up some meat
    nganti ngato pakibananto pratjanani jinkila
    I must divide up the meat, to be able to give [a portion] to everybody
  • [6] tidna pakibana to clothe the feet
    Ethnography: This applies to the witchdoctors tidnanipa pakibau wapala put on the [feather] shoes before you go

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  • [1] ngapa pakina for water to break through, to overflow
    Context: when it is full.
  • [2] kima pakina for a tumour to burst
  • [3] nganti pakina for an animal to burst asunder
    Context: when it is laid right in the ashes.
  • [4] mita pakina for the ground to open up
    Context: i.e. when it develops cracks [and fissures].
  • [5] tapa pakina for a wound to break open
  • [6] kuma pakina for news of a death to spread
  • [7] jaura pakina for words to burst forth
  • [8] ngara pakina for one's heart to break forth
    Idiom: to freely expresses the innermost thoughts in one's heart.
  • [9] kalu pakina for the liver to break forth
    Idiom: to be upset, to be weeping.
  • [10] mara pakina for a hand to break open
    Idiom: to suddenly gives a lot of things away
  • [11] turu pakina for a fire to crackle
    Context: Wood, [too], often [does this].
  • [12] kapi pakina for eggs to burst open
    Context: when they are being baked in the ashes.
  • [13] junga pakina for a skin-waterbag to burst
  • [14] milki pakina for one's eyes to pop open
    Idiom: when a person beholds something which he has never seen before.
  • [15] pariwilpa pakina for the heavens to burst asunder
    Context: when it starts to rain.
  • [16] tjuru pakina for memory to burst open
    Idiom: for one suddenly to remember something.
  • [17] tidna pakina for feet to develop cracks
  • [18] woldrali pakina to burst asunder from the heat
  • [19] marda pakina for a stone to crack
  • [20] tupu pakina for buds to burst
  • [21] billi pakina for a dilly-bag to burst open

Spelling: paki-rna
  • [1] jaurali pakina to break forth in words
    Context: to be bursting with words, to be full of words. nau bururu ngamana warai, nau ngaianingu karari pakina warai he full sat, he towards us now burst open he was arrogant (fat, full, and running over); now he burst forth at us
  • [2] nganti pakina for an animal to burst
    Context: while cooking in the ashes. ngato ninaia wajina warai ja nauja pakina warai I him roasted and he burst I was cooking the animal in the ashes, and whilst cooking it burst In the case of all animals [the carcase] is cooked in the ashes without having been cut up [beforehand]. In the process it often bursts.
  • [3] paja kapi pakina for eggs to burst
    Context: when they are cooked in the ashes. paja marapu pakina warai turu pirnali eggs many burst fire because of big many eggs burst because the fire was too big.
  • [4] kima pakina for an ulcer to burst
    kima ngakani karari pakina warai ja pua marapu dunkana warai
    today my ulcer burst, and a lot of pus came out
  • [5] mangatandra pakina for one's head to burst
    Idiom: to have a headache. ngaiani mangatandra woldrali pakina warai we heads from the heat burst open we suffered headache from the heat
  • [6] nari pakina for a corpse to burst open
    Context: for a corpse to undergo decomposition (if it remains unburied). nauja nari pakiji, ninaia nurujeli todianau! he corpse bursts, him quickly bury! the corpse is beginning to decompose; bury it quickly
  • [7] ngara pakina for one's heart to burst
    Idiom: to have a premonition or foreboding. ngara ngakani pakiji, widla ngakani tjikatjika wapai kanta nankana heart my has a premonition, wife my wrong is going grass to press I have a strange feeling (premonition) that my wife at this moment is committing adultery with another man
  • [8] marda pakina for stones to crack
    woldrapirnani marda pakiji
    stones crack under [the stress of] great heat
  • [9] kangu pakina for perspiration to break forth
    woldrali kangu pakiji, morla ngumu ngaiani mita patieli todinani
    we are perspiring because of the heat; it would be better if we covered ourselves with moist earth
  • [10] milki pakina for eyes to burst
    Idiom: to have one's eyes opened over something that one didn't know previously. karari ngani milki pakiji jurangu, mina kana jura? now I eyes burst (see) you, what people you? now my eyes have been opened as to the kind of people you are
  • [11] mita pakina for the ground to split open
    mita talda pakiji woldrali
    the ground is cracking open on account of the heat
    Context: it develops clefts and fissures.
  • [12] kirra talda pakina for a boomerang to split or crack
    kirra ngakani talda pakiji
    my boomerang is cracked
  • [13] turu pakina for a fire to crackle
    turu pakinani ninaia todianau!
    when the (wood in the) fire crackles, cover it up
  • [14] moku pakina for bones to burst asunder
    Idiom: for animals to scatter far and wide. nganti majaru moku pakiji kanta pratjana animals rats [bones] spread out grass all the rats are scattered far and wide across the country, devouring all the grass
  • [15] talpa pakina to regain one's hearing
    Context: When a person loses his [sense of] hearing on account of thirst, but then reaches water and drinks so that he regains his hearing, the latter is called talpa pakina. woldrali ngaiani pota palpa talpakururina wonti, ja matja ngapa tapana, talpa pakina wonti because of heat we times several became deaf, indeed already water while drinking, ears opened sometimes we lost our hearing on account of the heat, but after we had drunk [some] water our [sense of] hearing returned
  • [16] pariwilpa pakina for the sky to clear up
    Context: after a rainy day. pariwilpa karari pakiji, tankubana ngaiana wapala nganai sky today clears up, tomorrov we go will today the sky is clearing, we shall be able to go tomorrow
  • [17] tiwi pakina for flowers (buds) to burst
    tiwi karari pakiji, woldrakanja matja karakara
    the buds are bursting; summer is near
  • [18] mudla kumari pakina for a nose to bleed
    woldrali ngaiani pota palpa mudla kumari pakiji
    it often happens that we get nosebleeding on account of the heat
  • [19] malka pakina for marks to appear
    Context: when snakes discard their old skin, they receive new skin-colours. [The term is] also used with reference to animals, when they undergo a change of fur (lose their hair). woldrajelbini nganti pratjana malka pakiji summer-brink animals all fur lose at the beginning (brink) of summer all animals lose their winter fur
  • [20] pakina kurana wapana to burst open; to verify; to go ahead
    Idiom: to get an idea, stick to it, and carry it out, or: to carry [something] out after receiving and holding on to it. ngani pakina kurana wapala nganai, naka warukati wirariji I burst open verify go will, there emus run about I have an idea, indeed, I believe that emus are running about there I will go and find out if that is so.
  • [21] pakina tarana to burst to rise up
    Idiom: for one's anger suddenly to rise and burst forth. nauja pakina tarana warai jaura marapujeli he to burst broke out words with many he was so seized with anger, that he suddenly burst forth with a spate of words
  • [22] ngura pakina for a camp to emerge; for dawn to appear
    Context: to break forth out of the darkness, so as to become visible. Also for rosy dawn to appear and things to begin to get light in the camp. ngura karari pakiji, nurujeli jiritjia nau wapala ngantia Reuther wrote "ngatia", but 'game' or 'meat' is nganti. camp now breaks, quickly rise up to go for meat the rosy dawn is breaking; up, [quickly] let us go and hunt [some] game

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  • [1] noani pakiterina to blurt out at one's wife
    Context: [in reproach].
  • [2] potuni pakiterina to burst out regarding certain things
    Context: [in anger].
  • [3] tiri pakiterina to burst out in anger
  • [4] njurdu pakiterina to shed its skin
  • [5] pitji pakiterina for bark to split open
  • [6] ngara pakiterina for one's heart to burst

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  • [1] kapi palangandrana to smash eggs
  • [2] jaura palangandrana to divulge information
    Context: unable to keep it to oneself.
  • [3] kandri palangandrana to chip [or crack] off resin
    Context: with which a [stone] axe[head] is fastened.
  • [4] daka palangandrana to break up clods [or lumps] of earth
  • [5] marda palangandrana to smash stones

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Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
  • [1] maru palara broad flat, vegetationless flat
  • [2] panto palara dried out lake-bed, vegetationless lake-bed
  • [3] marda palara vegetationless flat, stony flat
  • [4] wipa palara vegetationless plain [within] valley
  • [5] mangatandra palara bare head; a baldhead
  • [6] pariwilpa palara cloudless sky
  • [7] jaura palara clear, straightforward remarks
    Context: without any mental reservations.
  • [8] dako palara vegetationless sandhill
  • [9] pirra palara coolamon without incised markings
  • [10] doku palara back unmarked by weals [or scars]

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Spelling: None
Context: literally, 'on the plain'.
  • [1] punga palarani wurley beyond the bounds (outside) of the camp
  • [2] nganti pilarani animal [sitting] outside
    Context: i.e. outside of its hole.
  • [3] buka palarani not to keep food secret
    Context: but to eat it openly.
  • [4] ngapa palarani water out in the open [bush]
    Context: i.e. not only in the waterholes.
  • [5] billi palarani dilly-bag out in the open
    Context: i.e. hanging freely exposed on a tree.
  • [6] marda palarani unconcealed millstone
  • [7] kapi palarani unconcealed eggs
    Context: i.e. a nest that is not covered up.
  • [8] kana palarani man out on the [open] plain, not in the scrub, or in the valley
  • [9] jaura palarani undisguised words
  • [10] kanta palarani grass out on the plain
  • [11] nari palarani unburied corpse
  • [12] mudla tiri palarani undisguised angry face
  • [13] manu palarani undisguised feelings
    Context: e.g. when a person expresses his feelings quite openly and candidly.
  • [14] milki palarani clear view, unobscured view
  • [15] mara palarani generous hand
  • [16] palarani terkana to stand outside
    Grammar: adverb use.

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Spelling: None
Context: e.g. to tear out bushes [and shrubs].

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Spelling: None
Grammar: The adjective or noun, from which this verb (word) is derived, has been lost, [i.e. fallen into disuse].
  • [1] kana paldrina for people to increase in number
  • [2] tjutju paldrina for snakes to multiply
  • [3] winimburu paldrina for maggots to multiply
  • [4] muntju paldrina for flies to multiply
  • [5] kindala paldrina for dogs to multiply
  • [6] paja paldrina for birds to multiply
  • [7] pindri paldrina for grasshoppers to multiply
  • [8] kalibilibili paldrina for butterflies to increase in number
  • [9] nganti paldrina for animals to multiply
  • [10] paru paldrina for fish to multiply
  • [11] tupu paldrina for blossoms to multiply
  • [12] kudnijinka paldrina for wood-grubs to increase in number
  • [13] watara wondru paldrina for whirlwinds to increase in number
    Context: i.e. to occur with increasing frequency.
  • [14] jaura paldrina for words to multiply
    Context: for so and so to be the [subject of] conversation.
  • [15] pita paldrina for trees to multiply
    Grammar: i.e. for more and more to be growing.
  • [16] muntja paldrina for sick people to be on the increase

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Context: signifies as much as bakina to burst open; to crack open. This species of shrub The paldru (or paltru) is the annual saltbush. See Vol. VIII, No.142, and elsewhere. bears a number of pea-like pods, which, when trodden upon, burst open with a snap.

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: pali-ma-lha-rlu

Spelling: pali-ma-rna
  • [1] turu palimana to extinguish a fire
  • [2] watara palimana to snuff out the wind
    Context: to calm down the wind (by means of an invocatory song).
  • [3] ngapa palimana to dry up water
    Context: by means of an invocatory song.
  • [4] milki palimana to extinguish a man's eyes
    Context: to be present when a man dies and press his eye[lids] shut.
  • [5] ngara palimana to snuff out or silence a man's heart
    Idiom: to kill a man.
  • [6] poto wilpa palimana to cover up a debt
    Context: to neutralize a debt [incurred] by gifts of exchange.
  • [7] ngaltja palimana to dry up a man's saliva
    Idiom: to apply a gag on him, so that he has nothing more to say.
  • [8] kumari palimana to stop (silence) the bleeding (of a wound)
  • [9] manu palimana to still a man's craving

Spelling: pali-ma-rna tharri-rna

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  • [1] kana palina for people to die
  • [2] ngapa palina for water to dry up
  • [3] kanta palina for grass to die or dry off
  • [4] patara palina for a gumtree to die
  • [5] nganti palina for animals to die, starve to death
  • [6] milki palina for the eyes to die
    Idiom: for eyes to fall shut from weariness.
  • [7] talpa palina for the ears to die
    Idiom: no longer to be able to hear while sleeping.
  • [8] mangini palina for traditional customs to die out
    Idiom: i.e. no longer to be observed Reuther: "das Gemuet absterben". .
  • [9] manu palina for one's spirit to flag
    Context: so that one has no desire to live any longer.
    Ethnography: This is a strange phenomenon in the life of a pagan, since to him, of course, life means everything. Indeed, a pagan loses all desire to live, when his conscience (ngarangara heart tells him that he is soon going to be killed; or when his elder brother, wife, child or friend dies. It has happened that men have severed the sinews in the hollow of their knees with a stone knife, [indeed,] even their arteries (in suicide).
  • [10] kumari palina for blood to die
    Idiom: for the pulse to grow weaker, so that the person [eventually] dies.
  • [11] ngapitja palina for a dream to die
    Idiom: to have died in a dream, or to have dreamt that one is dead.
  • [12] mudla palina for one's face to die
    Idiom: to [have] focused one's attention on something that one would like to have [had] at all costs, e.g. a young girl as a wife, however, on having not attained [one's desire], to give to understand by one's facial expression that one wishes to have nothing more to do in connection with the affair. When a man has had his first love refused, he does not feel inclined to [exercise] a second [choice]. Against the background of his first love, the shadow of a second [choice] always leaves its imprint, especially among pagans, and with little prospect of better success.
  • [13] ngara palina for the heart to die
    Context: when it stops beating.
  • [14] jaura palina for news, information to die
    Idiom: when some news or information is not passed on, because no importance or significance is attached to it, and it therefore lapses in the sand (as it were).
  • [15] turu palina for a fire to go out
  • [16] ngaltja palina for one's saliva to dry up
    Idiom: to have no more good word to say in someone's favour, rather to wish him dead; to have no more mercy [on him].
  • [17] ngapani palina to die in water, to drown
  • [18] watara palina for wind to die
    Idiom: for wind to die down, or ease off.
  • [19] paraitji palina for light to die
    Idiom: for a firestick to die down (or) go out.
  • [20] woldrali palina to die from heat
    Context: to die of a heat-stroke, [or from heat exhaustion].
  • [21] murali palina to die from a ceremonial song
    Context: i.e. of sorcery ngilbi
  • [22] jeritali palina to die of sores (or) yaws
    Ethnography: This is brought about by means of a special invocatory song.
  • [23] kutjila palina to die from the devil
    Context: i.e. after the devil Reuther: "Teufelaner". or a witch-doctor has stolen a man's heart.
  • [24] nguna palina for one's arm to die
    Idiom: to have grown stiff from work.
  • [25] ngama palina for breasts to die
    Idiom: for a mother to have no more milk to suckle [her child].
  • [26] pirra palina for the moon to die
    Idiom: for the moon to wane.
  • [27] maua palina to starve; to die of starvation
  • [28] tertieli palina to die of thirst; to languish, pine away
  • [29] diltja palina for one's muscles to die
    Idiom: to become tired, fatigued.
  • [30] palina kurana to die out; to become extinct
  • [31] kinkali palina to die of laughter
    Context: to laugh so much that one can scarcely catch breath.
  • [32] palina ngarina to fall down dead
  • [33] ngapa kutu palina for a waterhole to dry out

Spelling: palipali-rna

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Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Etymology: signifies as much as palkaterina to spread out The branches of this bush spread out very widely.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: parlka-rna
Etymology: This is a Jauraworka and Jandruwanta word. Due to the friendly relationship [of these tribes] with the Diari. this word has been adopted into the language as palkana to travel in place of wapana to go. Thereby a distinction has been brought to light between 'to go' and 'to travel or wander about'. The two words now mutually complement each other. Cf. wapana.

Spelling: palku
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] kana palku human body
  • [2] nganti palku body of an animal; flesh, meat
  • [3] paja palku body of a bird
  • [4] talara palku rain body
    Context: [rain] cloud
  • [5] pita palku tree body
    Context: outer shell of a tree, minus the heart or pith.
  • [6] marda palku millstone body
    Context: millstone without its jagged edges.
  • [7] mana palku mouth body
    Context: mouth without teeth.
  • [8] billi palku body of a dilly-bag
    Context: its interior area or dimension.
  • [9] kandri palku clump of resin
  • [10] kalara palku stone-axe without a handle
  • [11] palku pirna big or fat stomach
  • [12] palku waka haggard body, slim body
  • [13] palku kirilju fat stomach, wobbly stomach
  • [14] palku nguru strong body
  • [15] palku watara wirina body into which wind has entered
    Idiom: a person inspired (driven) by fear.
  • [16] nari palku dead body, corpse
    Ethnography: from which a little [flesh] is eaten.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants

Spelling: palku-ri-rna
  • [1] talara palkurina for the rain to take on bodily form
    Context: for the rainclouds to form themselves into a mass.
  • [2] kana palkurina for a person to turn into a body
    Context: for a person to grow fatter.
  • [3] kalara palkurina for a stone-axe to turn into a body
    Idiom: to fall from its handle.
  • [4] manatandra palkurina for the teeth to take on bodily form
    Idiom: for teeth to fall out.
  • [5] kupa palkurina for a child to turn into a body
    Context: to grow fat

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Etymology: from palkuru type of bush, means 'one that digs her hole under a palkuru bush'.

Spelling: parlpa
Grammar: indefinite.
  • [1] kana palpa some people
  • [2] nganti palpa some meat
  • [3] buka palpa some food
  • [4] pita palpa several trees
  • [5] marda palpa several stones
  • [6] poto palpa some possessions
  • [7] widla palpa several women [or wives]
  • [8] teri palpa several youths
  • [9] jaura palpa some words
  • [10] mudla palpa several faces
  • [11] palku palpa several bodies
  • [12] karku palpa some ochre
  • [13] ditji palpa several days
  • [14] paru palpa several fish
  • [15] karu palpa some grey hairs
  • [16] turu palpa some firewood
  • [17] pirra palpa several months
  • [18] kirra palpa several boomerangs
  • [19] muntja palpa several sick people; somewhat ill
  • [20] woda palpa several pillars, several supports
    Context: stalwarts. That is what very old people are called.
  • [21] tidna palpa several footprints
  • [22] kanta palpa some grass
  • [23] mindri palpa several shoots, several suckers
  • [24] palpa muka some asleep
  • [25] palpa tepi some awake
  • [26] paua palpa still some [edible] seed; a small quantity of seed
  • [27] kiri palpa somewhat clever
  • [28] kutja palpa several feathers
  • [29] mara palpa few hands
    Idiom: only a little help.
  • [30] manu palpa only a little sentiment
    Idiom: sympathy.
  • [31] mita palpa only a little [bit of] land
  • [32] miljaru palpa short night period
  • [33] punga palpa several wurleys
  • [34] kupa palpa several children
  • [35] nari palpa several dead people
  • [36] njurdu palpa some body hairs; scant fur
  • [37] jinka palpa only a little string
  • [38] billi palpa some dilly-bags
  • [39] wilpa palpa several holes
  • [40] buru palpa minor debt; somewhat indebted
  • [41] palpa ngapu somewhat quiet
  • [42] palpa malkanto some decorated with markings
  • [43] palpa noanto several married, [or] with wives
  • [44] palpa mandaka some unmarried [or] single
  • [45] palpa marka several out bush
  • [46] palpa jerranguntja several [people] who are absent, who always stay away
  • [47] palpa tapa several with wounds
  • [48] palpa karari some (coming, going) today
  • [49] palpa wordu some small
  • [50] palpa wirdi some long

Spelling: None
Mythology: There were some people whom Mandramankana failed to catch.

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  • [1] kana palparina for the people to become fewer and fewer
  • [2] nganti palparina for animals to dwindle in number

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  • [1] mita palparu level, flat country, without hills
  • [2] wipa palparu level valley
  • [3] panto palparu shallow lake
  • [4] pirra palparu shallow coolamon
  • [5] kajiri palparu shallow creek
  • [6] mandra palparu flat body
  • [7] doku palparu broad back
  • [8] tidna palparu broad feet
  • [9] pilbiri palparu broad shoulders
  • [10] dako palparu wide sandhill
  • [11] ngura palparu unhollowed-out camp [area]
  • [12] mudla palparu broad face
  • [13] marda palparu flat stone
  • [14] wondiri palparu wide boundary, far-reaching boundary
  • [15] kana nguja palparu broad-shouldered type of person
  • [16] Kunari palparu wide, shallow Cooper's Creek
  • [17] palto palparu as-yet-untrodden steep (or narrow) path
  • [18] mana palparu wide entrance to a wurley
  • [19] kutu palparu shallow, superficial hole [or grave]
  • [20] billi palparu shallow dilly-bag
  • [21] malka palparu broad stripes, markings
  • [22] piri palparu broad-edged engraving chisel
  • [23] minka palparu shallow hole, burrow

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Spelling: None
Mythology: Pintanganina cast his net into shallow water.

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  • [1] ngura palparuribana to fill in a wurley (with sand)
  • [2] palparuribana ngarina to build (a wurley) cone-shaped

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  • [1] dulkuru palparurina for a hollow to fill up with sand
  • [2] dako palparurina for a sandhill to grow wider
  • [3] palparurina ngarina to lay oneself down, to lie flat out
    Grammar: adverb use.
  • [4] tapa palparurina for a wound to grow more shallow, to heal outwards
  • [5] panto palparurina for a lake to become choked with sand

Spelling: paltyi
Context: If, for example, someone plants both hands on his hips, this is called dilipaltji. It is around this region that kirra boomerang are often stuck into a man's belt. For this reason some have erroneously thought that paltji means 'pocket', e.g. a trouser-pocket. Because of this wrong usage over many years, the name paltji has now been actually extended to include the pocket of a coat, trousers, etc. najianau! nauja dilipaltji pataterina terkai see, there he stands with his hands propped on his hips
Mythology: This word owes its origin to the two muramura Malkumalkuwulu who both danced with their hands propped on their hips.

Spelling: palthu
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] kana palto people's track
    Context: It would be more correct to say: a narrow track or footpath. People usually travel in Indian file one behind the other, on account of prickles and snakes.
  • [2] kindala palto dingo pad
    Context: proceeding from out of the burrow.
  • [3] warukati palto emu pad
    Context: [These birds] most times come to water along one and the same track.
  • [4] paja palto bird's track
    Context: from out of its nest. This applies only to land birds.
  • [5] ngapa palto water pad
    Context: i.e. the path taken by people from the camp when going to fetch water.
  • [6] ngarimata palto pathway of a flood
    Context: i.e. creeks and watercourses.
  • [7] kanunka palto opossum pad
    Ethnography: Nets are set up [to ensnare these animals].
  • [8] tidna palto footprints
    Context: of a person or animal that has passed only once in that direction.
  • [9] mirka palto ant track
    Context: along which the ants travel.
  • [10] tjukuru palto kangaroo pad
  • [11] kantu palto 'kantu' track
  • [12] putatja palto 'putatja' track
  • [13] talara palto rain path, course usually followed by rain
  • [14] watara palto path of wind, direction from which wind blows
  • [15] ditji palto course or path of the sun
  • [16] jinka palto string [trade] route
    Context: route along which hair-string is bartered.
  • [17] para palto rug or fur [trade] route
    Context: route along which [animal fur] rugs are bartered
  • [18] marukutuja palto route to ochre [mine]
  • [19] muramura palto path of [supernatural] ancestors
    Context: i.e. wherever they wandered.
  • [20] kutjia palto devil's line of approach
    Ethnography: The devil [is believed to] come from the south and west.
  • [21] pajapiria palto sky-way, track in the sky
    Context: along which witch-doctors travel.
  • [22] mungaraia palto spirits' path
    Ethnography: path along which souls [of the deceased] travel to Palkarakarani, and where they ascend or climb up [into the sky].
  • [23] pauaia palto seed trail
    Context: trail one habitually follows when going out to collect seed.
  • [24] mardaia palto way to a millstone [quarry]
  • [25] tulaia palto way to a [flint] stone knife [quarry]
  • [26] palto worku near-by [or circuitous] track
  • [27] palto wulu straight [or direct] track
  • [28] palto waka mini track [or narrow track]
    Context: i.e. little used.
  • [29] pitjiraia palto tobacco trail
  • [30] palto pirna main track or trail
    Context: i.e. the main communication route from one camp or waterhole to another.
  • [31] palto wordu short route
  • [32] pita palto spear [trade] route
    Context: along which spears are taken for bartering.
  • [33] turu palto firewood trail
    Context: i.e. along which firewood is brought [into camp].
  • [34] widla palto women's trail
    Context: along which only women [are allowed to] walk.
  • [35] mangatandra palto head track
    Context: bald patch straight across the head, with [some] hair still on either side, hence, a bald pate lengthwise.

Spelling: palthu-yitya

Spelling: palthu-lha

Spelling: palthu-ri-ipa-lha-rlu

Spelling: palthu-ri-ipa-rna
Context: i.e. to tread down a new track.

Spelling: palthu-ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: palthu-ri-rna
Context: during the gradual process of being walked over [or trodden down].

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Ethnography: This is an extinct animal, [and is] claimed to have eaten people. Only by means of large fires was it kept away from the camp at night. If one carried a firestick. it would not venture too close. The older natives lived [sufficiently long ago] to have seen this animal. A certain Kirkina once slew the young offspring [of this species], and barely escaped with his life.
Xref: No. 2062-40

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] ngara pandra congealed blood in the heart
    Context: when a person is dead.
  • [2] kindala pandra congealed dog's blood
    Context: e.g. when a dog is dead and the blood in its heart has congealed. This is eaten.
  • [3] mudla pandra congealed blood in the nose
  • [4] kudna pandra blood that is passed in the excreta
  • [5] pita pandra rot inside of a hollow tree

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  • [1] kupa pandraribana for a child to cause its blood to congeal, when it repeatedly cries. (This is a figure of speech)
  • [2] kana pandraribana to cause a man's blood to congeal, or to cool off
    Ethnography: When someone in a rage wants to lash out, but is held fast so that he cannot, his boiling blood is made to congeal, i.e. to cool off.
  • [3] kana pandraribana to cause a man's blood to congeal
    Context: e.g. when killing him.

Spelling: None
Context: i.e. to kill him.

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Spelling: parndu
  • [1] tula pandu blunt stone chisel
  • [2] kalara pandu blunt stone axe
  • [3] wona pandu blunt digging-stick
  • [4] kirra pandu blunted boomerang
  • [5] nuru pandu blunted strength
    Context: when one's strength is abating
  • [6] manatandra pandu blunted teeth
  • [7] marapiri pandu blunt finger-nails
  • [8] tidnapiri pandu blunt toe-nails

Spelling: parndu-yitya

Spelling: parndu-lha

Spelling: parndu-lha-rlu

Spelling: parndu-Ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: parndu-Ri-rna

Spelling: panga
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: panga pirli
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: pani
  • [1] kana pani (there is) nobody (here)
  • [2] ngapa pani without water; waterless
  • [3] buka pani without food; foodless
  • [4] jaura pani without a word; not a word
  • [5] noa pani without a wife [or husband]
  • [6] kupa pani no child; [without a child]
  • [7] talpa pani without ears
    Idiom: one who doesn't hear [or listen].
  • [8] nganti pani no meat; [without meat]
  • [9] turu pani no fire (or) firewood
  • [10] kanta pani no grass
  • [11] punga pani no wurley
  • [12] tidna pani without feet
    Idiom: one who doesn't walk about very much.
  • [13] mana pani without a mouth
    Idiom: dumb; one who doesn't speak.
  • [14] mara pani without hands
    Idiom: one who doesn't work, or who doesn't give anything away.
  • [15] tali pani no tongue
    Idiom: not to have received an invitation.
  • [16] ngaltja pani without saliva
    Idiom: a person with whom one don't like to converse.
  • [17] talara pani no rain
  • [18] watara pani no wind
  • [19] tjuru pani no sense; no understanding
  • [20] pilli pani without a dillybag
  • [21] jinka pani without string
  • [22] paru pani without fish
  • [23] pitjiri pani without chewing-tobacco
  • [24] marda pani without a millstone
  • [25] ngaru pani without emu feathers
  • [26] kumari pani without blood
    Idiom: one who is always listless.
  • [27] maua pani not hungry
  • [28] ngulku pani no rumours; no complaint
  • [29] mandra pani without a stomach
    Idiom: when there is not much food to eat.
  • [30] japa pani without fear; fearless
  • [31] murla pani no peace; [without peace]
  • [32] delkini pani no contradiction; no conflict of opinion
  • [33] ngara pani no heart
    Idiom: one who is constantly active and busy.
  • [34] mudla pani no face
    Idiom: when one has not yet seen any of the approaching [visitors].
  • [35] palto pani no way
  • [36] mani pani no fat
  • [37] mura pani no ceremony
    Context: when a man does not know his [traditional] ceremony.
  • [38] para pani no hair on the head
  • [39] marka pani without [going] out hunting
    Context: said of one who always stays at home.
  • [40] toda nani no midday rest
  • [41] pirra pani no moonlight
  • [42] paraitji pani no light; no glare
  • [43] pinta pani no alliance (or marriage)
    Context: of one who has a wife, unlawfully given to him.
  • [44] muka pani no sleep
  • [45] milki pani no eyes
    Idiom: unable to see.
    Ethnography: When lots of people are dying in camp, the local witchdoctor is [said to be] milki pani blindeyed.
  • [46] walkura pani no faith; no confidence
  • [47] tepi pani no life
    Idiom: i.e. when a person is constantly ill.
  • [48] muntja pani no sickness
  • [49] ngaperi pani no father; fatherless
  • [50] tapa pani no wounds
  • [51] pani najina to see nothing
  • [52] kajiri pani without a creek
  • [53] palti pani no breeze (or) cool air
  • [54] kirra pani no boomerang
  • [55] malka pani no markings
    Context: [designs, or symbols].
  • [56] kuri pani no mussel-shells
  • [57] ngilbi pani no sorcerer
  • [58] karku pani no ochre
  • [59] najina pani unable to see; blind
    Addition: Scherer's "correction" appears to be an error and the correct form is najini pani since nhayi-ni is a nominalisation which can be modified by pani 'none', whereas nhayirna is a verb and cannot be directly modified by 'none'.
    Xref: No. 2648-51
  • [60] mandrakara pani not jealous (or) envious
  • [61] katu pani no windbreak
  • [62] pungala pani no shade
  • [63] kima pani no swelling
  • [64] ketjaketjana pani no pain
  • [65] nari pani no dead people
  • [66] wutju pani no fire-rubbing stick
  • [67] wolkari pani no desire; no ardent longing
  • [68] ninta pani no shame
  • [69] mudlagildi pani no mucous discharge from the nose
    Idiom: one who has no craving (sense of smell) for home; one whose nose is blocked; one who always stays away [from home].
  • [70] jerto pani nothing to eat
  • [71] kutu pani no waterhole
  • [72] ngapa marra pani no rain-water
  • [73] nguja pani no laziness; no idleness
    Context: one who is always busy.

Spelling: pani-yitya

Spelling: pani-lha
Grammar: -la providing [a sense of] certainty to all the above [examples of] pani.

Spelling: pani-lha-rlu

Spelling: parni-ma-rna
  • [1] nganti panimana to smell cooked meat
  • [2] dunka panimana to smell a stench

Spelling: parni-ma-rna-lha-rlu

Spelling: parni-ma-na tharri-rna
Context: i.e. for one's own benefit, e.g. cooked meat.

Spelling: parni-ma-rna-yitya

Spelling: parni-rna
  • [1] dunka panina for a carcase to smell bad
  • [2] ngapa panina for water to have a putrid smell
  • [3] kunpara panina for sweat or perspiration to smell
  • [4] kanta panina for grass to smell
    Context: in the morning.
  • [5] padi panina for caterpillars to smell
  • [6] wajikurli panina for 'wajikurli' (a type of trees) to smell
  • [7] kudirka panina for a 'kudirka' plant (grass) to smell
  • [8] turu panina for a fire to smell
  • [9] mita panina for the ground's [rising] vapour to smell
    Context: after it has rained in the morning.
  • [10] tupu panina for blossoms to smell
  • [11] kanukanu panina for rain to smell
  • [12] tapa dunka panina for a wound to smell putrid
  • [13] manadunka panina for bad breath (from someone's mouth) to smell
  • [14] kunpara panina for the smell of sickness to [hover around]
  • [15] nganti mardu panina for [different types of] animals to give off an odour
    Context: to recognise from its odour what kind of animal it is
  • [16] tjiritjiri panina for water to smell
  • [17] panjapanja panina for weapons to smell
    Context: to smell on a person that he has killed someone.
  • [18] kana panina for people to smell
    Context: if there are any in the vicinity.
  • [19] mara panina for one's hand to smell
    Context: after having touched something that has a [strong] scent.
  • [20] watara panina for wind to smell
  • [21] marudunka panina for 'marudunka' fruit to have a [strong] scent
  • [22] dankakaldri panina for fruit of the 'dankakaldri' to have a [strong] scent
  • [23] wirikaru panina for something rotten in a hole in the ground to give off a smell
  • [24] kunnguru panina for rot in a tree to smell
  • [25] Example:
    kudna panina marau!
    try [to fight] a duel with him! take it up with him
  • [26] kuli panina for smell to [hover around]
    Context: of what someone has eaten, for instance.

Spelling: pani-Ri-ipa-rna
  • [1] jaura paniribana to make fewer words
    Context: to talk less.
  • [2] turu paniribana to make less firewood
    Context: to burn all the firewood.
  • [3] marda paniribana to reduce a millstone to nothing
    Context: to bury it.
  • [4] kalka paniribana to dispel the night
  • [5] kilpa paniribana to reduce the cold to nothing
    Context: by means of a fire.
  • [6] watara paniribana to reduce the wind to nothing
    Context: to command it to be still by means of an invocatory song. The same alplies to fish and to birds, etc. by means of magical songs.

Spelling: pani-Ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: paniRi-rna
Context: i.e. until nothing more remains.
  • [1] kana panirina for people to diminish in number
    Context: until there are none left.
  • [2] paua panirina for [edible] paua seed to diminish
    Context: until it is all gone.
  • [3] poto panirina for goods to diminish
    Context: until they are all gone.
  • [4] nganti panirina for a meat [supply] to run out
  • [5] ngapa panirina for a water [supply] to run out
  • [6] tjuru panirina for the mind to fail, falter, deteriorate
    Context: in old age.
  • [7] mana panirina for mouth to grow silent
    Idiom: to have nothing more to say.
  • [8] kangu pani for perspiration to dry off
    Context: or discontinue.
  • [9] tiri pani for anger to abate; for fighting to subside
    Context: or die down.
  • [10] jindri panirina for shouting [or wailing] to subside
  • [11] tjilpi panirina for contradictions to cease
  • [12] muka nanirina for sleep to get less
    Context: or to diminish.
  • [13] palku panirina for a stomach to shrink
    Context: to become thinner.

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  • [1] pariwilpa pankalkara broad sky, expansive sky
  • [2] mita pankalkara wide world; extensive country
  • [3] pankalkara ngankana to stretch, to spread, to open out
    Context: e.g. a shrivelled up dillybag.
  • [4] para pankalkara large rug, stretched rug, spread out [fur] rug
  • [5] ngapa pankalkara outstretched water, expansive [sheet of] water
  • [6] talara pankalkara rain extending across the entire sky
  • [7] mara pankalkara outstretched hand; spread out fingers

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Spelling: None
Context: e.g. rain, etc.

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Spelling: None
Context: e.g. fire, water, rain.

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  • [1] pirra pankara smooth coolamon
  • [2] marda pankara smooth millstone
  • [3] minka pankara neatly hollowed-out burrow (hole)
  • [4] mudla pankara smooth face
    Context: without wrinkles.
  • [5] kana pankara for all the people to be together
    Context: [in camp] and nobody out bush.
  • [6] mangawaru pankara streamlined widow
    Context: whose hair has been shorn.
  • [7] panto pankara smooth[-edged] lake
    Context: without bays [or inlets].
  • [8] tidna pankara smooth footprints
    Context: i.e. when there are no more footprints [to be seen] beyond the local district.
  • [9] njurdu pankara smooth fur
  • [10] paratara pankara smooth flat; level plain
  • [11] mita pankara smooth country, featureless country
  • [12] pita pankara smooth tree, (without branches); smooth piece of wood

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Spelling: pangki
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] kana panki side of a person's body
  • [2] milki panki eye that squints sideways
  • [3] panki wapana to go around along the edge; to walk around close-by
  • [4] dako panki sloping bank of a sandhill
  • [5] punga panki side of a wurley
  • [6] mana panki side of the mouth
  • [7] tidna panki outer edge or outline of a footprint
  • [8] panto panki edge of a lake; slope down towards a lake
    Context: but not the shore.
  • [9] palto panki [outer] verges of a track
    Context: lying in close proximity to a track.
  • [10] kaliri panki slope down towards a creek
  • [11] pirra panki side of a coolamon
  • [12] talara panki extent of rain
    Context: where a [narrow] strip of rain [or local shower] finished up.
  • [13] pita panki limit of trees; extent of scrub
  • [14] jaura panki wayside gossip
    Context: when conversation is [more or less] indirect and mostly bad things are said about the other person.
  • [15] ngura panki outskirts of a camp, fringe of a camp
  • [16] poto panki things on the aside
    Context: not to have brought them to the right person.
  • [17] marda panki side of a hill or range
  • [18] panki jatana to speak in a roundabout way; to speak figuratively; to speak ironically
  • [19] panki muja dry on one side
  • [20] panki kutikutiri crooked edge
    Context: e.g. on a coolamon.
  • [21] panki wordu short side
  • [22] panki wirdi long side
  • [23] billi panki side of the dilly-bag
  • [24] woldra panki verge of summer
  • [25] kilpa panki verge of winter

Spelling: pangki-yitya

Spelling: panki-iyirpa-rna

Spelling: pangki-lha

Spelling: panki-lha-rlu
Mythology: Darana obeyed [i.e. followed the invitation of] Wirrakidnina, and came to join him in a meal. For the narrative of this legend, see Volume X, original pages 161 and following. .

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Etymology: made up of panki side, -na- he and parapara (adverb, derived from paraparana to lie), describes 'one that lies on its side'.

Spelling: panki-rna
  • [1] jaurani pankina to obey words
  • [2] nejini pankina to obey one's elder brother
  • [3] ngaperani pankina to obey one's father
  • [4] ngandrini pankina to obey one's mother
  • [5] potujeli pankina only to go after things, to seek after possessions
  • [6] mitali pankina to direct one's attention only to country; to protect country
  • [7] murali pankina to focus one's attention only on supernatural ancestors
    Context: sacred ceremonies and songs.
  • [8] mardali pankina to focus one's attention on a millstone
  • [9] bukali pankina to keep one's mind (eye) on food
  • [10] manuni pankina to obey one's sentiments or feelings
    Idiom: to consider everything carefully.
  • [11] ngapali pankina to boast of one's water [supply]
    Context: since there are numerous lakes and waterholes within one's tribal boundary.
  • [12] mankarali pankina to give oneself airs because of girls
    Context: one's sisters.
  • [13] noajeli pankina to brag of one's wife (or husband)
  • [14] tidnali pankina to make a great fuss about one's nice feet
  • [15] kirrali pankina to boast a lot about one's boomerang
  • [16] billieli pankina to make a great fuss about one's fine dilly-bag
  • [17] mardujeli pankina to talk a lot about one's totem
  • [18] pungali pankina to brag a lot about one's wurley
    Context: because one has built it so nicely.
  • [19] kunkieli pankina to boast of one's cleverness [or shrewdness] as Aboriginal doctors
  • [20] ngilbieli pankina to make a great boast of one's counter-magic
  • [21] milieli pankina to make a great fuss about one's many followers (servants)
    Context: [in fact,] about everything that one believes one has in excess of others.

Spelling: panki-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: panki-rna-yitya

Spelling: pankipanki-lha

Spelling: pankipanki-lha-rlu

Spelling: pankipanki-lka-iyirpa-mali-rna

Spelling: pankipanki-rna
Addition: takes a complement in the locative case.
  • [1] kindalani pankipankina to be proud of one's dog
  • [2] kanani pankipankina to be proud of a [certain] person
  • [3] talara ngankani pankipankina to be proud [of one's ability] to produce rain
  • [4] ngilbi ngankani pankipankina to take pride in one's sorcery [or magical power]
  • [5] tirieli pankipankina to take pride in one's anger
  • [6] kilpa pankipankina to get over (or) endure cold [weather]
  • [7] watara pankipankina to endure (or) put up with wind
    Context: not to yield to it.
  • [8] tepi pankipankina to take pride in one's health
  • [9] teri pankipankina to be proud of one's youth
  • [10] kupa pankipankina for a child to be proud of others
  • [11] mitali pankipankina to take pride in one's country
  • [12] kalalu ngankanali pankipankina to be proud of one's victory [or success]
  • [13] milki ngumujeli pankipankina to be proud of one's eyes,
    Context: proud of one's good eyesight.
  • [14] noajeli pankipankina to be proud of one's wife or husband
  • [15] kirra ngumu ngankani pankipankina to take pride in the production of a fine boomerang
  • [16] wulburali pankipankina to be proud of one's [short] hair
  • [17] malkali pankipankina to take pride in one's [ceremonial] designs
  • [18] murali pankipankina to take pride in one's sacred ceremony
  • [19] mardujeli pankipankina to be proud of one's totem
  • [20] bukali pankipankina to boast of a large amount of food
  • [21] jaurali pankipankina to be proud of one's words
    Context: to be proud of one's ability to speak.
  • [22] mardali pankipankina to take pride in one's millstone
  • [23] ngurani pankipankina to be proud of one's camp
    Context: because of the many people [who occupy it]

Spelling: pankipanki-rna
  • [1] tirieli pankipankina to pride oneself above others on the point of anger
  • [2] jaurali pankipankina to pride oneself above others in the matter of speech

Spelling: pankipanki-rna tharri-rna
Context: e.g. in having a fiery-natured elder brother, or in owning a fishing-net that catches a lot of edible fish, etc.

Spelling: pankipanki-rna-yitya

Spelling: pangki-ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: pangki-ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna
Mythology: The dog of Wariliwulani dog always ran along the edge of the bank.

Spelling: pangki-ri-rna

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  • [1] kana panpari person who sticks to his point
  • [2] pita panpari evergreen tree
  • [3] tula panpari securely-fixed stone chisel
    Context: that doesn't part from its handle.
  • [4] turu panpari fire that stubbornly refuses to burn
  • [5] pirkinietja panpari actor who doesn't stop acting
  • [6] panpari nandrana constantly to kill
  • [7] panpari wirarina constantly to run about
  • [8] panpari ngatjina constantly to beg
  • [9] nganti panpari tough living animal that doesn't easily die
  • [10] panpari jatana to talk continually
  • [11] panpari jindrana to cry continually
  • [12] panpari turarana to sleep continually
  • [13] panpari delkina to disobey continually
  • [14] talara panpari constant rain, continuous rain

Spelling: None
Context: e.g. in one's work; in one's resolve.

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Spelling: pantha-lha-rlu

Spelling: pantha-ma-rna

Spelling: pantha-ma-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: pantha-ma-iyirpa-rna
Context: e.g. by putting green grass on a fire.

Spelling: pantha-rna
Etymology: has become unfamiliar [and obsolete]).

Spelling: pantya
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] kana pantja person's knee
  • [2] pita pantja tree knee
    Idiom: main or central support-post of a wurley.
  • [3] jama pantja two outer posts on which a fishing-net is secured
  • [4] mudla pantja face knee
    Idiom: end of a breached sandhill.
  • [5] marda pantja rock knee
    Context: two adjacent-standing rock-walls through which the water has broken [its way].
  • [6] talara pantja rain knee
    Idiom: heavy, ascending clouds.

Spelling: pantya marda
Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: pantya tharka-rna
Context: literally, 'for the knees to stand'.
  • [1] pantjaterkana ngarina for the knees to sink down, to kneel down
  • [2] pantjaterkana turarana to sleep kneeling
    Context: to be sleeping on one's back with the knees up.

Spelling: pantyi-ma-lha-rlu

Spelling: pantyi-ma-rna
Mythology: This word applies mainly to the [supernatural] ancestors, Reuther: "Urvaeter werden". who either invented something or requested it of the Mura. Never did they create [anything].
  • [1] jama pantjimana to invent a fishing net
    Mythology: [This was the work of] Pintanganina .
  • [2] malka pantjimana to introduce [ceremonial] designs
    Mythology: When Darana saw various colourful markings on the caterpillars, he and his men (people) also painted themselves in various colours.
  • [3] talarali pantjimana for rain to produce (or) bring forth
    Addition: Scherer's footnote is incorrect. The word "talarali" is an example of the instrumental use of the ergative case, so this should mean 'to bring forth by means of rain'.
    Mythology: Darana begged for rain, and it brought forth grass and herbs, etc.
  • [4] pajali pantjimana for birds to produce
    Addition: Scherer's footnote is incorrect. The word "pajali" is an example of the instrumental use of the ergative case, so this should mean 'to bring forth by means of birds'.
    Context: e.g. eggs.
  • [5] turu pantjimana to invent fire
    Mythology: [This was the work of] Makadakapana .
  • [6] wima pantjimana to compose new songs
    Context: e.g. in dreams, or at the departure of human souls.
  • [7] kirra pantjimana to invent boomerangs
    Mythology: [This was the work of] Pirrana .
  • [8] kandri pantjimana to invent fighting sticks
    Mythology: Kandriwulani [was responsible for this].

Spelling: pantyi-ma-rna tharri-rna
Context: e.g. a new song (wima).

Spelling: pantyi-ma-rna-yitya
Mythology: The muramura are called by this name, because they newly invented weapons and [ceremonial] designs, and composed the [ceremonial] songs.

Spelling: pantyi-rna
  • [1] kima pantjina to develop into a tumour or swelling
  • [2] tapa pantjina to become a wound
  • [3] kupa pantjina to become a child in its mother's womb
  • [4] mara pantjina to become a hand
    Context: something one does by hand.
  • [5] manu pantjina to become sentiment
    Idiom: to begin to feel sensitive about something.
  • [6] tiri pantjina to become annoyed, to become vexed
  • [7] jerto pantjina to feel satisfied
  • [8] maua pantjina to get hungry
  • [9] jama pantjina to develop into a fishing net
  • [10] milkila pantjina to grow wise
  • [11] ko pantjina to grow ignorant
  • [12] tidna pantjina to turn into footsteps
    Idiom: when a man wants to go from one place to another.
  • [13] mudlakutja pantjina to become a ring-leader
  • [14] tepi pantlina to become well
  • [15] muntja pantjina to become ill
  • [16] nari pantjina to become dead, to die
  • [17] junka pantjina to become surly, to become disgruntled
  • [18] mili pantjina to become servants or companions
    Context: especially of dogs, when they grow accustomed to somebody and like to go along.
  • [19] jaura pantjina to develop into rumour
  • [20] kirra pantjina to become boomerangs
    Idiom: e.g. when an argument has started up somewhere.
  • [21] marda pantjina to turn to stone
    Context: e.g. the bodies of the muramura.
  • [22] pita pantjina to grow into a tree
    Ethnography: the footprints of the muramura, [for] wherever these trod there a tree sprang up (grew).
  • [23] ngapa pnntjina to turn to water
    Context: e.g. when a person mistakes a mirage for an expanse of water.
  • [24] kanta ngapa pantjina for grass to become water
    Context: e.g. when dewdrops at dawn adhere to the grass.
  • [25] danu pantjina to become moist, to become damp
  • [26] ninta pantjina to become bashful, to become shy, to become shamefaced
  • [27] murla pantjina to become friendly, to become peaceable, to become satisfied, to become content
  • [28] tula pantjina to become strange, to become unfamiliar
  • [29] paraitji pantjina to grow light
    Context: in the morning, [i.e. at dawn].
  • [30] ngalpuru pantjina to grow dark
  • [31] woldra pantjina to get hot; [to warm up]
  • [32] kilpa pantjina to get cold; [to cool off]
  • [33] watara pantjina to turn into wind, to become windy
  • [34] kuriwiri pantjina to form a hunting-party
  • [35] muja pantjina to become dry (of grass); to become lazy (of people)
  • [36] talku pantjina to become righteous (of people); to become ripe; to ripen (of fruit)
  • [37] tandra pantjina to change into fruit
  • [38] muramura pantjina to turn into [supernatural] ancestors
    Ethnography: out of clods of earth.

Spelling: pantu
Context: whether full or empty.
Grammar: feminine gender.
  • [1] panto pirna big lake
  • [2] panto waka small lake
  • [3] panto muja dry lake
  • [4] tidna panto foot lake
    Idiom: a very large foot
  • [5] mudla panto very broad face
  • [6] pantongana dakadakana man who shakes his head and body (dodders) when he walks

Spelling: pantu-yitya

Spelling: pantu-lha

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Etymology: Composed of panto lake, paja bird, and -ni she. [This dog] dug [her]self a burrow in the steep bank of the lake, as directed.

Spelling: pantu-Ri-rna
Context: e.g. when the water washes out a huge hole.

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  • [1] kanku panturu first-born son
  • [2] mankara panturu first-born daughter
    Grammar: All later-born children are called ngarka.

Spelling: papa
Context: i.e. auntie, child speaking.
Grammar: feminine gender.

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  • [1] paua paparina for seed to develop more and more, for seed to keep on increasing
  • [2] ngajiti paparina to keep on killing other animals after catching the first
  • [3] kanta paparina for the grass to sprout higher [and higher]
  • [4] talara paparina to keep on raining
  • [5] paparina godana for more and more rain to fall
  • [6] kilpa paparina for the cold weather to become protracted
  • [7] woldra paparina for summer to become protracted
    Context: to stay hot for a longer period.
  • [8] nandrana oaparina for a fight to become protracted
    Context: for a fight to develop into something more serious.
  • [9] paparina turu japina to kindle one fire after another
    Context: during an emu drive.
  • [10] paparina pitarani ngamana to remain encamped during the drought
  • [11] paparina palina to keep on dying
    Context: from an epidemic.
  • [12] paparina wapana to go on continuously
  • [13] paparina tajina to eat constantly
  • [14] paparina turarana to sleep constantly
  • [15] paparina kundrukundru manina to catch cold time and time again
  • [16] paparina jiritjina to make the first move to get up
  • [17] paparina wotina to be constantly building
  • [18] ngura paparina for a camp to grow bigger and bigger
  • [19] jaura paparina for words to grow louder and louder
  • [20] jamani paparina to weave [another section] on to a fishing-net
  • [21] paparina dakana to keep on weaving
  • [22] paparina bakuna to keep on digging
  • [23] watara paparina for the wind to grow stronger
  • [24] paparina wontina to keep on searching
  • [25] paparina muntjarina to keep on growing sicker
  • [26] wonkana paparina for the singing to increase in volume [or get louder]
  • [27] paparina wirina to keep on painting more and more
  • [28] paparina tarakana for more and more [people] to swim across
  • [29] paparina paru patana to keep on catching more and more fish
  • [30] kapi paparina for eggs to multiply
  • [31] mardaburu paparina for hail to keep descending more heavily
  • [32] mardalburu paparina for stones to increase in number
  • [33] potuni paparina to aspire after more and more possessions
  • [34] karu paparina punkana for more and grey hairs to grow
  • [35] kima paparina for a swelling to increase in size
  • [36] paparina najina to keep seeing more and more
  • [37] paparina tjurana for the diarrhoea to grow worse
  • [38] kumari paparina [tintana] to lose an increasing amount of blood
  • [39] paparina kipana to prod around more and more
  • [40] paparina tarpana to lean out more and more
  • [41] paparina wilkana to inflate better and better

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Spelling: None
Context: Here [now] are listed all those plants which bear their seed in pods or capsules.
Grammar: feminine gender.
  • [1] mutja plant with seed pods
  • [2] wirra plant with seed pods
  • [3] kuntjiri plant with seed pods
  • [4] patara plant with seed pods
  • [5] duntji plant with seed pods
  • [6] tjiri plant with seed pods
  • [7] katju plant with seed pods
  • [8] marudunka plant with seed pods
  • [9] mananda plant with seed pods
  • [10] wajaka plant with seed pods
  • [11] burku plant with seed pods
  • [12] pararka plant with seed pods
  • [13] manawara plant with seed pods
  • [14] murlu plant with seed pods
  • [15] jika plant with seed pods
  • [16] narda plant with seed pods
  • [17] ngakarla plant with seed pods
  • [18] mardu plant with seed pods
  • [19] malka plant with seed pods
  • [20] dilka plant with seed pods
  • [21] winpara plant with seed pods
  • [22] parlaparu plant with seed pods
  • [23] winkara plant with seed pods
  • [24] wirlapi plant with seed pods
  • [25] kalumba plant with seed pods
  • [26] wilti plant with seed pods
  • [27] wirpari plant with seed pods
  • [28] kudnampira plant with seed pods
  • [29] talipundru plant with seed pods
  • [30] tuldrani plant with seed pods
  • [31] ngamatanka plant with seed pods
  • [32] katatja plant with seed pods
  • [33] kurali plant with seed pods
  • [34] kujamara plant with seed pods
  • [35] kirlikirliku plant with seed pods
  • [36] katjabutubutu plant with seed pods
  • [37] kuluwa plant with seed pods
  • [38] ngurawonpa plant with seed pods
  • [39] kalki plant with seed pods
  • [40] ngilpa plant with seed pods
  • [41] kadniliriliri plant with seed pods
  • [42] ngardukamparla plant with seed pods
  • [43] wariwari plant with seed pods
  • [44] minjilpara plant with seed pods
  • [45] worduru plant with seed pods
  • [46] manila plant with seed pods
  • [47] pirnalku plant with seed pods
  • [48] ngamakalingura plant with seed pods
  • [49] tajamani plant with seed pods
  • [50] ngamakatakata plant with seed pods
  • [51] kalku plant with seed pods
  • [52] turatura plant with seed pods
  • [53] dinati plant with seed pods
  • [54] tilikauira plant with seed pods
  • [55] ngurapunda plant with seed pods
  • [56] wirlatanki plant with seed pods
  • [57] puntua plant with seed pods
  • [58] parumilkitandra plant with seed pods
  • [59] wanuwanu plant with seed pods
  • [60] kawalkapaua plant with seed pods
  • [61] wadlanguru plant with seed pods
  • [62] kudnanjarda plant with seed pods
  • [63] kana plant with seed pods
  • [64] ngarlu plant with seed pods
  • [65] katatja plant with seed pods
    Xref: No. 2597-32
  • [66] majamaja plant with seed pods
  • [67] duldara plant with seed pods
  • [68] ngantiwakatu plant with seed pods
  • [69] julanti plant with seed pods
  • [70] manjura plant with seed pods
  • [71] junganta plant with seed pods
  • [72] ngarumba plant with seed pods
  • [74] pulpuru plant with seed pods
  • [75] dikiri plant with seed pods
  • [76] ditla plant with seed pods
  • [77] kidnitjimpirka plant with seed pods
  • [78] tarapakilja plant with seed pods
  • [79] pilti plant with seed pods
  • [80] nguramaralje plant with seed pods
  • [81] katukatumarkara plant with seed pods
  • [82] makuwoda plant with seed pods
  • [83] dilkamai plant with seed pods
  • [84] wonamankara plant with seed pods
  • [85] womamai plant with seed pods
  • [86] minalkuru plant with seed pods
  • [87] putupaja plant with seed pods
  • [88] kuarka plant with seed pods
  • [89] pitiwarukati plant with seed pods
  • [90] dankakaldri plant with seed pods
  • [91] ngurakukalka plant with seed pods
  • [92] miminkirla plant with seed pods
    Addition: spelled by Reuther "mininkirla".
  • [93] makumuru plant with seed pods
  • [94] kalanka plant with seed pods
  • [95] jaua plant with seed pods
  • [96] palkalara plant with seed pods
  • [97] ngaljaru plant with seed pods
  • [98] nguradikiri plant with seed pods
  • [99] mpiampia plant with seed pods
  • [100] ngardu plant with seed pods
  • [101] wundru plant with seed pods

Spelling: None
Context: i.e. to chant invocatory songs, so that fruit sets.

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Spelling: para
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] kana para human hair
  • [2] parawiri tips of the hair
  • [3] para wirdi long hair
  • [4] para wordu short hair
  • [5] para dupudupu curly hair
  • [6] para kuriljiri lovely hair
  • [7] para wadiwadi slowly-growing hair
    Context: e.g. that of old people.
  • [8] para maralje blonde or reddish hair
  • [9] para karana to wrap the hair around. This is done so that it stays up
  • [10] para tjarutjaru scrubby, shaggy hair
  • [11] para mati ngankana to make hair heavy and hard
    Context: to twist hair into string
  • [12] para tatina to cut hair off
    Context: with a stone knife.
  • [13] para moku plait of hair, strand of hair, tuft of hair; plait of hair twisted or matted together
  • [14] para balu naked hair, no hair

Spelling: paRatyi
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] turu paraitji firelight
  • [2] ditji paraitji sunlight
  • [3] pirra paraitji moonlight
  • [4] talara paraitji rain light
    Idiom: lightning.

Spelling: paRatyi-yitya

Spelling: paRatyi-ri-ipa-rna
Context: so that [a fire] burns or lights up.

Spelling: paRaty-ri-rna
  • [1] ditji paraitjirina for the sun to begin to shine
  • [2] pirra paraitjirina for the moon to begin to shine
  • [3] talara paraitjirina for there to be lightning
  • [4] turu paraitjirina for a fire to flare up
  • [5] mita paraitjirina for the earth to get light
    Context: when the sun rises.

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Etymology: compound of para hair, kali knob; knot, and -na he, means 'one that has lumps of hair hanging down'.

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Etymology: composed of paraka slope, incline and -na he, meaning '[the one on] the slope, because he was fond of sitting there'

Spelling: None
Etymology: derived from paraka shore, paja bird, walpu bone and -na he, denotes 'one that is sitting on the shore [of the lake] in the shade, with a bird-bone in its mouth'.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Etymology: from para hair and karli locks; curls, means 'curly hair'.

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Etymology: derived from paraka shore; slope, tindritindri to wag the tail and -na he, denotes 'one that sits on the shore in the shade and wags his tail'.

Spelling: parra-lha-rlu

Spelling: parra-rna
  • [1] muka parana to be lying asleep
  • [2] muntja parana to be laid up sick
  • [3] pita parana for wood to lie [about]
  • [4] mita parana for a country to exist
  • [5] ngapa parana for water to stand [or lie about]
  • [6] poto parana for things to lie [about]
  • [7] pata parana to be wet country
  • [8] mara parana for the hand to rest upon
    Context: not to let go of something.
  • [9] marda parana for a stone to lie down
    Context: e.g. a millstone inside a wurley.
  • [10] marna parana for the mouth to lie down
    Idiom: to say (something) unafraid.
  • [11] buka parana for food to be available
  • [12] tidna parana for footprints to lie down
    Idiom: for footprints to exist.
  • [13] manu parana for one's disposition to lie down
    Idiom: to direct one's attention on something.
  • [14] mura parana for a sacred ceremony to lie down
    Idiom: for one to be familiar with (it).
  • [15] minka parana far a hole or burrow to lie down
    Context: for the holes to exist.
  • [16] kanta parana for grass to lie down
    Context: for there to be a lot of grass.
  • [17] buru parana for payment of a bartering debt to be available
  • [18] darku parana to be around close-by
    Context: e.g. when rainclouds [hang low] and move about close-by.
  • [19] maua parana for there to be a famine [or] drought
  • [20] pitaru parana for there to be a drought
  • [21] nari parana to be lying dead
  • [22] wonki parana to remain lying
  • [23] turu parana for there to be a fire
  • [24] palto parana for there to be a track
  • [25] tinka parana for night to [have] come
  • [26] tiri parana to have evil designs
  • [27] wolkari parana for there to be peace
  • [28] kulkani parana for a guardian [or protector] to be available
  • [29] jaura parana for there to be news; for a rumour to exist
  • [30] tida parana for a contradiction to exist
  • [31] kupa parana for there to be a child
  • [32] kapi parana for eggs to be lying
  • [33] paru parana for there to be fish
  • [34] wilpa parana for a debt to exist
  • [35] worku parana to be near-by
  • [36] watara parana for there to be wind
  • [37] kilpa parana for winter to [have] come
  • [38] woldra parana for summer to [hve] com
  • [39] tapa parana for there to be a wound
  • [40] kundrukundru parana for colds to be [prevalent]
  • [41] milkikima parana for bung eyes to be [the order of the day]
  • [42] kuma parana for news of a death to have come to hand
  • [43] punga parana for there to be a wurley
  • [44] karalja parana for things to be available for giving away
  • [45] karku parana for ochre to be available
  • [46] jaua parana for 'jaua' to be available
  • [47] pitjiri parana for chewing-tobacco to be available
  • [48] moku parana for there to be bones
  • [49] kalara parana for there to be stone axes
  • [50] buljubulju parana for there to be trouble
  • [51] tindi parana for there to be wood-chips
  • [52] tjilpi parana for something to be in the wad
  • [53] njelbunjelbu parana something available for everybody
  • [54] Example:
    parari parai
    agitation is dying down
  • [55] tjuuru parana to be the last one slain
    Context: no more to be killed.
  • [56] malka parana for there to be marks or signs
  • [57] kukati parana for south to be there,
    Context: for the wind to be in the south.
  • [58] tali parana for a tongue to be there
    Idiom: to give one's word for it.
  • [59] kunmi to be foggy; for there to be a fog
  • [60] puturu parana to be dusty; for there to be dust
  • [61] koda parana for there to be moonlight
  • [62] walto parana to lie exhausted
  • [63] tapinini for there to be full and plenty
  • [64] wilpa parana for there to be holes
  • [65] pata parana for there to be damp earth

Spelling: parra-rna-yitya

Spelling: parapara
  • [1] parapara jatana to speak loudly
  • [2] parapara karkana to call out loudly
  • [3] parapara wajina to cook thoroughly
  • [4] parapara nandrana to fight vigorously
  • [5] parapara tajina to eat voicously
  • [6] parapara tapana to drink heavily
  • [7] parapara wapana to go quickly
  • [8] parapara najina to watch carefully
  • [9] parapara palto najina to look well to the track, so as not to stray from it
  • [10] parapara pudlangana to breathe quickly
  • [11] parapara kinkana to laugh loudly
  • [12] parapara pataria to suffer painfully
  • [13] parapara Mrana to ram in tightly
  • [14] parapara ngakana to blow hard
  • [15] parapara godana to rain hard
  • [16] parapara mindrina to run fast
  • [17] parapara ngundrana to think intently
  • [18] parapara wontina to seek earnestly
  • [19] parapara parumana to pull vigorously
  • [20] parapara punkana to grow fast
  • [21] parapara wonkana to sing loudly
  • [22] parapara kunkana to limp badly
  • [23] parapara jatamalina to fight lu--tily
  • [24] parapara mintjina to shine fiercely (hot)
  • [25] parapara jerkina to burn fiercely (strongly)
  • [26] parapara to glow brightly
    Context: e.g. sunset red.
  • [27] parapara dakana to pierce quickly
  • [28] parapara njurlina firmly to strangle
  • [29] parapara damana to cut in deeply
  • [30] parapara kipana to poke vigorously, to prod vigorously, to probe around vigorously
  • [31] parapara jekibana to ask continuously
  • [32] parapara dauadauana to forbid sternly
  • [33] parapara bakuna to dig vigorously
  • [34] parapara ngokuworana to vomit profusely
  • [35] parapara mirrana to itch intensely
    Context: e.g. the skin.
  • [36] parapara mukaturarana to sleep soundly
  • [37] parapara ngantjana to love dearly
  • [38] parapara ngarana to listen intently
    Context: to listen in [dead] silence.
  • [39] parapara maritjina to shout loudly
  • [40] parapara dijana to aim vigorously; to throw with all one's might
  • [41] parapara kulkana to guard diligently
  • [42] parapara nankana to press hard

Spelling: parapara-lha-rlu

Spelling: parapara-li
  • [1] paraparali najina to look sternly at something; to watch intently
  • [2] paraparali ngankana to work diligently

Spelling: parapara-Ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: parapara-Ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna
Context: so that it happens with greater speed or intensity.

Spelling: parapara-Ri-rna
Grammar: As a verb, this word indicates an intensification of what is said of parapara.

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  • [1] talara parara over-all rain
    Context: i.e. when the sky is completely covered with clouds, so that not one single cloud can be seen [on its own].
  • [2] kana parara total number of people
  • [3] punga parara covered wurley
    Context: wurley that is completely covered over, without any hole in the roof.
  • [4] manu parara contented nature
    Context: when a person has an over-all sufficiency.
  • [5] ngapa parara unbroken [expanse of] water
    Context: with no islands.
  • [6] ngalpuru parara dense [i.e. total] darkness
  • [7] tataru parara thick, impenetrable fog
  • [8] talpa parara impenetrable ears
    Context: i.e. when a person can hear nothing at all; totally deaf.
  • [9] milki parara totally blind
  • [10] poto parara total possessions
    Context: when someone gives away absolutely none of his goods.
  • [11] jaura parara full of words
    Idiom: someone who doesn't speak.
  • [12] muntja parara constantly sick, indisposed
  • [13] kanta parara full of grass
    Context: e.g. when the ground is completely covered with grass.
  • [14] ngapa parara water completely filled
    Context: covered with birds.
  • [15] mita parara completely covered ground
    Context: e.g. when one cannot see it on account of darkness.
  • [16] mana parara completely cluttered entrance to a wurley
  • [17] kutu parara completely filled in hole
  • [18] parara ngankana to cover densely
  • [19] poto wilpa parara nuankana to fully meet an exchange debt
  • [20] punga parara ngankana to stuff holes in the wurley completely shut
  • [21] nganti parara ngankana to completely cover meat
    Context: in the ashes.
  • [22] tidna parara completely covered feet
    Idiom: not to let one's wife go; to hang on to her well and truly.
  • [23] ngura parara completely covered camp
    Context: by huts or people.
  • [24] pita parara thick scrub
  • [25] parara ngankaterina to completely cover oneself up
  • [26] pungani parara ngankaterina to completely shut oneself up inside a hut; to barricade everything
  • [27] talpa parara noankaterina to completely close one's ears to everything
  • [28] milki parara ngankaterina to [completely] close one's eyes [to everything], desirous to see nothing
  • [29] mitali parara ngankaterina to cover oneself completely with earth
    Context: only one's face to be peeping out.
  • [30] parara ngankijirbana to cover up someone else; to cover something up for someone else
  • [31] parara ngankalalu act of covering up

Spelling: parraRa-rna
  • [1] pantuni pararana to cross a lake
    Context: whether it is full of water or not.
  • [2] kajirani pararana to cross straight over the creek
  • [3] Kunari pararana to cross straight over Cooper's Creek
  • [4] mardani pararana to cross a gibber plain
  • [5] wipani pararana to walk straight across a valley
  • [6] pantji pararana to swim for a distance under water
    Context: to submerge here, and come up yonder.
  • [7] wirina pararana to enter and stay inside
    Context: e.g. a wurley.
  • [8] mara pararana to shove one's hand inside
  • [9] dukarana pararana to take out to go inside
    Context: to reach inside and take something out
  • [10] jatana pararana to speak across
    Context: to speak across to the other side.
  • [11] karkana pararana to call across
    Context: to call across to the other side.
  • [12] wokarala pararana to come across; to come over
    Context: [to the other side].
  • [13] buruja pararana until the end to go over
    Context: to cross over to the [other] end (of a lake); to come across [to this end of a lake].
  • [14] dijana pararana to throw across
  • [15] manina pararana to take across, to fetch across, to bring across
  • [16] ngarana pararana to hear across
    Context: to hear as far as the other side.
  • [17] najina pararana to look across (this way or that)
  • [18] karana pararana to touch or catch hold of, to feel across, to notice what someone's secret designs are; to sense someone's ideas
    Context: over here or over there, to determine what a person is doing.
  • [19] purkana pararana to wade across water
    Context: in this direction or that, and reach shore.
  • [20] tarakana pararana to swim across (this way or that)
  • [21] wondrana pararana to show across, to point across
    Context: [to the other side], in this direction or that.
  • [22] ngulukana pararana to spy across
    Context: [to the other side], in this direction or that.
  • [23] tajila pararana to go across to eat
  • [24] kurarana pararana to lay across
  • [25] winpana pararana to ask across, to enquire across
    Context: [to the other side].
  • [26] tilpana pararana to urge across, to induce from across the way
    Context: e.g. to tell someone to go away.
  • [27] dangana pararana to chase away
    Context: from one side or the other.
  • [28] nandrana pararana to fight [or kill] across
    Context: from one side or the other.
  • [29] kata ngarana pararana to hear the sound [floating] across
  • [30] jinkina pararana to hand over
  • [31] talpana pararana to warm the next person lying adjacent
  • [32] wokaribana pararana to break off across
    Context: to break down bushes to enable someone to get across.
  • [33] pantamana pararana to stare hard at a person standing opposite
  • [34] turarana pararana to lie down opposite
  • [35] tampana pararana to sneak across
  • [36] talpadakana pararana to promise across
    Context: to whisper to someone standing opposite.
  • [37] duljaduljamana pararana to scatter to and fro
  • [38] kiri najina pararana to look across covetously
  • [39] dukarana pararana to peer across, to peep across
  • [40] kipana pararana to bump across; to stumble across
  • [41] kurana pararana to lay aside
  • [42] ngamana pararana to sit opposite
  • [43] damana pararana to cut opposite
    Context: to cut a man standing opposite with a stone knife.
  • [44] panimana pararana to smell across
  • [45] mirlana pararana to throw the earth out of a hole across
    Context: in this direction or that.
  • [46] ngamana tapana pararana to sit to drink to lie across
    Context: to lie at the breast and drink.
  • [47] kuntjina pararana to break off and throw down; to beat out
  • [48] ngarrana pararana to stick on
  • [49] karana pararana to tie on; to wrap around
  • [50] tarana pararana to run across

Spelling: None
Mythology: Pintanganina carried his fishing-net across the water.

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  • [1] manka pararaterina slowly to venture across
  • [2] nurujeli pararaterina quickly to venture across
  • [3] mukaia pararaterina to venture across in order to have a sleep
  • [4] jaura pararaterina to carry news across oneself

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  • [1] poto pararijirbana to carry goods across for someone else
  • [2] nganti pararijirbana to carry meat across for someone else

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Spelling: para-Ri-rna
Context: e.g. when a child's hairs begin to grow.
Mythology: [This word] was coined by Ngaltimpara .

Spelling: None
Context: on which water accumulates when it rains, but on which nothing grows due to [the nature of] its hard surface.
Grammar: feminine gender.
  • [1] wima paratara [sacred] corroboree ground
    Context: where [sacred] festivals are staged.
  • [2] mura paratara sacred ceremonial site
    Context: where the ceremonies of the muramura are staged.
  • [3] milbiri paratara high forehead, broad forehead
  • [4] mandra paratara full stomach, round stomach
  • [5] kajiri mandra paratara broad, smooth, untimbered creek-bed
  • [6] paru paratara fish flat
    Context: where the fish are [put out] to dry.
  • [7] tidna paratara broad feet

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Etymology: one that rambles and wanders about on the plains.
Ethnography: The names of the dogs mentioned above originated from the muramura. The majority of these had dogs [living] with them or led dogs about [on their wanderings]. For this reason the dog is a sacred animal to the Aborigines; his usefulness, of course, also speaks in his favour. In order to show respect for his own muramura, a man readily called his own dog by the name of the muramura s dog. Moreover, the dog is held in such high esteem, that it was also included in the list of mardu. While they were still small, pups were taken from the burrows of wild dogs and domesticated. A lot of attention was devoted to them. Their snouts were scorched, so that they learnt to love the fire and became accustomed to people at the same time. If a dog went astray, an [artificial] dog's head was made up and the [relevant] totemic song was chanted. This was expected to entice the dog back [home]. In an Aboriginal camp there were usually one to four dogs, to whom the utmost attention was given. However, since the 'native' people have come by our European dogs, everybody now owns a considerable number. When [ever] a tamed dingo died, there was great distress; one mourned for it, just as though it was a human being. It has happened that people have suffered the loss of their own lives for the sake of a dog. The latter was especially the case, when one man's dog bit another's dog to death. If the owner of a dog died, one took comfort in the latter; if the dog also died, one again remembered his master and prepared for revenge. Once, in the vicinity of Blanchewater, a dog by the name of Pilpanta died. The people sat down together, and the whole camp was in mourning. They painted themselves in the same colours as those of the dead dog, crawled around on all fours, and chanted the sacred song of the muramura whose name the dog had borne. When this was over, they made atonement by hitting one another over the head, until they were covered in blood.

Spelling: parawaRa-lha-rlu

Spelling: None
Context: i.e. when everything goes higgeldy-piggeldy.
Etymology: From para hairs of the head and warana to move, signifying 'for the hairs to move'.
  • [1] mangatandra parawarana for one to become confused in the head; for things to become all mixed up in one's head
  • [2] pilpa parawarana for the temples to become confused
    Context: to be painful.
  • [3] butju parawarana for a blind man to grope [his way] around
  • [4] ngalpurani parawarana to become confused in the darkness
    Context: not [to be able] to find one's way.
  • [5] watara parawarana for the wind to go crazy
    Context: e.g. when a whirlwind turns everything upside down.
  • [6] bukatjirini parawarana to get lost in the bush [or scrub]
  • [7] potuni parawarana to get mixed up with regard to things
    Context: to distribute wrongly.
  • [8] woldrala parawarana for a heat-affected person to grow delirious
    Context: for a person who has been sunstruck to become delirious, confused.
  • [9] parawarana turarana to be delirious in one's sleep
    Grammar: adverb use.
  • [10] milkidiltja parawarana [to feel giddy]
    Context: when everything moves in front of one's eyes.
  • [11] parawarana jatana to talk in a delirium
  • [12] parawarana dijana to take aim at something while in a state of delirium
  • [13] kutjila parawarana for a person affected by the devil to be out of his wits; to be obsessed

Spelling: parawaRa-rna
Etymology: [derived from] para hair of the head and warana to move about; to become twisted together. This means: 'for the hair to move about', as, for example, when the wind disturbs it. It is from this picture that the meaning of the word is derived, viz., to be confused; to be [mentally] bewildered, [so as] not to realise what one is doing. In this case the mind is thought of as being as agitated as the hair which the wind has disturbed. Hence the word.
  • [1] kana parawarana for a man to be bewildered or mentally disturbed
  • [2] mukali parawarana bewildered by sleep
    Context: as when, e.g. upon waking up, one is not [fully] conscious immediately.
  • [3] woldrala parawarana delirious from the heat
    Context: e.g. when a man, on account of the heat, almost loses his reason whilst travelling without water.
  • [4] kutjila parawarana bewildered by the devil; bedevilled; demon-possessed
    Context: It is the devil who confuses and bewilders the mind.
  • [5] watarala parawarana for a wind-bound traveller to be crazy
    Context: not in his right mind, e.g. when he has been travelling all day against the wind.
  • [6] potuni parawarana senseless [in one's treatment] of private property (things)
    Context: unintentionally and thoughtlessly to take along this or that belonging to somebody else.
  • [7] kantani parawarana to be affected out in the bush
    Context: person who is constantly out bush and seldom returns to the community.
  • [8] njurlinala parawarana for a strangled man to be delirious
    Context: dying during the night.
  • [9] mangatandra parawarana to be confused in one's head
    Context: not properly knowing what one is doing.
  • [10] parawarana ngaperi dijana out of carelessness to kill one's father
    Context: [with a boomerang].
  • [11] ngalpurani parawarana to become confused in the darkness
    Context: to lose one's way.
  • [12] bukabukani parawarana to lose one's way in thick scrub
  • [13] potuni parawarana to become confused over one's goods and chattels
    Context: so as to forget about them.
  • [14] jaurani parawarana to become confused over words
    Context: no longer to understand them.
  • [15] talarala parawarana for a person [affected by] the rain to have a headache
    Context: e.g. when a person has caught a chill in the rain and [consequently] suffers from a headache.

Spelling: parrawaRa-rna-yitya
Context: e.g. the devil. Reuther: "Teufelaner".

Spelling: parrawaRa-lha-rlu

Spelling: None
Context: i.e. to have been the cause of it oneself.

Spelling: parawaRa-rna-yitya

Spelling: parawaRa-Ri-ipa-rna
Context: This is caused by spirits, wind, rain, cold, heat, etc.

Spelling: parrawaRa-Ri-ipa-rna
  • [1] kana parawararibana to make a person delirious
    Context: When a person is strangled, he first becomes delirious.
  • [2] kutjieli parawararibana to be made delirious by the devil
    Context: when he has deprived a person of his soul.
  • [3] pitjirali parawararibana for chewing-tobacco to stupefy
    Context: The person concerned has chewed too much [of it].
  • [4] ngalpurali parawararibana for darkness to confuse

Spelling: parrawaRa-Ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna
Mythology: Tirrawuldruna saw an emu eating a poisonous plant (grass). It was stupefied by it.

Spelling: parrawaRa-tharri-rna

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Spelling: None
Mythology: Martjamarpina grew weary, when he carried away the huge stone. See the legend in Volume X, original pp.167-174.

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  • [1] wonkana paribana to stamp one's feet heavily during the singing [or chanting]
  • [2] nariwonpa paribana to weigh down a grave mound
    Context: to place lots of logs and sand on it.
  • [3] nganti paribana to place a heavy load on meat
    Context: hot sand, while it is cooking.
  • [4] punga paribana to heavily cover a wurley

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  • [1] milki parina for eyes to become heavy
    Idiom: for eyes to fall shut, to grow tired
  • [2] mandra parina for the stomach to get heavy
    Idiom: to feel uncomfortable, after having eaten a very large meal
  • [3] tara parina for the legs to feel heavy and clumsy
    Context: when tired.
  • [4] poto parina for articles to get heavy, burdensome
  • [5] nguna parina for one's arms to get heavy
    Context: to grow tired (or) weary.
  • [6] mita parina for the earth to become oppressed, for the earth to carry a heavy load
    Context: when it is covered in green [grass].
  • [7] pirra parina for the moon to wane
  • [8] turutupu parina for smoke to rise sluggishly
  • [9] marda parina for a millstone to oppress
    Idiom: for a millstone to get heavy
  • [10] diltja parina for one's muscles to tire
  • [11] palku parina for one's body to grow weary
  • [12] mangatandra parina for one's head to grow tired
    Context: from carrying something.
  • [13] doku parina for one's back to grow tired, (from pickabacking a child)
  • [14] mudla parina for one's nose to become stuffed, blocked
  • [15] ngapa parina for the water to bear a heavy load, (when lots of birds are swimming on it)
  • [16] makapari rays of the setting sun

Spelling: None
Ethnography: woven of flax and used during the pounding of seed, so that [none of] the seed is wasted.

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  • [1] kupa pariparibana to lull a child to
  • [2] noa pariparibana to comfort one's wife (or) husband
  • [3] kana pariparibana to make people of something

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  • [1] ngantini pariparina to look around for [some] animals
  • [2] kanani pariparina to keep a look out for people
  • [3] talarani pariparina to watch out for rain
  • [4] turuni pariparina to keep a watch for any [evidence of] fire
  • [5] jaurani pariparina to be on the lookout for news

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Spelling: parkulu
Comparative: Among the Wonkangurus it means 'two'.
  • [1] ditji parkulu three days
  • [2] pirra parkulu three months
  • [3] kindala parkulu three dogs
  • [4] kana parkulu three people
  • [5] pita parkulu three trees
  • [6] kajiri parkulu three creeks
  • [7] paja parkulu three birds
  • [8] punga parkulu three wurleys
  • [9] nganti parkulu three animals

Spelling: parkulu-ka
Grammar: interrogative.

Spelling: parkulu-ku
Grammar: indefinite.

Spelling: parkulu-lha

Spelling: parkulu-ntya

Spelling: parkulu-ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: parkulu-ri-rna

Spelling: parkulu-tha

Spelling: parla
  • [1] mana parla obscene mouth
    Context: when a person utters obscene remarks. The tutors in [tribal] law say: manaparla kana nari obscene remarks (about other people) spell a man's death
  • [2] parlamara steeped in fornication
    Context: habitually occupied with prostitution
  • [3] milki parla lustful eyes, suggestive eyes
  • [4] jaura parla obscene words
  • [5] ngara parla lascivious heart, lustful heart

Spelling: parla
Grammar: masculine gender.
Context: human and animal.

Spelling: parla-kantyi
Etymology: compound of parla (cf. No. 2553) and kantji which indicates certainty. Meaning: 'sperm indeed'. Properly translated, the word means 'burning lust; hot passion'.
Ethnography: Among the Aborigines this is a very serious word. Anyone to whom it is applied may be assured of being strangled. It can be applied to girls, women, youths and men. For this reason the instructors in [tribal] law teach: jura parlakantji ngamanani, jurangu kalala nari you sensualists if sitting [down], to you reward death if you lead sensual lives, you will be killed by way of strangulation A man applies this term only in the most extreme cases. Some individual offences in this connection are judged more leniently. Nevertheless, the horribleness of heathendom here comes to light.

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  • [1] palku parlaparla stoical body
    Context: e.g. when a man takes no notice of a [hard] blow.
  • [2] tidna parlaparla insensitive feet
    Context: that do not get sore from stones.
  • [3] pariwilpa parlaparla impassive sky
    Context: that sends no rain.
  • [4] ditji parlaparla insensitive sun
    Context: when it has no sting.
  • [5] jaura parlaparla words that don't impress
  • [6] paraitji parlaparla semi-bright fire
  • [7] pita parlaparla sluggish piece of wood
    Context: that won't burn.
  • [8] paru parlaparla numb, impassive fish that slips out of one's hand
  • [9] mardakalara parlaparla unimpressionable stone-axe, that suffers no damage
  • [10] turuni parlaparla insensitive to fire
  • [11] mudla parlaparla smooth face, without beard hairs
  • [12] milki parlaparla short visibility, when everything grows hazy in the distance
  • [13] parlaparla unimpressionable wurley, that doesn't absorb any warmth
  • [14] paja parlaparla insensitive bird
    Context: which is able to endure heat and cold.
  • [15] njurdu parlaparla numb body-hairs
    Context: i.e. when a man is not shy in the presence of women.
  • [16] jindri parlaparla insensitive to gossip, attaching no importance to it
  • [17] kupa parlaparla stoical, apathetic child, that gives no heed to warnings; head-strong, stubborn child
  • [18] wona parlaparla unimpressionable digging sticks, which are blunt for digging
  • [19] manu parlaparla unsympathetic nature
    Context: that feels no love.

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  • [1] pita parlaparlaribana to make firewood resistant
    Context: rain does this.
  • [2] manujeli parlaparlaribana to make one's feelings capable of withstanding
    Context: not to succumb to one's feelings.
  • [3] watara parlaparlaribana to offer resistance to wind
    Context: by means of an [invocatory] song.

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Spelling: None
Mythology: Kirlawilina did not give the [young] girl to his dinara Spelt tinara in Volume X, original pp. 3, 71 and 72. nephew; he rather voiced his objection.

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  • [1] kana parlaparlarina for a man to offer resistance
  • [2] parlaparlarina wapana irresistibly to go
    Context: not to let oneself be held back any longer.
  • [3] parlaparlarina jatajatana to chatter away in opposition
    Context: not to want to be told: "all your talking is useless".
    Grammar: adverb use.
  • [4] mankarani parlaparlarina to reveal opposition to a [certain] girl
    Context: not to want to marry her.
  • [5] kinkarli parlaparlarina to keep on laughing in spite of protests
  • [6] japala parlaparlarina for a scared man to keep running without listening to entreaties
  • [7] ngatjina parlaparlarina not to let oneself be intimidated from begging

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Spelling: None
Context: that carries its young on its back.
Grammar: feminine gender.
Xref: No. 961-15

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Addition: under No. 2664-09 Reuther lists this as a 'type of edible caterpillar, type of edible grub'.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Context: it drips a milky fluid when its branches are broken off.
Context: Re parla see No.2553; while -ti is a suffix expressing a threat). Sharply observant, [members of] the pagan world have often given expression to their metaphors in names.

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  • [1] ngapajunga parli shrivelled up [skin] waterbag
  • [2] manu parli dry disposition; sterile nature
    Context: devoid of any more feeling for anything.
  • [3] ngapa parli dried up waterhole
  • [4] tiri parli dried up anger
    Idiom: mitigated anger.
  • [5] jaura parli empty words
    Context: without real meaning, [or] of little consequence.
  • [6] kima parli subdued swelling
  • [7] milki parli diminished eye-sight
  • [8] mandra parli shrunken stomach
  • [9] ngulku parli evil that has subsided
  • [10] tapa parli diminishing wound, outward-healing wound
  • [11] tandra parli tiny fruit, shrivelled up fruit
  • [12] pirra parli waning moon
  • [13] marda parli worn-out millstone
  • [14] ngaru parli diminishing voice, softening voice
  • [15] palku parli shrunken body
    Context: e.g. of old people.
  • [16] tidna parli softly-treading foot
  • [17] indri parli subsiding weeping and wailing
  • [18] poto parli diminishing goods
  • [19] billi parli empty-growing dilly-bag
  • [20] palto parli less-trodden path, increasingly disused track

Spelling: None
Context: e.g. a waterbag that leaks.
Mythology: The waterbag of Kujumokuna shrivelled together considerably, because he was always drinking water.

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  • [1] kana parliribana to belittle a person with words
    Context: so that he can say little more.
  • [2] mandra parliribana to empty out a stomach
  • [3] billi parliribana to empty out a dillybag
  • [4] ngapajunga parliribana to empty a [skin] waterbag

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Spelling: parapara-yitya

Spelling: parru

Spelling: parru
Context: generic term.

Spelling: parru
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: parru paka

Spelling: parru-iyirpa-rna

Spelling: parruma-lha-rlu

Spelling: parruma-rna
  • [1] kanta parumana to drag brushwood hither
  • [2] kindala parumana to drag away a dog
    Context: when it is dead.
  • [3] jama parumana to pull out a fishing-net
  • [4] jinka parumana to pull out a string
  • [5] mudla parumana to stretch one's face
    Idiom: to lure someone away.
  • [6] jaura parumana to spread word
    Context: to tell the news here, there and everywhere.
  • [7] mara parumana to pull away one's hand
    Idiom: to receive nothing and to have to go away empty-handed.
  • [8] manu parumana to stretch one's feelings
    Idiom: to let one's thoughts and feelings wander far away.
  • [9] ngapa parumana to spread water [far and wide]. The clouds do this
  • [10] ngara parumana to stretch one's heart
    Idiom: quickly to take something to someone
  • [11] nguna parumana to pull out one's arm
    Idiom: to drag someone away by the arm.
  • [12] billi parumana to stretch a dillybag

Spelling: parruma-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: parruma-rna-yitya
Mythology: The men of Mandramankana dragged together some brushwood, with which to direct the fish [into the nets].

Spelling: parruma-tharri-rna
Addition: Reuther's original entry is "paruterina" but this seems to be an error.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Etymology: derived from paru fish and milkitandra eye, means 'fish-eyes'. The seed [of this plant] looks like fishes' eyes.

Spelling: paRupaRu
  • [1] mita paruparu land everywhere
  • [2] kanta paruparu grass everywhere
  • [3] kana paruparu people everywhere
  • [4] talara paruparu rain everywhere
  • [5] marda paruparu stones everywhere; everything full of stones
  • [6] jaura paruparu rumours everywhere
  • [7] kiri paruparu clued up in everything (everywhere); to know one's way about
  • [8] nganti paruparu animals everywhere
  • [9] maua paruparu famine everywhere, drought everywhere
  • [10] ngapa parvparu water everywhere
  • [11] paja paruparu birds everywhere; everything full of birds
  • [12] dilka paruparu everything full of prickles
  • [13] buka paruparu food everywhere
  • [14] mintjina paruparu to shine everywhere
  • [15] paruparu wapana to go everywhere
    Grammar: adverb use.
  • [16] tiri paruparu bad-tempered everywhere; everybody upset and in a bad mood
  • [17] nari paruparu death everywhere; people dying everywhere
  • [18] muka paruparu asleep everywhere; everybody asleep
  • [19] ngapitja paruparu dreams everywhere
    Context: when several people have had a dream.
  • [20] watara paruparu wind everywhere
    Context: inside and outside.
  • [21] punga paruparu wurleys everywhere
  • [22] malka paruparu markings [or symbols] everywhere.
    Context: all over the body
  • [23] mandra paruparu body everywhere
    Idiom: creek that is wide throughout.
  • [24] muntja paruparu sickness, sick people everywhere
  • [25] mana paruparu mouths everywhere
    Idiom: treachery to right and left (here, there and everywhere).
  • [26] turu paruparu fire[s] everywhere
  • [27] tula paruparu strangers everywhere

Spelling: paRupaRu-Ri-ipa-lha-rlu

Spelling: paRupaRu-yitya
Context: popping up here, there and everywhere.
Mythology: Kirrapajirkina disseminated fire in all directions.

Spelling: paRupaRu-Ri-ipa-rna
  • [1] talara paruparuribana to cause rain to spread out
    Context: by means of an invocatory song.
  • [2] jaura paruparuribana to spread words
  • [3] tjuru paruparuribana to extend one's mind
    Idiom: to widen one's field of vision.

Spelling: paRupaRu-Ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: paRupaRu-Ri-rna
  • [1] panto paruparurina for a lake to extend further [and further]
    Context: for a lake to become fuller [and fuller].
  • [2] talara paruparurina for rain to extend further afield
  • [3] watara paruparurina for wind to become extensive
  • [4] jaura paruparurina for news (words), reports or rumours to spread
  • [5] mita paruparurina for country to extend [a long way]
    Context: for a track to extend further [and further], so that one doesn't reach one's destination.
  • [6] ngulku paruparurina for an accusation to spread
  • [7] palto paruparurina for a track to extend in all directions
    Context: for subsidiary tracks to lead off [from it].
  • [8] wipa paruparurina for a valley to spread out
    Context: so that a view is gained in every direction.
  • [9] dako paruparurina for a sandhill to extend [a long way]
    Context: for the view to broaden out, so that one can see far and wide in every direction.
  • [10] turu paruparurina for a fire (bushfire) to spread far and wide
  • [11] ngarimata paruparurina for a flood to grow to extensive proportions
  • [12] poto paruparurina for goods and chattels to be widespread
    Context: to lie scattered about.
  • [13] mana paruparurina for a mouth to become widespread
    Idiom: for a report or rumour to circulate.
  • [14] muntja paruparurina for sick people to become scattered
    Context: for a sickness to spread.
  • [15] kuma paruparurina for news of a death to circulate
  • [16] tapa paruparurina for sores to spread, for yaws to spread
  • [17] pungala paruparurina for shade to grow more extensive
    Context: e.g. when the sun is covered first by a smaller, then by a larger cloud.
  • [18] milki paruparurina for eyes to spread around further
    Context: for eyes to grow clearer and [able to] see more, e.g. when one wakes from sleep, the vision gradually clears, and one looks about one more and more.
  • [19] wima paruparurina for a song to become wide-spread
    Context: or meet with [general] approval. This may apply to a song that was bequeathed in a dream by a deceased person.
  • [20] mura paruparurina for a deity to spread further afield
    Context: for a [ceremonial] song addressed to the deity to become widespread.

Spelling: patha
Etymology: Among the Tiraris, Woranas and our local Diaris this word means as much as 'without; not; no'. Here, at the same time, it has acquired the meaning of 'outside of, beyond; around outside', which in Diari is covered by [the term] worku around nearby.
  • [1] dakupata around a sandhill
  • [2] turupata without fire
  • [3] paltupata alongside a track
  • [4] jindripata ngamala sitting down without weeping and wailing
    Context: without making lamentation.
  • [5] mirtjapata without shouting
  • [6] manapata without a door (or) entrance
  • [7] pungapata outside of a house
  • [8] jaurapata without a word
  • [9] kalkapata without delay
  • [10] muntapata without oneself
    Idiom: without giving anything, greedy.
  • [11] patapatai let go! leave it alone!
  • [12] japapata without fear
  • [13] kuripata not to steal; without stealing
  • [14] ngaljepata without a little
    Context: to have not even a little, thus nothing at all.
  • [15] najipata without seeing, to see nothing
  • [16] katipata without an escort; [unaccompanied]
  • [17] kulkapata without protection
    Context: don't protect him!
  • [18] muntjapata without a patient
    Context: not to stay by a patient.
  • [19] kupapata without children
  • [20] mukapata without sleep
  • [21] tepipata without life
    Idiom: to be habitually sleepy, dreamy.
  • [22] palkarapata without night (or) darkness
    Context: not in the dark.
  • [23] walturipata without getting tired
  • [24] todapata without a midday siesta
  • [25] markapata without staying out [bush]
  • [26] duldripata without dancing
  • [27] watarapata without wind
  • [28] talarapata without rain
  • [29] billipata without a dilly-bag
  • [30] pitapata without weapons
  • [31] tertipata without thirst
  • [32] ngaperipata without a father
  • [33] wondrapata without a huge piece
  • [34] wakapata without little pieces
  • [35] mardapata without a millstone
  • [36] kulnupata not alone
  • [37] tjiripata without separating
  • [38] naripata without dead people
  • [39] widlapata without a wife
  • [40] nganipata not I
  • [41] ngaldrapata without us two
  • [42] minkapata without burrows (or) holes
  • [43] tidnapata without footprints
  • [44] budukupata without a load
  • [45] pirrapata without the moon

Spelling: parda-lha-rlu

Spelling: parda-mali-rna
  • [1] kana patamalina for people to cling to each other
    Context: they are not to leave.
  • [2] noa patamalina for a married couple to cling to one another, for a married couple to embrace one another
    Context: this they do while sleeping.
  • [3] warukati patamalina for emus to hang on to one another
    Context: when they are mating. Thus of all the animals.

Spelling: parda-rna
  • [1] kana patana to hold a man secure
  • [2] paru patana to catch fish
  • [3] nguna patana to lead someone by the arm
  • [4] mana patana to keep one's mouth shut
  • [5] pita patana to grab a piece of wood (or) a weapon
  • [6] turu patana to take (some) fire along
  • [7] manu patana to hold one's feelings in check; to reserve one's opinion
  • [8] jaura natana to check one's words; to reserve one's speech
  • [9] jerkala patana to grab (someone) by the neck, in order to strangle him
  • [10] kindala patana to hold [back] a dog
  • [11] ngapakura patana to hold back a local shower of rain
    Context: by means of an invocatory song.
  • [12] jinka patana to grab [a piece of] string
  • [13] mara patana to clasp hands
  • [14] ngara patana to grab at one's heart
    Idiom: to give up a love affair.
  • [15] poto patana not to send articles
  • [16] noa patana to take a wife; to marry
  • [17] ngapa patana to catch water
    Context: a lake does this.
  • [18] paraitji patana to take along a firestick
  • [19] ditji patana to catch the sun
    Context: to follow in the direction of the sun.
  • [20] kalka patana to catch hold of the night
    Context: to walk in the direction of evening's red glow.
  • [21] kupa patana to mind a child
  • [22] kirra patana to grab a boomerang
  • [23] patana dikana to resolve to turn back
  • [24] paru patana dikana to return from fishing
  • [25] milki patana to fix one's attention (eyes) on something
  • [26] warukati patana to catch emus
  • [27] nari patana to take a man for dead
    Context: to aim at him with intent to kill.
  • [28] kuma patana to receive news of a death
  • [29] ngapitja patana to have a dream; to dream
  • [30] muka patana to call someone a sleepyhead
    Context: because he didn't pay attention.
  • [31] ngaltja patana to induce saliva
    Idiom: to chew (something).
  • [32] diltja patana to grab somebody by the legs
    Context: so that he can't go.
  • [33] kandri patana to grab a fighting-stick [or fighting boomerang]
  • [34] kutja patana to grab some feathers
  • [35] mita patana to stick to (hold fast to) one's place of residence
  • [36] karkujeli patana to grab hold of with red ochre
    Idiom: to terminate (remove) the sorrow of a mourner.
  • [37] tali patana to catch language
    Idiom: easily to learn a language.
  • [38] mura patana easily to learn (or understand) a sacred ceremony
  • [39] watara patana to grab hold of the wind
    Context: to calm the wind by means of an invocatory song.
  • [40] tjukuru patana to catch kangaroos
  • [41] kunjakunja patana to take hold of the little inquest sticks; to hold an inquest
  • [42] wiljaru patana to grab an [uncircumcised] youth ('wiljaru')
  • [43] buru patana to discharge a debt
  • [44] waka patana to represent someone as being small or unimportant
  • [45] ngaperi patana to call someone father
  • [46] ngandri patana to call someone mother
  • [47] neji patana to describe someone as an elder brother
  • [48] tula patana to describe someone as a stranger
    Context: to allow a stranger to settle down, [become a local resident].
  • [49] maua patana to grab hunger
    Idiom: to describe country as [a place] where one obtains insufficient food.
  • [50] jerto patana to describe country as satisfying
    Context: where a lot of game is to be had.
  • [51] muntja patana to be stricken by illness
  • [52] nari patana to believe someone dead
  • [53] tepi patana to believe someone to be still alive
  • [54] witta patana to command (men) to sit down in rows
  • [55] dulkuru patana to describe (something) as deep
  • [56] kaldri patana to decry water as being brackish
  • [57] ngumu patana to call (someone) good
  • [58] nurubaku patana to describe someone as a weakling
  • [59] palto patana to stick to the track
  • [60] nganti patana to catch game (animals)
  • [61] nganka patana to grab someone by the beard

Spelling: patha-rna
Addition: Reuther included further glosses "to grasp, to hold firmly, to clasp, to embrace, to seize hold of, to touch; to prevent, to restrain", however these relate to the next entry.
  • [1] ngani patai I am tired
  • [2] palku patana for the body to be tired
  • [3] mandra patana to have stomach-ache
  • [4] diltja patana for one's muscles to ache
  • [5] pantja patana for one's legs to be painful
  • [6] kuldru patana for one's back to ache; [to have back-ache]
  • [7] pilpiri patana for the shoulder to be painful; [to have a painful shoulder]
  • [8] pitimoku patana for one's coccyx to be painful
  • [9] mangatandra patana to have headache
  • [10] ngara patana to suffer heartache
    Context: when, in spite of a lot of talking, folks won't listen.
  • [11] mara patana to have a painful hand
  • [12] tara patana to have a painful thigh
  • [13] munakadra patana for one's chest to ache
  • [14] mana patana for one's mouth to be tired of talking
    Context: when, after continual speaking, one is not being listened to.
  • [15] nguna patana for one's arm to be tired or painful
    Context: Thus of all the members of the body.

Spelling: parda-rna-yitya
Mythology: Katikati used to catch rats.

Spelling: pathara
Grammar: feminine gender.
Xref: No. 2597-4, No. 2675-1, No. 2756-23, No. 3050-63, No. 3397-1

Spelling: patha-ri-ipa-yitya
Mythology: The followers of Darana said: ngamapata do not stay here!.

Spelling: patha-ri-ipa-lha-rlu

Spelling: patha-ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: patha-ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

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  • [1] talara patarina for the rain to ease off
    Context: for the clouds to become empty.
  • [2] kana patarina for people to become fewer (or) to become scattered
  • [3] nganti patarina for animals to diminish in number
  • [4] turu patarina for firewood to get scarce
  • [5] paru patarina for fish to diminish in number
  • [6] kima patarina for a swelling to go down (or) become smaller
  • [7] tapa patarina for a wound to get smaller
  • [8] muluru patarina for edible caterpillars to become fewer (or) to get scarce
  • [9] poto patarina for things to become scarce
  • [10] kamaneli patarina for friends to become fewer
  • [11] manu patarina for feelings to diminish
    Context: for longing, yearning to subside.
  • [12] kanta patarina for plants (grass) to become scarce
  • [13] buka patarina for food to become scarce
  • [14] ngapa patarina for water to become scarce

Spelling: parda-tharri-rna
  • [1] pitani pataterina to hold on firmly to a tree
    Addition: to guard oneself against missiles (weapons).
  • [2] juri pataterina to keep one's blood-vessel [or artery] sealed
  • [3] nganka pataterina to grab oneself by the beard
    Ethnography: When a man hears the kuriwiliwilinga bird [calling], he quickly grabs his beard, for he believes that the call of this bird will cause his beard to grow backwards [inwards].
  • [4] ngama pataterina to clutch oneself by the breasts
    Ethnography: When a girl hears the kuriwiliwilinga bird [calling], she catches hold of her breasts, otherwise they would cease to grow.
  • [5] manu pataterina not to carry out one's design
  • [6] ngamuru pataterina to represent oneself as an orphan
    Context: e.g. when a man has no more friends who would be willing to support him.
  • [7] waka pataterina to pretend to be small, unimportant
  • [8] pinaru pataterina to describe oneself as an old man
  • [9] butju pataterina to pretend to be blind
  • [10] ngurunguru pataterina to represent oneself as being strong
  • [11] milkila pataterina to describe oneself as being clever (or wise)
  • [12] tiri pirna pataterina to describe oneself as being very angry
  • [13] kunki pataterina to pass oneself off for an Aboriginal doctor
  • [14] maua pataterina to pretend to be hungry
  • [15] muntja pataterina to pretend to be sick

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Spelling: parda-iyirpa-mali-rna

Spelling: parda-iyirpa-rna
  • [1] ngatata patijirbana to detain one's younger brother
  • [2] wilpa patijirbana still to defer a debt
  • [3] poto patijirbana to store up somebody else's things

Spelling: parda-iyirpa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: None
Mythology: Kirlawilina disturbed the birds by causing them to fly up.

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  • [1] jaurali patijiritjibana for news to cause alarm
  • [2] muka patijiritjibana to rouse a sleeper
  • [3] mirka patijiritjibana to disturb ants
  • [4] nganti patijiritjibana to shake animals up
    Context: This is done through invocatory songs. They are to waken from their winter's sleep, and lay eggs.
  • [5] paja patijiritjibana to scare birds
  • [6] nguramaraliali patijiritjibana to be startled by morning red
  • [7] ngapitja Patijiritjibana for a dream to startle one
  • [8] milki patijiritjibana anxiously to look around (to lift one's eyes); to reconnoitre
  • [9] mauarli patijiritjibana to be spurred on by hunger
  • [10] tertieli patijiritjibana to be spurred on by thirst
  • [11] ditjieli patijiritjibana to be awakened by the sun
  • [12] ngura patijiritjibana to bring a camp into turmoil
  • [13] turu patijiritjibana to fan a fire into flame
  • [14] manu patijiritjibana to fill (somebody's) heart with astonishment
  • [15] tjuru patijiritjibana to stir (somebody's) mind to [the point of] alarm
  • [16] mokujeli patijiritjibana to alarm someone by [pointing] the bone [at him]
  • [17] ketjaketjanali patijiritjibana to become unsettled by pain
  • [18] kutjieli patijiritjibana to be [deeply] alarmed by the devil
  • [19] pingali patijiritjibana to feel [deeply] upset, disturbed over a vendetta
  • [20] mara patijiritjibana to set one's hands in motion
    Context: by some manner of means to set them to work.
  • [21] miriwirieli patiliritjibana to be upset about worms until you are killed
    Context: [e.g. it may be said:] "You shall have no peace until the worms have eaten you".
  • [22] mana patijiritjibana to cause someone else to open his mouth, so that his anger, too, is roused
  • [23] ngapali patijiritjibana to be disturbed by rain, to be aroused by rain
    Context: e.g. grass.
  • [24] kana tulali ngapa patijiritjibana for the water to be disturbed by strangers
    Ethnography: Neither these people, nor a woman in childbed are permitted to fetch water, lest it become brackish.

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  • [1] ngankanaia patijiritjina to get ready for work
  • [2] kana patijiritjina for people to become agitated or stirred up
  • [3] ngapa patijiritjina for the water to get stirred up
  • [4] mirka patijiritjina for ants to become agitated, when someone disturbs them
  • [5] mana patijiritjina to move the mouth quickly whilst eating
  • [6] manu patijiritjina for one's spirit to become agitated
  • [7] muka patijiritjina for a sleeper to stir, become restless
  • [8] nganti patijiritjina for animals to move about restlessly
  • [9] pita patijiritjina for a tree to move [to and fro]
  • [10] mara patijiritjina to move one's hands
    Idiom: to be busy.
  • [11] patijiritjina wapana to run hither and thither in confusion
  • [12] muntja patijiritjina for a patient to become restless
  • [13] padi patijiritjina for caterpillars to liven up
    Context: to crawl around hither and thither.
  • [14] pindri patijiritjina for grasshoppers to come alive
    Context: when they whirl around this way and that.
  • [15] paia patijiritjina for birds to become excited
    Context: flying to and fro.
  • [16] paru patijiritjina for fish to become restless
    Context: agitated, swimming back and forth.
  • [17] tiri patijiritjina to become stirred up, to flare up
    Context: in a bad sense.

Spelling: psrtipsrti
  • [1] kana patipati stupid fellow
  • [2] kupa patipati dull child
    Context: for it still doesn't know anything.
  • [3] jaurani patipati ignorant of [the meaning of] words
  • [4] kindala patipati stupid dog
    Context: in chasing an animal, it runs in the wrong direction.
  • [5] murani patipati unfamiliar with the ceremonies (legends) and songs
    Context: not knowing either of them intimately.
  • [6] ngapani patipati ignorant of [the whereabouts of] water
    Context: not knowing where to find it.
  • [7] billini patipati unskilled at dillybags
    Context: incapable of weaving dillybags.
  • [8] woldrani ko ignorant of hot weather [conditions]
    Context: not realising that one could suffer sunstroke.
  • [9] potuni patipati ignorant in matters of trade (articles)
    Context: not recognising the value of bartered goods, consequently acquiring good things for inferior (bad) ones.
  • [10] kirrani patipati ignorant of boomerangs
    Context: not familiar with them, unable to throw them.
  • [11] patipati wapana to go wrong
    Context: to set out in the wrong directions.
  • [12] turuni patipati foolish about firewood
    Context: not to fetch any firewood for oneself.
  • [13] jamani patipati ignorant of fishing-nets
    Context: unable either to weave or to set one up.
  • [14] patipatieli manina to take something along without having turned it over in one's mind
  • [15] patipatieli jaura wapalkana to carry out something contrary to instructions
  • [16] patipatieli dijana carelessly to aim at someone who has done nothing [wrong]
  • [17] patipatieli jatajatana ignorantly to gossip

Spelling: partiparti-ipa-rna
  • [1] kana patipatibana to restrain (or) head men off
    Context: when they are fighting.
  • [2] kindala patipatibana to restrain dogs
    Context: when they are biting each other.
  • [3] ngaperi patipatibana to care for one's father
  • [4] kupa patipatibana to care for a child
  • [5] ngamuru patipatibana to provide for orphans
  • [6] mangawaru patipatibana to provide for a widow
  • [7] muntja patipatibana to care for a patient
  • [8] kamaneli patipatibana to look after a friend

Spelling: partiparti-ipa-tharri-rna
  • [1] jaurali patipatibaterina to avail oneself of words
    Context: in [many] words to maintain one's innocence.
  • [2] malkali patipatibaterina to provide oneself with markings
    Context: [on the body].
  • [3] potujeli patipatibaterina to provide oneself with goods and chattels
  • [4] ngara patipatibaterina to satisfy one's own heart
  • [5] widlali patipatibaterina to provide oneself with a wife
  • [6] talarani patipatibaterina to protect oneself from rain
  • [7] parujeli patipatibaterina to provide oneself with fish
  • [8] ngantieli patlpatibaterina to provide oneself with meat
  • [9] tidna patipatibaterina to take care of one's feet
  • [10] wima potujeli patipatibaterina to provide oneself with [necessary] things for a ceremony
  • [11] pauajeli patipatibaterina to provide oneself with [edible] seed

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Spelling: partiparti-Ri-rna
  • [1] potuni patipatirina to become confused in respect to one's possessions (things)
    Context: not to distribute them correctly.
  • [2] murani patipatirina to be no longer quite at home in one's [traditional] ceremony and song
    Context: to mix up one ceremony with another; in the course of the ceremonial singing to go over into another [song].
  • [3] patipatirina tula tajina in foolhardiness to eat something with which one is not familiar
  • [4] paltuni patipatirina to become confused on the way
    Context: [wondering] whether it is the right way.

Spelling: partiparti-Ri-rna tharri-rna
Context: e.g. to give the arrived [guests] no food, and consequently to receive nothing from them in return.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Context: means black.

Spelling: pawa
Grammar: feminine gender.
Addition: Howitt and Siebert (1902: 411): "Paua is food made from the seed of various plants. It is collected, cleaned, and stored away in pits, which are closed by a cover made of rushes and smeared on each side with clay to hold them together. The paua when taken out of the pits is placed in bags (wonduru) and either carried by the people or hung up in trees.".
Context: varieties of seed are given in the following.
  • [1] patara type of seed
  • [8] kingiwa type of seed
  • [2] kanangara type of seed
  • [9] ngarlu type of seed
  • [3] wadlanguru type of seed
  • [10] kidningantu type of seed
  • [4] ngurawonpa type of seed
  • [11] markarara type of seed
  • [5] kalki type of seed
  • [12] murlutaji type of seed
  • [6] kudnanjarda type of seed
  • [13] tara type of seed
  • [7] kawalka type of seed
  • [14] kuluwa type of seed
  • [15] milkitjelpara type of seed
  • [19] pulburu type of seed
  • [16] narimalbiri type of seed
  • [20] wokaratandrapirna type of seed
  • [17] junganta type of seed
  • [21] tirra type of seed
  • [18] ngarumba type of seed

Spelling: pawa-yitya

Spelling: pawa-lha-rlu
Mythology: Narimalpiri and Wadlangurunu named all the seed varieties.

Spelling: pawa-ri-ipa-rna
Context: by means of invocatory songs.

Spelling: pawa-ri-rna

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Context: to run to and fro, alluding therefore to the one that runs to and fro.
Etymology: composed of pau sound of footsteps, manka hither and thither, to and fro, -ri intransitive verb marker, and -na he. This is something that can be heard from the patter of his feet. Even without immediately seeing him, one could hear him running to and fro.

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: pirda-rna
Mythology: Katikatina did this.
  • [1] paua pidana to pound seed
    Context: [for food]. Seeds such as: ngardu, wirra, kuntjiri, kalju, etc.
  • [2] ngalji pidana to crush up resin
  • [3] karku pidana to pound ochre, to crush up ochre, to pulverize ochre

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  • [1] kana pidarina for a person to be in a hurry
  • [2] noaia pidarina to hurry to one's wife or husband
  • [3] ngapaia pidarina to hurry to water
  • [4] pidarina tajina to hurry in the course of eating; to eat in a hurry
  • [5] talarani pidarina to hurry on account of rain
  • [6] woldrajapa pidarina to hurry for fear of heat
  • [7] najina pidarina to follow with sharp eyes

Spelling: pilpiRi
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] pilbiri pirra shoulder-blade
    Context: literally "shoulder-bone".
  • [2] pilbiri patana for one's shoulder to ache

Spelling: pildra
Context: lives in hollow trees, is readily eaten, and from whose fur pubic coverings are made.

Spelling: pildripildri
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] talara pildripildri thunder-storm
  • [2] pita pildripildri wood thunder
    Context: clash of weapons during a fight.
  • [3] mitalali pildripildri earth-thunder
    Context: low, dull roar or rumble.
    Ethnography: People often claim to hear a dull roar in the distance. Thereby, it is believed, a piece of the earth's crust is sliding into the abyss. One imagines an un-fathomable abyss surrounding the earth, into which sections of this terrestrial sphere roll [down]. [It is also thought that] the devil rides forth on the dark storm-clouds. Every time there is [a flash of] lightning, he strikes down to kill [another] human being; these are known as kutjila people belonging to the devil. Reuther: "Teufelaner". During a thunder-storm, [therefore], people set up wurleys on the other side of a sandhill, so that they cannot be seen by the devil as he rides along on the dark clouds. Should someone be on a walkabout [during a thunderstorm], he places a bush above his head and rubs himself [all over] with earth, so that the devil thinks it is only a bush on the ground. Weapons are buried in the ground, because lightning has often [been known to] strike (graze) polished spears. It is believed that, since spears are instruments of blood-[shed], the devil tries to destroy them. Efforts are made to dispel a severe thunderstorm by singing a mura song and beating time with boomerangs. The witchdoctor keeps his eye on the storm. If he detects that the devil Reuther (literally): "Geist" (spirit). is present, he tells the people to conduct themselves calmly and quietly inside their wurleys; and especially widows, mourners, and those who have just returned from a vendetta (killing) not to venture forth outside their wurleys, lest the devil see them and strike them down.

Spelling: pilki
Grammar: adjective and adverb.
  • [1] mita pilki different country
  • [2] kana pilki other people
  • [3] tali pilki another language, dialect; different mode of expression
  • [4] jaura pilki other words
  • [5] palku pilki another body
    Context: i.e. one who always wants something different.
  • [6] manu pilki different disposition
  • [7] kalu pilki another liver
    Idiom: one who is friendly to everybody.
  • [8] mara pilki another hand
    Idiom: one who is able to make weapons, etc. more skilfully.
  • [9] tjuru pilki other ideas
    Idiom: [the ability] to think differently.
  • [10] ngaru pilki another voice
  • [11] mana pilki different speech; to speak differently
  • [12] milki pilki different eyes
    Context: e.g. when looks change.
  • [13] mudla pilki different face
    Context: i.e. when their expression changes and one can see that a person has different intentions.
  • [14] palto pilki different track
  • [15] nguna pilki different arm
    Context: i.e. when a man instantly strikes at random to kill.
  • [16] ngura pilki different camp
  • [17] nguja pilki different species, different type
    Context: of animals, people, things.
  • [18] watara pilki different wind
    Context: e.g. an extraordinary wind.
  • [19] malka pilki peculiar, extraordinary sign
    Context: e.g. in the sky.
  • [20] ditji pilki different sun
    Context: i.e. when it has a peculiar appearance.
  • [21] tidna pilki peculiar feet or footprints
    Context: e.g. of animals with which one is not quite familiar.
  • [22] pantja pilki legs that differ from the ordinary
  • [23] poto pilki other goods and chattels
  • [24] ngurdu pilki different hair
  • [25] nindri pilki [sprouting] plant which is not known by name
  • [26] kanta pilki special plant (grass)
  • [27] paja pilki special bird
  • [28] danka pilki water that has acquired a peculiar colour
  • [29] pariwilpa pilki different sky
    Context: i.e. [a sky with] an extraordinary appearance.
  • [30] muntja pilki different illness
  • [31] mura pilki different ceremonial song [or sacred ceremony]
  • [32] mardu pilki different totem
  • [33] tala pilki different name
  • [34] pilki wapana to go elsewhere
    Grammar: adverb use.
  • [35] pilki tikana to return by another route
  • [36] pilki ngamana to sit down alone
  • [37] pilki ngundrana to think differently
  • [38] pilki waltana to carry elsewhere
  • [39] pilki jajana to speak differently

Spelling: pilki-yitya

Spelling: pilki-lha

Spelling: pilki-lha-rlu

Spelling: pilki-ldra
Context: indicating [in which] direction.

Spelling: pilkipilki

Spelling: pilkipilki-rlu
Mythology: Ngurakalana thought now one way, now another.

Spelling: pilki-ri-ipa-rna
Ethnography: This applies to everything that is involved in a trade of exchange.

Spelling: pilki-ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: pilki-ri-rna
  • [1] kana pilkirina [for a man] to stand aside; to withdraw, transfer elsewhere
  • [2] jaura pilkirina for words to undergo a change
  • [3] baka pilkirina for an appearance to change
  • [4] nguja pilkirina to acquire a different nature
  • [5] milki pilkirina for eyes to take on a different appearance
    Context: e.g. in the case of a sick man.
  • [6] mana pilkirina for one's mouth to change
    Context: i.e. to come to a different decision.
  • [7] ngaru pilkirina for one's voice to undergo a change
    Context: e.g. from that of a boy to that of a man.
  • [8] mudla pilkirina to change, disguise one's face; to put on a different expression

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: None
Etymology: compounded of pilpa cheek, and -na he, denotes 'one that has white cheeks'.

Context: pilpi is the spot between the forehead and the eyebrows. i.e. the temple.
wata muka ngamamai, pilpi dankarau!
don't go to sleep, (but) stay awake

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Ethnography: If many of these congregate, it is believed that the migratory rat will put in an appearance, because they devour the latter.

Spelling: piltya-rna
  • [1] mana piltjana to open another person's mouth
  • [2] milki piltjana to open another person's eyes
  • [3] mara piltjana to open another person's hand
  • [4] tidna piltjana to stretch out someone else's feet
  • [5] piti piltjana to extend one's posterior
    Context: to display it contemptuously to someone.

Spelling: piltyarru
  • [1] kana piltjaru people [living] dispersed
  • [2] poto piltjaru goods scattered about
  • [3] punga piltjaru wurleys standing detached
  • [4] kupa piltjaru dispersed children
  • [5] widla piltjaru dispersed women
  • [6] ngapa piltjaru water everywhere
  • [7] turu piltjaru firewood everywhere
  • [8] paja piltjaru scattered birds
  • [9] nganti piltjaru dispersed animals
  • [10] marda piltjaru millstones scattered about, here and there in the wurleys
  • [11] pita piltjaru scattered weapons
  • [12] buka piltjaru provisions scattered about
  • [13] jaura piltjaru dissipated words
  • [14] muntja piltjaru sick people here and there
  • [15] nari piltjaru dead people here and there
  • [16] manu piltjaru various opinions
  • [17] talarapalku piltjaru scattered rainclouds
  • [18] tidna piltjaru diffused footprints
  • [19] dako piltjaru irregular sandhills
  • [20] mana piltjaru diffused mouth
    Idiom: person who broadcasts a thing here, there and everywhere.
  • [21] mara piltjaru scattering hand
    Idiom: man who gives everything away, something here and something there.
  • [22] palku piltjaru big people and little people
  • [23] mita piltjaru varied country:
  • [24] mura piltjaru various sacred ceremonies
  • [25] mardu piltjaru various totems
  • [26] tapa piltjaru diverse wounds
    Context: everybody having received some.
  • [27] piltjaru wapana to proceed in scattered [formation]
    Grammar: adverb use.

Spelling: piltyaru-yitya
Mythology: Here and there (piltjaru) in the sky Darana saw rainclouds coming up.

Spelling: piltyaru-lha-rlu

Spelling: piltyaru-Ri-ipa-rna
  • [1] kana jaurali piltjaruribana through one's words to cause people to disperse
    Context: so that they become scattered.
  • [2] nganti piltjaruribana to chase animals apart, to drive the animals apart
  • [3] poto piltjaruribana to divide up goods
    Context: to hand them around this way and that.
  • [4] mankara piltjaruribana to allocate young girls
    Context: to marry them off this way and that.
  • [5] widla piltjaruribana to divide up women
    Context: to send them out this way and that.

Spelling: piltyaru-Ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna
Context: to give it away here, there and everywhere.

Spelling: piltyaru-Ri-rna
  • [1] kana piltjarurina for people to disperse, for people to become scattered
  • [2] jaura piltjarurina for words to spread, for information to spread, for news to spread
  • [3] narikuma piltjarurina for news of a death to spread
  • [4] poto piltjarurina for goods to become scattered about
  • [5] tinti piltjarurina for chips to fly (scatter) in all directions
    Context: whilst chopping [wood].
  • [6] nganti piltjarurina for animals to disperse
    Context: away from the waterholes, after rain.
  • [7] paja piltjarurina for birds to scatter
    Context: when one has aimed into the middle of a flock.

Spelling: pindri
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: pinya
Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: pinya-yitya

Spelling: pinya-lha
Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: pinya-ri-rna
Ethnography: with men gradually assembling for this purpose.

Spelling: pinpa-lha-rlu
Mythology: Mandramankana did not kill all the people, but allowed some to live.

Spelling: pinpa-rna
  • [1] buka pinpana to leave some bread over
  • [2] ngapa pinpana to leave some water behind
  • [3] turu pinpana to leave some firewood [remain]
  • [4] mita pinpana to strew sand inside a wurley
  • [5] paua pinpana to leave some seed over
  • [6] nganti pinpana to leave some meat over
  • [7] poto pinpana to leave some things behind; not to give everything away; to keep something back

Spelling: pinpa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: pinpa-rna-yitya

Spelling: pinpa-tharri-rna

Spelling: pinpa-iyirpa-rna

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  • [1] paru pinpitarana for fish to snap [their jaws] above the surface of the water
  • [2] tula pinpitarana for a stone chisel to come loose [fromtsiy handle]; to fly off
  • [3] ngapa pinpitarana for water to leap [up and] over
    Context: for waves to tumble over [each other].
  • [4] kirra pinpitarana for a boomerang to recoil or rebound
    Context: from off a shield or tree.
  • [5] jaura pinpitarana for words to rebound
    Context: when persuasion or dissuasion is of no use.
  • [6] watara pinpitarana for wind to be deflected
  • [7] turu pinpitarana for small sparks to jump out of the fire
    Context: this is an indication that someone is about to arrive.
  • [8] marda pinpitarana for stone[s] to crack from the heat
  • [9] pita pinpitarana for a tree to shatter to fragments
    Context: when lightning strikes it.
  • [10] paua pinpitarana for seed to be running over
    Context: out of a [wooden] dish.
  • [11] poto pinpitarana to have some things left over
  • [12] kana pinpitarana for [some] people to remain
  • [13] pumpu pinpitarana for flower-buds to burst open
  • [14] ngulji pinpitarana for [tree] gum to trickle down
  • [15] wirlapiri pinpitarana for [flower-]buds to burst open
  • [16] mita pinpitarana for earth to break off
  • [17] woda pinpitarana for a [ceremonial] head-dress to fall off
  • [18] pada pinpitarana for damp earth, with which the wurley is covered over, to come loose [and fall off]
  • [19] pakina pinpitarana to burst open
    Grammar: adverb use.
  • [20] nari pinpitarana for a dead man to stir
  • [21] ngara pinpitarana for one's heart to open up
  • [22] talara pinpitarana for a raincloud to open up
    Context: for it to start raining.

Spelling: None
Mythology: Whilst Dimpiwalakana was digging out a soakage, the water welled [or rose] up above the [ground's] surface. It pinpitarana.

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  • [1] tula pinpitaribana to loosen or knock off the stone-chisel
  • [2] mita pinpitaribana nandrana to stamp around on the ground
    Context: so that the dust whirls and rises.
    Grammar: adverb use.
  • [3] ngapa pinpitaribana to stir up water
    Context: to spill water whilst going along.
  • [4] paua pinpitaribana to pound seed
    Context: so that it flies out of the pods.

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Spelling: pintha
Grammar: masculine gender.
Ethnography: After circumcision the [foreskin] is dried, mixed with dry leaves and small lily-bulbs, then pounded, and used for the petitioning of rain.
  • [1] mankara pinta girl agreement
    Ethnography: When two brothers exchange their [respective] sisters in marriage to each other.
  • [2] kidnipinta foreskin, prepuce
  • [3] naripinta death bond
    Ethnography: If a man has died as the result of sorcery, but it is not known who bewitched him, a distant group of blood- avengers is hired and arrangements made for them to kill someone in the camp of the deceased. These two dead men now enter into a common bond. [Thus] the sorcery is atoned for.
  • [4] naripinta dead man's bond
    Context: marriage over a dead man.
    Ethnography: When two [eligible] young people bury someone, plans have already been made that, whilst the two young folk are bedding the body down in the grave, they are proclaimed husband and wife.
  • [5] pintawilpa bond debt
    Ethnography: When conciliation has not yet been effected over a man who was bewitched.
  • [6] pinta manduribana to join the bond together
    Ethnography: When a man has been killed on either side, the two hostile parties meet, and after binding two small sticks (representing the two dead men) together with hair-string, they burn these. The two dead men are now jointly atoned for, and peace [once more] prevails.
  • [7] pita pinta wood bond
    Ethnography: Wood chips from the manufacture and preparation of wooden weapons.
  • [8] kujapinta string with red feathers tied around it
  • [9] manapinta bird [unspecified]
  • [10] mandra pinta stomach flesh [immediately] under the skin
  • [11] pinta wilpa ngamalkana marriage debt
    Ethnography: e.g., when a man has not yet offered his own sister in marriage [to his brother-in-law] in exchange for his [own] wife.
  • [12] jinka pinta knot on a string
  • [13] wirrapinta seed-pods of a 'wirra' bush
  • [14] pantopinta salt on salt-lakes
  • [15] tulapinta stone fragments [or shards] during the manufacture and shaping of a chisel
  • [16] malkapinta venomous snake [unspecified]
  • [17] talara manapinta first fringe [or appearance] of an ascending raincloud
  • [18] jidipinta downy feathers of an eagle; fast-moving washed-out rainclouds
  • [19] pinta manju regular, proper marriage
    Context: e.g. when two men have properly exchanged their [respective] sisters in marriage.
  • [20] pinta tjika irregular marriage
    Context: i.e. a marriage that has not been consummated in accordance with the laws of the [tribal] elders.
  • [21] pinta ngurungurv insoluble marriage

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Etymology: from pinta union between two, bulu unable, and -nu she, signifies 'one [i.e. a bitch] that was connected to a [male] dog (during the mating season)'.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: pinthara
Grammar: masculine gender.
Etymology: derived from pinta alliance; agreement; union and -ra from Mura, means 'sacred bond'.
Ethnography: By pintara is meant everything that a person holds most precious and dear. My pintara is:.
  • [1]
  • [2]
  • [3]
  • [4]
  • [5]
  • [6] pintara ngakani my most precious [possession]
    Ethnography: This refers to the particular muramura (demi-god) whom I regard as (call) my own. Everything that he has done or that has any reference to him is my pintara. Each and every snake that he requested, the rain [or] any animal that he as the first [living inhabitant] (progenitor) Reuther: "als Ersterer (der Vorvater)". discovered for food is my pintara, on the condition that I respect him as my [primeval] ancestor, Reuther: "Urvater". as well as his sacred ceremonies and songs, etc. Since a man from the Materi moiety may marry only into the Kararu moiety, and vice versa, a man calls the moiety from which he has acquired his wife his pintara, e.g. as a Kararu [man] I have acquired my wife from the 'fish' totemic [group], Reuther: "Geschlecht". belonging to the Materi [moiety]; therefore the fish are my pintara. For this reason I would never help to kill a man who belongs to the fish totem, for by so doing I would violate my wife's feelings to such an extent, as if I had killed her. A Kararu [man] always kills only a Kararu, just as a Materi kills only a Materi [man].
  • [7] pintarani ngamana to occupy a 'pintara' relationship
  • [8] pintarani wirarina to travel back and forth in one's father's country
  • [9] pintaraia pirini at the place where one's father lived
  • [10] pintarani paua ngankana to gather seed where one's father also did
  • [11] pintara
    Ethnography: It must not be overlooked (forgotten) that pintara [involves] the relationship of a child to its father, just as marduka describes the relationship of children towards their mother. Moreover, it is even common to address one's own muramura as pintara.
  • [12] pintara kulkana to guard, protect anything that originates from a most intimate relationship
    Ethnography: e.g. sacred trees and ceremonial decorations. The Mura is regarded by all in general as pintara.

Spelling: pinthara-lha
Ethnography: any individual thing towards which I enjoy a pintara relationship.

Spelling: pinthi
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] pinti ngarana to hear a rumour
  • [2] pinti marurina to spread a rumour, to broadcast a rumour
  • [3] kana pinti news of people
  • [4] naripinti news of a death
  • [5] ngarimata pinti news of a flood
  • [6] majaru pinti news about rats
  • [7] kanta pinti news about [edible] plants (grass)
  • [8] muntja pinti news about sickness
  • [9] pinti ngarana to hear news
    Context: Cf. [1].
  • [10] pinti kaukaubana to relate news, to bring news
  • [11] poto pinti information about goods
    Context: namely, that they are on the way.
  • [12] pinga pinti news about a vendetta group
  • [13] kana pinti news concerning people
    Context: namely, that they are on the way.
  • [14] wima pinti news of a sacred ceremony

Spelling: pinthi-ri-rna
Mythology: Pitikibana heard a rumour [to the effect] that the Salt Creek men were coming to kill him.

Spelling: pintyipintyirndara
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Mythology: Ngurakalana, the muramura, had lots of lice, and [it was he who gave them this name.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: piRa
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] pira wara moon that is visible for the first time following new moon
  • [2] pira kiparanto not quite half-moon
    Context: This attracts a cool wind.
  • [3] pira jurra half or first-quarter moon
    Context: With it the wind dies down.
  • [4] pira pulkani wuldru moon that is somewhat more than half illuminated
  • [5] pira pulkani pirna [a moon] illuminated still a little more
  • [6] pira tinkari fully illuminated moon; full moon
  • [7] pira jurra kudina moon in its last quarter
    Context: Half the moon has already disappeared.
  • [8] pira buru new moon
    Context: [Actually], there is no more moon. cf. koda. Refer to No. 223-33 and No. 2626-61.

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Spelling: None
Grammar: The form of this verb is an exception from the usual, for the transitive form should read: pirabana.
  • [1] billi pirakana to examine a dilly-bag
  • [2] mita pirakana to examine an area (country)
    Context: when one has lost something in the sand.
  • [3] jaua pirakana to pick out, cull out bulbs
  • [4] kanta pirakana to bend aside grass or bushes
    Context: so that one can walk through.
  • [5] jama pirakana to spread out a net; to lay it in water
  • [6] ngapatjili pirakana to clean out a soakage well
  • [7] ngura pirakana to search through a camp
  • [8] mana pirakana to spread out one's mouth
    Idiom: to say something straight out
  • [9] marda pirakana to dig up a millstone
  • [10] ngapa pirakana to clear (clean) water (of debris)
  • [11] punga pirakana to search a wurley
  • [12] kana mudla pirakana to pick out an individual person
    Context: from a considerable number.
  • [13] turukanja pirakana to clear away (or) spread apart the coals of fire
  • [14] minka pirakana to clean out a hole or burrow
  • [15] tapa pirakana to examine a wound
  • [16] piti pirakana to search for someone's backside
    Idiom: to attempt to kill the right man.
  • [17] ngulku pirakana to investigate a complaint

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Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.

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  • [1] pariwilpa palkujeli pirana for the sky to be covered with clouds
  • [2] mita pirana for the earth to be covered (in grass)
  • [3] puturali pirana to be covered in dust
  • [4] miljarali pirana to be covered in darkness
  • [5] ngapali pirana to be covered in water
  • [6] pajali ngapa pirana for water to be covered with birds
  • [7] ngantieli mita pirana for land to be covered with animals
    Context: for many animals to exist.
  • [8] mauarli kana pirana for hunger to cover the people
    Context: for all the people to have nothing to eat.
  • [9] ngurali kana pirana for people to cover a camp
    Context: for lots of people to be there.
  • [10] kirrali pirana to be covered with boomerangs
    Context: for boomerangs to be flying right and left in the course of a fight.
  • [11] tatarali pirana covered in fog
  • [12] dilkali mita pirana for ground to be covered in prickles
  • [13] mardali mita pirana for ground to be covered in stones
  • [14] tjuru pirana for the one's to be befogged, obscured
    Context: so that one doesn't know any more what to think; [also] during sleep.
  • [15] padi pirana covered in grubs or caterpillars
  • [16] ditji wakali pariwilpa pirana for heaven to be covered in stars
  • [17] kundrujeli pirana to be covered with a sniffing cold in the head
    Context: for everybody to have a sniffing cold.
  • [18] majarali pirana to be covered in rats
    Context: everything full of rats; [rats everywhere].

Spelling: piRi
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] mita piri spot of ground
    Context: spot on a particular area of ground.
  • [2] pita piri interval or empty space between trees
  • [3] pariwilpa piri clear space between two clouds
  • [4] kunmi piri lighter space between two clouds of lifting fog
  • [5] tjuru piri area of understanding
    Context: an understanding for something which is at variance with one's own ideas
  • [6] mana piri aperture of mouth
    Context: the space between upper and lower lip.
  • [7] mudla piri nostrils
  • [8] punga piri wurley space
  • [9] piriterkana to take a solitary stand on behalf of a certain cause
  • [10] piri ngankana to open
    Context: e.g. a door.

Spelling: None
Etymology: one with a white spot on the forehead.
Mythology: The sandhill, on which the present-day Mission station is situated, has this name given to it, for it is here that the male [member] of Darana 's two dogs is supposed to be buried. The sandhill came into being because of the dog.

Spelling: piRi-ma-ri-ipa-rna
  • [1] kana pirimaribana to push people aside, so that there is more room
  • [2] jaurali pirimaribana by [force of] words to lead people to a two-fold opinion
  • [3] kikera pirimaribana to scrape aside the mould on top of the [edible] seed in the pit
  • [4] nganti pirimaribana to push meat aside, away from the coals
  • [5] pitjiri pirimaribana to get rid of (finish off) the chewing-tobacco by sending it back and forth into the camps
  • [6] mankara pirimaribana to push a girl aside
    Context: not to give her to the right man.
  • [7] mangawaru pirimaribana to marry widows back and forth

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  • [1] kana pirinerkana to take central position among people
    Context: to separate people into two groups and take up a central position between them.
  • [2] kanta pirinerkana to take up one's position in the centre of a grass [patch]
  • [3] pirinerkana ngarina to go down into the middle
    Context: of water.
  • [4] paja pirinerkana to aim at the centre of a flock of birds

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  • [1] noa piripinina for a husband or wife to vacate their position
    Context: by dying.
  • [2] mita piripinina to vacate a spot
    Context: so that another person can also sit down.
  • [3] ngaperali piripinina for a father to vacate his position
    Context: in favour of his son, so that when he dies his son may take his place.
  • [4] poto piripinina to get rid of [certain] things and replace them by others

Spelling: piRi-Ri-rna
  • [1] pariwilpa piririna for the sky to clear
  • [2] ngara piririna for one's heart to open up
    Context: e.g. to weep, to speak, and thus display one's feelings.
  • [3] mana piririna for one's mouth to open
  • [4] narikutu piririna for a grave to open up
    Context: for a grave-mound to sink. This is a bad omen.
  • [5] kana piririna for people to divide into two groups
  • [6] milki piririna to open one's eyes
  • [7] talpa piririna to open one's ears
  • [8] manu piririna for temperament to open up
    Idiom: to grasp [or understand] an idea.
  • [9] mita piririna for country to become deserted
    Context: e.g. when grass dries off, the local inhabitants become fewer and fewer.

Spelling: pirri tharka-lha-rlu

Spelling: pirri tharka-rna
Context: literally, 'to place oneself on tiptoe'.
  • [1] tirieli piriterkana angrily to stand on one's tiptoes
    Idiom: to speak of oneself in glowing terms.
  • [2] parali piriterkana to stand on tiptoe because of one's hair
    Idiom: to boast of one's hair.
  • [3] potujeli piriterkana to be self-opinionated in view of one's possessions
  • [4] malkali piriterkana to stand on one's toes on account of beautiful markings
    Idiom: to boast of one's beautiful decorative symbols.
  • [5] noamankara piriterkana to take pride in one's daughter as a wife
  • [6] kupali piriterkana to take pride in one's children
  • [7] ngilbieli piriterkana to boast of one's [powers of] sorcery
  • [8] mitali piriterkana to boast of one's beautiful tribal country
  • [9] piriterkana wapana to go, like a coward, on tip-toe; to by-pass in close proximity
    Context: in order not to see or hear (something).

Spelling: pirri tharka-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: pirri tharka-rna-yitya

Spelling: pirki-lha-rlu

Spelling: pirki-lka-rna

Spelling: pirki-rna
  • [1] kana pirkina for a person to play around
  • [2] wima pirkina to enact a song
    Context: to perform movements during a ceremonial song. To stamp with the feet is called kilina.
  • [3] kangi pirkina to play with a dog's tail tied across one's nose
    Context: [kangi a practical jester] cf. No. 520, No. 583.
  • [4] katani pirkina to play at lice
  • [5] tjaputjapu pirkina to play ball
  • [6] mankara pirkina for girls to play
  • [7] kulkumana pirkina to play at jumping
  • [8] kami mara pirkina to play grandmothers
  • [9] ngapani pirkina to play in water
  • [10] kukuru pirkina to play 'kukuru'
  • [11] kandri pirkina to play at fighting-sticks
  • [12] kulauara pirkina to play boomerangs
  • [13] wirra pirkina women's game
  • [14] nganti pirkina to play as animals
    Context: e.g. like a dog with its young ones.
  • [15] jildini pirkina to play not always [able] to hear; [to play the clown, to play a tomfool]
  • [16] kulkuru pirkina to play hide-and-seek
  • [17] jikaura pirkina to scare children with fire-brands
  • [18] pildra nurali pirkina to play with an opossum tail
  • [19] pundra pirkina to play at racing or chasing stones
  • [20] jinka pirkina to play string games
    Context: Girls do this.
  • [21] kipakipana pirkina to play prodding around inside with a stick
    Context: Girls do this.
  • [22] dikiljera pirkina to play slipping and sliding on [wet] clay
  • [23] ngarakalina pirkina to play warming oneself
  • [24] kutjani pirkina to play with feathers; to play for feathers
  • [25] talpa worana pirkina to play at flying leaves
    Context: at letting them ascend in the smoke [of the campfire].
  • [26] jirijiri pirkina to play at being silly, delirious
  • [27] pitjieli pirkina to play with tree-bark
  • [28] wilti dijana pirkina to play at stalking [or killing] emus
  • [29] kutjikutjini pirkina to play at chasing 'kutjikutji' birds
  • [30] pirkina kurana to start playing
    Grammar: adverb use.

Spelling: pirki-rna-yitya

Spelling: pirna
Grammar: adjective and adverb.
  • [1] kana pirna big man; respected man
  • [2] ngapa pirna large water[hole]; lot of water
  • [3] mita pirna lot of earth; long distance
  • [4] widla pirna respected woman
    Context: Also an honorary title for old women.
  • [5] marda pirna large stone; big, high hill
  • [6] dako pirna big sandhill
  • [7] wipa pirna wide, spacious valley
  • [8] panto pirna big lake
  • [9] billi pirna large dilly-bag
  • [10] pirra pirna large coolamon
  • [11] wona pirna large digging-stick
  • [12] jinka pirna large bundle of string; long [piece of] string
  • [13] kirra pirna large boomerang
  • [14] jaura pirna weighty, important words
  • [15] pita pirna stout tree
  • [16] mara pirna diligent hand
  • [17] tidna pirna huge foot; long stride
  • [18] nuru pirna very fast
  • [19] kaldra pirna loud voice
  • [20] kinka pirna loud laughter
  • [21] mudla pirna big nose
  • [22] milki pirna big eyes
  • [23] punga pirna large wurley
  • [24] para pirna long hair
  • [25] palku pirna big stomach
  • [26] maua pirna dire hunger; famine
  • [27] terti pirna very thirsty
  • [28] muntja pirna very ill; seriously ill
  • [29] tepi pirna very well; in very good health
  • [30] wapani pirna great, fast runner
  • [31] ngura pirna large camp
  • [32] palto pirna well-worn footpath
  • [33] nganka pirna long beard
  • [34] nguna pirna fat arm
  • [35] turu pirna huge fire
  • [36] watara pirna big, strong wind
  • [37] pilpa pirna high forehead
  • [38] woldra pirna intensive heat
  • [39] ditji pirna huge light
    Context: i.e. the sun.
  • [40] kanta pirna lot of [edible] plants (grass)
  • [41] kaldri pirna very annoyed; very angry
  • [42] jaua pirna lot of 'jaua'
  • [43] paua pirna lot of seed
  • [44] paru pirna large fish
  • [45] jerto pirna very satisfied
  • [46] buka pirna lots of food
  • [47] nganti pirna lot of meat
  • [48] kapi pirna many eggs
  • [49] wiljiri pirna strong, fat thighs
  • [50] minka pirna big hole
  • [51] dilka pirna big prickles, thorns
  • [52] buljuru pirna large bog, marsh
  • [53] ngama pirna big breasts
  • [54] kupa pirna big child
  • [55] mana pirna big mouth
    Context: when a person has a lot to say.
  • [56] nguja pirna very lazy
  • [57] muka pirna deep sleep
  • [58] wima pirna outstanding ceremonial song
  • [59] wirka pirna wide cracks in the ground
  • [60] ngurdi pirna lot of debris
    Context: on top of water.
  • [61] mirka pirna many, big ants
  • [62] padi pirna many caterpillars
  • [63] junka pirna very vexed, angry
  • [64] tataru pirna big, dense fog
  • [65] paraitji pirna bright light
    Context: during full moon.
  • [66] puturu pirna huge dust; [dense dust]
  • [67] tjutju pirna long snake
  • [68] talara pirna big rain
  • [69] katu pirna large windbreak
  • [70] kiri pirna very learned, very clever
    Context: i.e. to be well versed in the legends, ceremonial songs, and manners and customs [of the people].
  • [71] ko pirna very ignorant
  • [72] manu pirna generous frame of mind
    Context: i.e. always to be thinking of something.
  • [73] karkani pirna importunate cry; suppliant calling
  • [74] malka pirna large sign, symbol
  • [75] pitaru pirna big, intensive drought
  • [76] pildripildri pirna heavy thunder
  • [77] manju pirna very kind, friendly
  • [78] ngulku pirna serious accusation
  • [79] pinga pirna large troop of blood-avengers
  • [80] mandrakara pirna extremely jealous
  • [81] njurdu pirna very hairy on the body
  • [82] ngajimarla pirna great business man
    Context: i.e. one who can blab (prattle on) a lot.
  • [83] tandra pirna lot of fruit
  • [84] buka pirna festive meal; big meal
  • [85] kokani pirna high praise
  • [86] tapa pirna large wound
  • [87] kima pirna large swelling
  • [88] mindrini pirna long run
  • [89] tapani pirna lot of drinking
  • [90] tiwi pirna many flowers
  • [91] kata pirna many lice
  • [92] ngalpuru pirna very dark
  • [93] kumari pirna lot of blood
  • [94] jindri pirna loud howling (or) wailing

Spelling: pirna-lha
Context: i.e. an important person.

Spelling: pirna-lha-rlu

Spelling: pirna-rlu

Spelling: pirna-Ri-ipa-rna
  • [1] jaura pirnaribana to spread the news (words) further afield
  • [2] kupa pirnaribana to make a child big
    Context: to feed a child, so that it grows up; to rear a child.
  • [3] punga pirnaribana to enlarge a wurley
  • [4] billi pirnaribana to weave a dilly-bag larger
  • [5] padi pirnaribana to make caterpillars bigger
    Context: by means of invocatory songs.
  • [6] nganti pirnaribana to cause animals to get bigger
    Context: by means of invocatory songs.
  • [7]

Spelling: pirna-Ri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: pirna-Ri-rna
Context: This [verb] is applicable to almost every adjective quoted above.

Spelling: pinarru-Ri-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: pinarru
Grammar: masculine gender.
Context: not pinaru
Etymology: derived from pirna big and -ru from nguru strong, means: 'very strong'.
Ethnography: This is an honorary title applied to grey[bearded] men, just as widlapirna is to women. With this word one describes an old man whom one never saw in one's childhood.
  • [1] kana pirnaru venerable old man
  • [2] nganti pirnaru old, full-grown male animal
  • [3] pita pirnaru very old tree
  • [4] mita pirnaru old earth
  • [5]
    Mythology: All muramura of the male sex are called pirnaru.

Spelling: pinarru-Ri-rna

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Etymology: comprised of pirna big and warankana to leave on his/her own; to cast behind; to leave behind and go on ahead, denotes a big dog that runs on ahead of the others.

Spelling: pirra
Grammar: feminine gender.
  • [1] pirra ngampura type of coolamon
  • [2] pirra wokara type of coolamon
  • [3] pirra tjapa type of coolamon
    Context: as also pirra ngurra and pirra wili.
  • [4] pirra ngama shield
  • [5] widla pirra women who interpose or mediate in a fight
    Context: also pirra ngama for women who interpose or mediate in a fight.
  • [6] mandra pirra round, protruding stomach
  • [7] bilbiri pirra shoulder-blade
  • [8] mangatandra pirra anterior part of skull
  • [9] pirramoku type of animal
    Context: one of the mardu 'totems'. In Vol. X, p.2, No. 50 Reuther describes this animal as the '[native] cat'. A.W. Howitt (in "The Native Tribes of South-East Australia", pp.91 and 94) refers to it as the 'rabbit bandicoot', synonymous with the kapita.
  • [10] pirra wijabana to hold up a shield in front of oneself
  • [11] marda pirra hollowed-out stone
  • [12] tidna pirra flat feet
  • [13] kirra pirra flat boomerang
  • [14] kalti pirra spear that is somewhat broadened at the point
  • [15] dokupirrapirra beetle with a shell-back
  • [16] dako pirra sandhill that has a hollow on its crest
  • [17] malka pirra very broad [ceremonial] markings
  • [18] nganka pirra beard trimmed to a round shape
  • [19] mudla pirra broad face
  • [20] mana pirra wide mouth

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Spelling: None
Etymology: [Derived from] pirra coolamon; hollow; bosom and nguru other; another), [the word] means: 'another bosom', that is to say, to have another wife or husband besides one's own wife or husband.
Ethnography: On no account may a pirranguru relationship be established or maintained in secret. It must be known to everybody and be proclaimed in public, so that everybody knows how things stand, when both de facto couples appear together. Generally it is like this, that two married couples stand in a mutual de facto relationship: Reuther: "Wechselehe". both men have [sexual] intercourse with each other's wife, and vice versa; and not seldom [do the couples live together] for some time as [de facto] husband and wife. Since each husband has already for some time cast amorous glances at the wife of the other, both want to enter into a pirranguru relationship with each other's wife. After the affair has once more been discussed in detail, this is announced one night during a favourable opportunity in the hearing of all: both [parties] are now pirranguru, that is to say, one husband [accepts] the other's wife, and vice versa. Both wives call each other ngura wulu (two camps), while both husbands are mutual friends. Just as both men do so, also the two women stick together and love each other. This relationship is tantamount to a marital exchange. They frequently live together for a considerable time, and then part again. Neither of the two men raises an objection, when the other sleeps with his wife. An unmarried man can enjoy a pirranguru [relationship with a woman], if her husband is agreeable. Generally, however, they are given (receive) such women as have been other men's pirranguru, but whom these have now cast off because the girl promised to them (and whom they now take as wife) is almost grown to maturity. No girl may become a pirranguru. The marriage formula Reuther: "die Verbindungsform". in this case reads: pintamatija ngurumanawalkura jajeljajudlani this union is permanent and invulnerable by virtue of your mutual promises If it turns out that two married couples cannot get along with each other, they simply live in a de facto relationship, where the rule then applies: ngura puntibana to divide the camp. If, now, a woman gives birth to a child and it is uncertain as to which of the two is the rightful father, this is determined by the child's [physical] features, e.g. [its] big feet, facial features, nose, whether it is left or right-[handed, etc.]. On the occasion of the marriage of such a child, both men talk with the mother who then decides the issue.
  • [1] pirranguru ngantjana to want (him or her as) a de facto husband or wife
  • [2] pirranguru ngamalkana to have a de facto husband or wife
  • [3] pirranguru mara wapana to walk around with a de facto husband or wife
  • [4] pirrangurru mara mukaturarana to sleep with one's de facto husband or wife

Spelling: None
Mythology: This arrangement was thought up by Kirlawilina and his uncle, or, to put it more accurately, it was the legends of these two which promoted the idea and brought it to the light of day.

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:
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Spelling: pirri
Grammar: masculine gender.
Context: with which decorative designs are engraved on weapons.
  • [1] malka pirri variegated stripes on a dilly-bag
  • [2] malka pirri streaky sky
  • [3] marapirri finger-nail
  • [4] tidnapirri toe-nails
  • [5] pajapirri bird-claws
  • [6] nganti tidnapirri animal claws
  • [7] tidnapirri walto weak toe-nails
    Context: when a person is sick unto death.
  • [8] pirri balu naked designs; beardless
    Mythology: no engraved designs (on the weapons).
  • [9] pirrini wapana to go to meet
  • [10] munampirri chest, thorax
  • [11] pirrini ngara dijana to break the heart at intervals
    Context: to check the intermittent gusts of wind by means of invocatory songs, so that they don't become too strong and carry everything away with them.
  • [12] pirri kaldru very healthy
  • [13] pirri terkana to stand on tiptoes

Spelling: pirta
Grammar: feminine gender.
  • [1] pita nindri green tree
  • [2] pita muja dry tree
  • [3] pita kapara tree-root
  • [4] pita talpa leaf of a tree
  • [5] pita ngunanguna tree branch or bough
  • [6] pita tiwi tree blossom; blossoming tree
  • [7] pita wadiwadi old tree
  • [8] pita woramuja dry on one side of the tree
  • [9] pita pajiri tall tree
  • [10] pita wordu short tree, stumpy (low) tree; short piece of wood
  • [11] pita tjilpi tree fork
  • [12] pita baluru smooth tree-trunk
  • [13] pita turuturu crooked tree, deformed tree
  • [14] pita mirimiri solitary tree standing on a rise
  • [15] pita tjaru tree that offers no shade
  • [16] pita kundikundi crooked tree
  • [17]
  • [18] pita panji small pointed stick
  • [19] pita wonamaru old digging-stick
    Ethnography: with which waters are enchanted.
  • [20] pita tala tree-bark
  • [21] pita balu naked tree
    Context: pared of its bark.
  • [22] pita nguja type of tree, varieties of trees, varieties of bushes
    Addition: I have removed the tree identifications from this footnote and added them to the relevant entries below.
  • [23] patara type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [24] naarumba type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [25] duldara type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [26] karliwaru type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [27] marla type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [28] murlu type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [29] ngurabuda type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [30] dilikawirra type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [31] narimai type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [32] puntuwa type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [33] kuluwa type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [34] kuntjiri type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [35] kalju type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [36] ngura type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [37] dikiri type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [38] wajaka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [39] burku type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [40] marudunka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [41] tjiri type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [42] mananda type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [43] malka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [44] pararka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [45] katatja type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [46] katatja type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [47] manawara type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [48] kujamara type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [49] majamaja type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [50] ngantiwakatu type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [51] mardu type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [52] ngakarla type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [53] winpara type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [54] dirla type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [55] bujuru type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [56] palkalara type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [57] pau type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [58] bulburu type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [59] tarapalja type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [60] dikiri type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
    Xref: No. 2756-37.
  • [61] wirlabi type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [62] narda type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [63] paldru type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [64] tjuldrani type of tree
    Context: has seed pods
    Semclass: Plants
    Addition: No. 2597-30 Reuther spells this "tuldrani", No. 2756-64
  • [65] wijalka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [66] darlipundru type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [67] wangiri type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [68] padlabaru type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [69] kutjawonduru type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [70] wilti type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [71] wajikurli type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [72] kudnakudirka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [73] diltampura type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [74] dilka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [75] punduka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [76] mindri type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [77] dieltjiri type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [78] wonkumana type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [79] miminkila type of tree
    Addition: spelled by Reuther "miminkirla".
    Semclass: Plants
  • [80] dankakaldri type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [81] kudnampirra type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [82] mpiampia type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [83] duparu type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [84] wariwari type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [85] malto type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [86] kura type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [87] kuramurla type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [88] ngurakulkakulka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [89] tidnamaraburuni type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [90] julanti type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [91] ngunnga type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [92] talpapirrapirra type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [93] mutja type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [94] talpatandra type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [95] duntji type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [96] danju type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [97] wajarla type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [98] tajamani type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [99] wau type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [100] pirnalku type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [101] ngaljaru type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [102] pingalkuru type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [103] katjabudubudu type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [104] kirlikirliku type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [105] kuwarka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
    Context: [or kaworka].
  • [106] wakatikati type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [107] malkati type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [108] makuwoda type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [109] minngilbara type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [110] wonamankara type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [111] winparatji type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [112] kadniliriliri type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [113] potopaja type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [114] kanukanunka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [115] duradura type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [116] makumuru type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [117] ngamakatakata type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [118] ngardu type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [119] parlatiparlati type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [120] ngilba type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [121] kanpakanparunga type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [122] markamarkara type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [123] ngilba type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
    Xref: No. 2756-120
  • [124] katiwaru wontiwontini type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [125] jaua wajiwajini type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [126] dieltjiri type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
    Xref: No. 2756-77
  • [127] winngi type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [128] ngunandula type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [129] daltranta type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [130] kingiwa type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [131] kalki type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [132] wadlanguru type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [133] ngurawonpa type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [134] wajarla type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [135] narimalpiri type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [136] karlanka type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [137] turukuru type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
    Context: [or purukuru].
  • [138] wudu type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [139] witata type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [140] kuda type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [141] kindalangampamandrani type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [142] karingarla type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [143] parumilkitandra type of tree
    Semclass: Plants
  • [144] pita wondra large piece of wood
  • [145] pita moku pieces of timber in a wurley frame; framework timbers
  • [146] pita watimoku logs of wood on a grave-mound
  • [147] pita waka small piece of wood
  • [148] pita pirna large tree; large piece of wood
  • [149] pita buda bushy tree
  • [150] tidnapita splinter in the foot
  • [151] pita tupu flower-bud
  • [152] pitali nandrana to strike with wood, to kill (pierce, stab) with spears
  • [153] wonapita walking stick
  • [154] mura pita sacred tree
  • [155] pita tiri sharp spear, pointed spear
  • [156] pitapita stakes
    Context: to which a fishing-net is fastened.
  • [157] pita moku tree root
    Context: [in the shape of] a ring . Reuther: "der Wurzelring beim Fischfangnetz". , used [for making a hand-net] for fishing.
  • [158] mara pita hand weapon
  • [159] pita tinti wood chips
  • [160] pita jampa strange tree, unfamiliar tree
  • [161] pita ngurunguru solid wood
  • [162] pita wokara boomerang around the neck
  • [163] pita pundu wedge (piece) of wood with which to widen a coolamon
  • [164] pita wilpa spear wound

Spelling: pirta-yitya
Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: pirta-lha

Spelling: pirta-lha-rlu

Spelling: pirdarru-lha

Spelling: pirta-Ri-rna
  • [1] kana pitarina for a person to change into wood
    Idiom: for a person no longer to work.
  • [2] ngantini pitarina to change into a stick [while hunting] for animals
    Idiom: to sit stock-still while lying in wait [for animals].
  • [3] mita pitarina for the ground to turn into wood
    Context: [for the land] to become timbered; for trees to grow on it.
  • [4] muramura tidna pitarina for footprints of the [primeval] ancestors to turn into trees
    Context: Wherever these trod in the course of their wanderings, a tree sprang up.
  • [5] muramura ngura pitarina for the camp of the [primeval] ancestors to turn into trees
    Context: Wherever they camped, trees sprang up.
  • [6] muramura nari pitarina for the place, where the [primeval] ancestors died, to turn into a tree
    Context: Here a tree [would] spring up.
  • [7] mandra pitarina for a body to turn into wood
    Idiom: when a man eats only seed and no meat.
  • [8] mana pitarina for one's mouth to turn into wood
    Idiom: when one has only one type of vegetables . Reuther: "Kraut". to eat and no meat
  • [9] mudla pitarina for one's face to turn into wood
    Idiom: [for one's face] to become sullen, surly, glum.
  • [10] kana pitarina for a person to turn into wood
    Idiom: when he has been stabbed with spears.
  • [11] kana pitarina for a man to turn into bone
    Context: one who has never left his tribal territory.

Spelling: pirdarru
Grammar: masculine gender.
Etymology: This word is derived from pidana (to pound) and -ru from ngurunguru strong; always, and means: constantly to pound.
Ethnography: In dry seasons animals are lean, so that there is no [or little] meat to eat. There are no seeds and "grass" types either. Therefore, the following types of seed (which are very hard and require to be pounded) are gathered, viz: ngardu, kalju, kalumba, and malkatandra. Consequently everybody is pounding [seed] at a time like this. Hence the name.
  • [1] mita pitaru drought-stricken (desert) country
    Context: e.g. when there is no rain and everything is dried up.
  • [2] pariwilpa pitaru desolate sky
    Context: e.g. when no rain-clouds come up.
  • [3] mita pitaru area devoid of water and animals
  • [4] pitaraia malka signs of drought
    Context: when the atmosphere is [filled with] dust, and when the rays of the setting sun extend far across the heavens.
  • [5] pitaru karkana to invite drought
    Ethnography: When children crack kalju seeds between their teeth, and long for seed [varieties] associated with periods of drought, this is believed to indicate an [approaching] dry season. Therefore, they are forbidden to do it.
  • [6] pitarali jirijiribana dictated by drought
    Ethnography: When a man eats in feverish haste, it is believed that a period of drought is approaching and that a man must therefore eat up beforehand, as it were.
  • [7] palto pitaru deserted track
    Context: i.e. when people no longer walk along a previously used track.
  • [8] ngura pitaru deserted camp
    Context: which was previously inhabited by people, but now no longer.
  • [9] pita pitaru parched trees
    Context: e.g. when these shed their leaves due to the dry conditions.
  • [10] pitaru kana desert people
    Context: i.e. people who come in from a drought-stricken area and settle down as guests.
  • [11] pitarala kana nari for desert-dwellers to be emaciated, starving, [as] dying, dead.
  • [12] pitarali palina to die on account of [prevailing] dry conditions
  • [13]
    Ethnography: Drought and rainless seasons often gave cause for tribes to be thrust together, and for those who were [formerly] hostile to each other to become more friendly. There is a saying: 'a dry spell descends and settles on the ground'. Lake Hope and the Salt Creek offered the chief places of refuge in dry seasons. Since the people subsisted merely on ngardu seed, they mostly became very emaciated. The sacred festivals, too, were suspended at such times.
  • [14] palku pitaru emaciated body
  • [15] pitaru terkana for a dry season to persist ("stand")
    Context: and not recede.
    Ethnography: A native man by the name of Titatitana once killed his [little] daughter during a dry spell, because she was continually crying for something to eat, and he had nothing to give her. He led her out into the sandhills and killed her. Generally, many children were put to death during times like that. Lazarus relates that his mother wanted to kill him, because she had no more milk. [However,] Kanjaworduna heard this, [and so] she allowed the lad to suck at her withered breasts until she had milk; in this way she saved his life.

Spelling: pirdarru-yitya

Spelling: pirdarru-Ri-ipa-rna
Context: This applies to the wind, the sun, grasshoppers, and caterpillars, etc.

Spelling: pirdarru-Ri-rna
  • [1] mita pitarurina for the countryside to become increasingly dry
  • [2] palku pitarurina for a body to become more and more emaciated
  • [3] kanta pitarurina for [edible] plants to become more scarce
  • [4] nganti pitarurina for animals to get into poorer and poorer condition
  • [5] pita pitarurina for trees to become more withered
  • [6] pariwilpa pitarurina for the sky to become more and more cloudless
  • [7] ngapa pitarurina for water to become increasingly scarce

Spelling: piti
Grammar: masculine gender.
Context: Every place of origin is [called] a piti, [likewise] every stump, and every fat end.
  • [1] kana piti man's posterior (podex)
  • [2] karku piti ochre mine
  • [3] mirka piti ant-heap [or anthill]
  • [4] marukutu piti brown ochre mine
  • [5] warla piti pounding-stone mine
  • [6] paldiri piti millstone mine
  • [7] tula piti stone-chisel mine
  • [8] maru piti black ochre mine
  • [9] tudna piti gypsum mine
  • [10] milti piti red ochre mine
  • [11] ngarimata piti beginning of flood; catchment area where flood waters accumulate
  • [12] ngurdu piti millstone mine
    Xref: No. 2821-6.
  • [13] pitjiri piti native tobacco plantation
    Context: place where tobacco grows.
  • [14] manga piti place where the 'manga' grass grows
  • [15] kalka piti night; also the west, where night comes from
  • [16] ngura piti middle of a camp
  • [17] ngura piti main camp
    Context: around which smaller camps are to be found.
  • [18] turu piti stump of a burnt-down tree
  • [19] watara piti place of the wind's origin
  • [20] talara piti place of the rain's origin
  • [21] kudna piti ruffle of hair on top of the head
  • [22] kudna piti [topmost] point of the highest sandhill
  • [23] kudna piti middle post on which a fishing net is suspended
  • [24] ngantiminkapiti deepest part of an animal's burrow
  • [25] winpara piti stem of a 'winpara' bush
  • [26] dilla piti stem of a 'dilla' bush
  • [27] kalku piti reed-stem, bulrush-stem
  • [28] jaua piti patch where [bulb] grows
    Context: Thus for all shrubs and bushes, etc.
  • [29] piti karitjina to turn one's back on someone
  • [30] piti terkana to stand in the middle
  • [31] piti burubana to give birth to one's first child; to lay the first egg
  • [32] piti tararana to sit tight; not to get up
  • [33] piti woniwonina to start a discussion
  • [34] piti walto when a person instantly obeys and comes
  • [35] piti karpana to weave shut the bottom of a dilly-bag
  • [36] piti tjirana to upset the result
    Context: e.g. when, pursuant to the killing of two men, friendship has been established but is then broken again.
  • [37] piti pulkana to speak very sternly or sharply
  • [38] piti buru to be plugged up, to be closed, to be obstructed
    Context: when the [top] end of a dilly-bag is sewn shut; or when there is no opening in a thing; or when one can find no way out of a difficulty.
  • [39] piti kipana to provide an opening, to create an opening
    Mythology: Pitikibana did this, when he provided people with a vent (opening) to the body.
  • [40] piti mandrana for two to always walk together
    Context: in single file. When one man walks behind the other, he carries, as it were, the podex of the man in front of him.
  • [41] piti pantjapantja pillar, support of the strong
    Context: A man is so named, when he has already killed a lot of men.
  • [42] piti pantjina to become the [driving] force; one who occasions an uproar, rumpus
  • [43] piti dunka pirna stinking backside
    Context: i.e. an abusive term, deserving of death.
  • [44] piti warapana to state the origin
    Context: i.e. to tell where and how a rumour originated.
  • [45] piti dakana to attack the end
    Context: e.g. to cut through the tap root of a tree, so that it now falls [to the ground].
  • [46] piti dukarana to pull out a stump
    Context: e.g. when even the firmly lodged members of a camp vacate the place, because they are forced to do so.
  • [47] marda piti brow of a stony hill
  • [48] dako piti worn-away brow of a sandhill
  • [49] moku piti end of a bone
    Context: This is what a man is called, who has occasioned the killing of another.
  • [50] piti tilpanta to laugh one to scorn to the bitter end
  • [51] piti numunumuru miser; niggard
    Context: one who hangs on to his possessions to the very last.
  • [52] jaura piti starting-point of a rumour or of news
  • [53] papa piti place where birds first originated from the 'muramura'
    Context: The same applies to all creatures.
  • [54] piti winpana to examine the place of origin, to find out the place of origin
  • [55] piti maru tall rumour; big outcry
  • [56] muramura piti place of origin of the 'muramura'
  • [57] mitimiti piti silver-sand pit

Spelling: piti-yitya
Mythology: the term applied to Pitikibana, who provided humankind with a vent for the body.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Etymology: derived from piti stem and kudu twig, means 'many twigs on the main stem'.

Spelling: piti muku
Grammar: masculine gender.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Insects

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Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Context: this is a Jauraworka word, derived from piti to glimmer; glisten and warukati emu. It is a red-shimmering plant on which emus feed. Emus are fond of eating it.

Spelling: None
Context: which emus are fond of eating.
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: pityi
Grammar: feminine gender.
  • [1] paru pitji fish scales
  • [2] pita pitji tree bark
  • [3] pirra pitji bark coolamon
  • [4] watara pitji wind bark
    Ethnography: wherewith wind may be produced by magic.

Spelling: pityiyampu
Context: that trickles from gum trees and is readily eaten.
Addition: also called 'manna'.
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: pityi-lha
Grammar: masculine gender.
Context: that lives under the bark of old trees.

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  • [1] pota kulnu wapana to go once
  • [2] pota kulnu najina to see once

Spelling: putha
Grammar: numeral and adjective.
  • [1] pota kulno once
  • [2] pota marapu very often; many times
  • [3] turupuda ashes
  • [4] bukapuda flour, meal
    Context: made from pounded seed.
  • [5] pungapuda ashes inside of a wurley
  • [6] kantapuda grass ashes
  • [7] mitapuda earthen ashes, dusty
  • [8] ngapapuda dirty, murky water
    Context: after one has been wading through it.
  • [9] paratarapuda dust from off the plains

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Etymology: derived from poto thing or head decoration and paja bird, and means 'ornamentation on the head'. This grass has a flower like a bird's crest Reuther: "Vogelhippe". or like the cap on a native man's head.

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] milki prantjalku sparkling of the eyes, glittering of the eyes
  • [2] pariwilpa prantjalku yellowish appearance of the sky
    Context: when the atmosphere is filled with dust.
  • [3] jaura prantjalku clear, obvious words
  • [4] kana prantjalku indistinct figure of a man
    Context: as he is seen emerging in the distance.

Spelling: None
Mythology: As Wariliwuluni was nearing the surface of the earth, she noticed that it was getting lighter and day was dawning.

Spelling: partya-iyirpa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: partya-lha

Spelling: partya-lha-rlu
Context: in a restricted sense.

Spelling: partya-lha-rlu

Spelling: partyarna
Grammar: to the exclusion of the speaker, i.e. all of you (excluding myself). On the other hand, 'all', respectively 'everything', means the equivalent of what one can see in front of one: in one's mind, with the [physical] eye, or by way of knowledge. Note this is a numeral, with a verbal ending.
Grammar: Over against the exclusive word, pratjana, there stands the all-embracing term, warupoto all).
  • [1] kana pratjana all people
    Context: excluding the speaker.
  • [2] mita pratjana all the country[side]
    Context: as far as I can see and as much as I can imagine.
  • [3] kajiri pratjana all the creeks
    Context: that I know.
  • [4] ditji pratjana all the days
    Context: that I have lived.
  • [5] nganti pratjana all animals
    Context: that lie at my feet, that I have caught.
  • [6] pita pratjana all trees
    Context: that I can see and that I know.
  • [7] ngapakutu pratjana all waterholes
    Context: that I know of and am familiar with.
  • [8] paja pratjana all birds
    Context: that I know or can see.
  • [9] tupu pratjana all blossoms or flowers
    Context: that I know or can see.
  • [10] marda pratjana all millstones
    Context: that I have seen.
  • [11] tjutju pratjana all types of reptiles and insects
    Context: that I know.
    Semclass: Insects
  • [12] tidna pratjana all footprints
    Context: that exist.
  • [13] mara pratjana all available hands
    Context: excluding my own.
  • [14] mudla pratjana all faces
    Context: that I know.
  • [15] buka pratjana all available bread
  • [16] kaldri pratjana everything that is bitter
    Context: which cannot be eaten.
  • [17] tandra pratjana all [types of] fruit
    Context: known to me.
  • [18] tali pratjana all dialects, languages
    Context: that I know, etc.

Spelling: partya-rna
Grammar: number with a verbal form.
  • [1] kana pratjana all people
    Context: in common (excluding the speaker).
  • [2] buka pratjana all foods
  • [3] ngapa prntjana all the water
  • [4] paua pratjana all the seed
  • [5] poto pratjana all the goods
  • [6] nganti pratjana all the meat [supply]
  • [7] pita pratjana all the trees
  • [8] jaura pratjana all words
  • [9] mardu pratjana all totems in general
  • [10] maua pratjana everybody hungry
  • [11] ngura pratjana all the camps
  • [12] turu pratjana all the firewood
  • [13] kanta pratjana all the grass
  • [14] dako pratjana all sandhills
  • [15] wipa pratjana all the valleys
  • [16] manu pratjana all minds
    Context: these think alike.
  • [17] marda pratjana all stony hills, all ranges
  • [18] dilka pratjana all prickles
  • [19] kupa pratjana all children
  • [20] widla pratjana all women, all wives
  • [21] materi pratjana all [young] men
  • [22] pirnaru pratjana all venerable, old men
  • [23] muntja pratjana all sick people
  • [24] pratjana muka all asleep
  • [25] pratjana tepi everybody awake, alive
  • [26] pratjana jerto everybody satisfied, (foodwise)
  • [27] pratjana junka everybody annoyed, upset
  • [28] pratjana milkila everybody informed
  • [29] pratjana ko everybody ignorant
  • [30] pratjana wapana for everybody to be going
  • [31] pratjana ngamana for everybody to be staying
  • [32] pratjana dikana for everybody to be returning
  • [33] pratjana kinkana for everybody to be laughing

Spelling: partya-rna-yitya

Spelling: partya-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: partya-rna-yitya
Mythology: Katjitirana wanted to kill all the people.

Spelling: partya-tharri-rna
Context: including the speaker.

Spelling: None
Grammar: i.e. with the inclusion of the speaker. kana pratjaterina all people, including myself

Spelling: partya-iyirpa-rna
  • [1] poto pratjijirbana to gather everything together on to one heap
  • [2] paua pratjijirbana to pour or mix all the seed together
  • [3] kupa pratjijirbana to bring all the children together
  • [4] ngapa pratjijirbana to accumulate all the water
    Context: [i.e. togather it all together]. A plain or a lake does this.
  • [5] dako pratjijirbana to gather all sandhills together
    Context: to hunt for all the animals in sandhills

Spelling: puwa
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] tapa pua pus from a wound
  • [2] milki pua discharge from the eyes
  • [3] mudla pua mucus from the nose
    Context: when a person has a cold; otherwise it is gildi.
  • [4] mangatandra pua brain
    Context: literally, 'pus of the head'.
  • [5] talpa pua discharge from the ears
  • [6] mandra pua sputum, phlegm
  • [7] parla pua male semen
  • [8] nari pua moisture from a dead body
  • [9] kutja pua pith inside of a quill, fluid inside the bottom of a quill
  • [10] pua jikana to squeeze out pus

Spelling: puwapuwa-ri-ipa-rna

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Spelling: None
Mythology: Kakalbuna underwent a process of decomposition.

Spelling: puwapuwa-ri-rna

Spelling: pua-ri-rna

Spelling: pula
Grammar: far remote from the speaker.

Spelling: pula
Grammar: at a remote distance.

Spelling: pula-ya
Context: in close proximity.

Spelling: pudla-ya
Alternative: pula-ya
Context: in close proximity to the speaker.
Grammar: third person dual nominative with intransitive verb.

Spelling: pula-ya-ku
Grammar: The suffix -ko is added in all cases where there is uncertainty that 'both of them' are involved.

Spelling: pula-ya-tha
Grammar: The suffix -ta is added, when it is known for a certainty that 'both of them' are involved.

Spelling: pula-li
Context: at a remote distance from the speaker.
Grammar: 3dual nominative with transitive verb.

Spelling: pula-li
Context: at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: pula-li
Grammar: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-li
Grammar: far remote from the speaker.

Spelling: pula-li
Context: at a remote distance from the speaker.
Grammar: 3dual nominative with transitive verb.

Spelling: pula-li-ya
Context: in close proximity to the speaker.
Grammar: 3dual nominative with transitive verb.

Spelling: pula-li-ya
Context: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: None
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual ablative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-li-parra
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual ablative for use with transitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-li-pini
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual ablative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: None
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual ablative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-li-pini
Grammar: in the case of transitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-li-wa
Context: within hailing distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-li-wa
Context: within hailing distance of the speaker.
Grammar: 3dual nominative with transitive verb.

Spelling: pula-li-wa
Grammar: within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: None
Grammar: from pronoun and numeral.
  • [1] jaura pudlamandru deceitful words, double-tongued words
  • [2] jinka pudlamandru double thread, double string
  • [3] manu pudlamandru two-fold nature
    Context: pleasant one moment, irritable the next.
  • [4] watara ja talara pudlamandru wind and rain simultaneously
  • [5] ngapa pudlamandru two kinds of water
  • [6] turutupu pudlamandru two kinds of smoke

Spelling: pula-nha
Grammar: far remote from the speaker.

Spelling: pula-nha
Context: at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: pula-nha-ya
Context: at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-ya
Grammar: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-nha-ya
Context: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-nha-ya
Grammar: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-li
Context: at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-la
Grammar: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-li
Grammar: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-li-wa
Context: within hailing distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-li-wa
Grammar: 3 dual ablative, within calling distance of the speaker. This could also be described as the agentive case of the poss. pron., to be used with transitive verbs. [In the following cases] remote distance is expressed in the same forms as those denoting close proximity.

Spelling: pula-nha-nhi
Context: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-nha-nhi
Context: at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-nhi
Grammar: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-nha-nhi-wa
Context: within hailing distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-nhi-wa
Grammar: within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: None
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual accusative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-nha-parra
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual accusative for use with transitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-nha-pini
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual accusative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: None
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Spelling: pula-nha-wa
Grammar: within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-wa
Grammar: within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-nha-wa
Context: within hailing distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-nha-wa
Context: within hailing distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-nha-ya
Context: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pulanga-rna
  • [1] ngara pudlangana for the heart to become stirred up or upset
  • [2] ngapa pudlangana for water to become stirred up
  • [3] kumari pudlangana for one's blood to be aroused
  • [4] kindala pudlangana for a dog to puff and pant

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Spelling: pula-ngu
Grammar: far remote from the speaker.

Spelling: pula-ngu
Context: at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: pula-ngu
Grammar: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-ngu
Context: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-ngundru
Grammar: If nauja he, respectively nania she in the case of transitive verbs, or nulia he, respectively nandruja she in the case of intransitive verbs, is added to the above forms of the pronoun, it signifies him or her out of the two. The combination of this word with the personal pronoun can be applied in all cases.

Spelling: None
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual dative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-ngu-parra
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual dative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: None
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual dative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-ngu-pini
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual dative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-ngu-wa
Grammar: within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-ngu-wa
Context: within hailing distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni
Grammar: in close proximity to the speaker

Spelling: pula-rni
Context: at a remote distance from the speaker.
Grammar: 3dual possessive.

Spelling: pula-rni
Context: at a remote distance from the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni
Grammar: far remote from the speaker.

Spelling: pula0rni
Grammar: Accusative of the dual possessive pronoun. This is the same as in the nominative, [i.e. pudlani].

Spelling: pula-rni
Context: in close proximity to the speaker.
Grammar: 3dual possessive.

Spelling: pula-rni
Grammar: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni
Grammar: or both their, in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni
Context: in close proximity to the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-ku
Grammar: i.e. a manner of speech expressing uncertainty. The suffix -ko is added, when the speaker is not sure of his facts.

Spelling: pula-rni-parra
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual genitive for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: None
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual genitive for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-rni-pini
Grammar: dual demonstrative.
Grammar: dual genitive for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: None
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual genitive for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-rni-tha
Grammar: a manner of speech expressing certainty, when the speaker is sure of his facts. The dual demonstrative pronoun: '[both] these'.

Spelling: pula-rni-wa
Context: within calling distance of the speaker.
Grammar: 3dual possessive.

Spelling: pula-rni-wa
Grammar: [or both their], within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-wa
Grammar: 3 dual accusative, within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-wa
Context: within hailing distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-rni-wa
Grammar: within calling distance of the speaker.

Spelling: pula-parra
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.

Spelling: None
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual nominative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-parra-ku
Grammar: i.e. form expressing uncertainty.

Spelling: pula-parra-tha
Grammar: i.e. form expressing certainty.

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Spelling: pula-pini
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: there is no distinction in this case between proximity to or remoteness from the speaker.

Spelling: pula-pini
Grammar: demonstrative pronoun.
Grammar: dual nominative for use with intransitive verbs.

Spelling: pula-pini-ku
Grammar: i.e. form expressing uncertainty.

Spelling: pula-pini-tha
Grammar: i.e. form expressing certainty.

Spelling: pula-wa
Context: within hailing distance of the speaker.
Grammar: 3dual nominative with intransitive verb.

Spelling: pula-wa
Grammar: within calling distance of the speaker.

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  • [1] kapi puldrurina for an egg to burst
    Context: for an egg to crack open whilst cooking on the ashes.
  • [2] talara puldrurina for rain to gush forth
    Context: for it to start to rain heavily.
  • [3] kupa puldrurina for a child to make its debut
    Context: at birth.
  • [4] junka puldrurina for one's anger to break forth
  • [5] jindri puldrurina for wailing to break out
  • [6] tiri puldrurina for strife to begin
  • [7] jaurali puldrurina to break forth in words
    Idiom: to express oneself forthrightly
  • [8] palku puldrurina for one's body to break forth
    Idiom: for a man to lose condition during an illness.
  • [9] kangu puldrurina to break out in perspiration
  • [10] kima puldrurina for an ulcer to burst open
  • [11] marda puldrurina for a stone to crack
    Context: in the heat.

Spelling: purlpa
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] mita pulpa playground area
    Context: a spot outside camp, where children and even older folks often play, or where they hang around.
  • [2] tidna pulpa playground [marked by] footprints
    Context: i.e. a place where one can see from the animals' footprints that they have here been racing around together.
  • [3] mana pulpa spot where a secret discussion among men has taken place
    Context: literally, 'mouth playground'.
  • [4] kindala pulpa dogs' playground
    Context: where dogs frisk about.
  • [5] nari pulpa dead man's playground
    Context: place where deceased used to camp, that is, his place of residence.
  • [6] paia pulpa birds' playground
    Context: [place] which birds are fond of making their habitat.

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Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
  • [1] jamani pulparka daytime camping-spot at a fishing net
  • [2] teri pulparka daytime resort [or camping-spot] of young men
  • [3] widla pulparka daytime resort of the women
    Context: Similarly of the young [unmarried] girls, of the children, and of animals.

Spelling: None
Grammar: also adjective.
  • [1] palku pundupundu malodorous body
    Context: when a person is nearing death.
  • [2] nganti pundupundu malodorous, rotting (decomposing) animal; carcase
  • [3] paru pundupundu rotting fish
  • [4] pita pundupundu decaying tree
  • [5] mita pundupundu foul earth
    Context: i.e. when many people are dying.
  • [6] panto pundupundu malodorous lake
    Context: due to the miry bog.
  • [7] jaura pundupundu outdated news, words
  • [8] punga pundupundu old, decaying wurley
  • [9] poto pundupundu clogged up articles
    Context: e.g. a fishing net, a dilly-bag.
  • [10] paua pundupundu rancid seed, mouldy seed

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Spelling: None
Mythology: As Ngutirini was carrying along the dead Kakalbuna, his body was beginning to decompose.

Spelling: punga
Grammar: feminine gender.
  • [1] kana punga person's humpy
  • [2] pira punga ring around the moon
  • [3] ditji punga ring around the sun
    Context: Both indicate rain, saying: Fix up your wurleys now!
  • [4] punga mana entrance to a wurley
  • [5] punga kanta wurley grass
    Context: brush material used for the roofing (covering) of a wurley.
  • [6] punga kangu warmth of a hut
  • [7] punga wilpa hole in a wurley
  • [8] punga pirna large wurley
  • [9] punga putu wurley without any holes
  • [10] punga wilpi brushwood shade-hut
  • [11] punga mandra interior of a wurley
  • [12] punga turu roof of a wurley
  • [13] punga ngalpa side of a wurley
  • [14] punga pitimoku centre-post of a wurley
  • [15] punga tjaru framework of a wurley
    Context: without its grass covering.
  • [16] punga walpa deserted, tumbled-down wurley
  • [17] punganto with a wurley
  • [18] punga pani without a wurley
  • [19] punga marapu numerous wurleys
  • [20] punga marra new wurley
  • [21] mura punga ceremonial wurley
  • [22] bukatu punga ochre-collectors' wurley
    Context: in which the net-bags are lying.
  • [23] talara punga rain [maker's] wurley
    Context: in which petitions for rain are offered up.

Spelling: pungala
Grammar: feminine gender.
  • [1] kana pungala person's shadow
  • [2] mungara pungala spirit's shadow
    Context: i.e. the reflection of a person's shadow.
  • [3] pita pungala shade of a tree
  • [4] talara pungala shadow of a raincloud
  • [5] kutji pungala shadow of the devil
    Ethnography: Only the witchdoctors [claim to] see this.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.

Spelling: purnka-lha-rlu

Spelling: purnka-rna
  • [1] kupa punkana for a child to grow
  • [2] kanta punkana for grass to grow
  • [3] njurdu punkana for a beard to grow, to grow a beard
  • [4] para punkana for hair to grow
    Context: on the head.
  • [5] pita punkana for a tree to grow
  • [6] mita punkana for ground to grow
    Context: for sandhills to grow higher and higher on account of the winds that blow.
  • [7] kutja punkana for feathers to grow
  • [8] kana punkana for a person to grow
    Context: to gain in strength.
  • [9] paua punkana for seed to grow
    Context: for grass seed to ripen.
  • [10] talarapalku punkana for rainclouds to grow
    Context: [in size], getting thicker (fuller) and heavier.
  • [11] kima punkana for a swelling to grow
    Context: [increase in size].
  • [12] manatandra punkana for teeth (of a child) to grow
    Context: [or develop].
  • [13] marapiri punkana for fingernails to grow
    Context: Similarly, the toenails.
  • [14] ngama punkana for breasts to develop
    Context: e.g. those of a young maiden.
  • [15] milkikutja punkana for eyebrows to grow
    Context: [lit:] eye-feathers.
  • [16] karu punkana for grey hairs to grow
    Context: [for a person] to turn grey.
  • [17] tjilpi punkana for warts to grow
  • [18] pirna punkana to grow up
    Context: big, bigger.
  • [19] pirna tarana to grow up tall; to shoot up high
  • [20] palku punkana for a body to develop
    Context: become fatter, stronger.
  • [21] tiwi punkana for flowers to grow
  • [22] tali punkana for a man's tongue to grow
    Idiom: for a speaker to increase in fervour.

Spelling: purnka-rna-yitya

Spelling: purnka-tharri-rna

Spelling: purnka-ipa-rna
Context: This has [particular] reference to the invocatory songs.

Spelling: purnka-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: punku
Grammar: masculine gender.
Context: when ready for spinning. This is acquired from the following bush varieties: mutja, duntji, kutjanduru, Reuther spells this word as kutjawonduru in No. 408 and No. 2756-69, but as kutjarandaru in No. 3050-90. tunadura, Reuther spells this word as turatura in No. 405 and No. 2597-52. talpatandra, wajarla, and ngamakatakata.

Spelling: punku-yitya

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Etymology: meaning 'entangled, confused'. [This plant is] so named because the root of the punkupunku looks like an entangled coil or knot.

Spelling: punku-ri-ipa-rna

Spelling: punku-ri-rna
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  • [1] billi punmana to fold up a dilly-bag
  • [2] mana punmana to block up en opening or entrance
  • [3] baka punmana to give up a [certain] custom
    Context: e.g. no longer to search for a wife.
  • [4] jinka punmana to roll up [a bundle of] string
  • [5] karana punmana to wrap string around [one's waist] for a belt
  • [6] ngalpa punmana to cover one's private parts
  • [7] pita punmana to cover up a weapon, to bury a weapon
  • [8] jaura punmana to hide words
    Idiom: to hold words in check [or to reserve one's counsel].
  • [9] mura punmana to keep a sacred ceremony secret
  • [10] moku punmana to keep a [magic] bone secret
  • [11] ngapatjili punmana to stop up a well

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Spelling: None
Context: Used in reference to all sorts of things.

Spelling: punnga
Grammar: masculine gender.

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  • [1] tidna punpana to step on with the feet
  • [2] jerra punpana to go in that direction, to step in that direction
  • [3] jera punpana to come in this direction, to step in this direction
  • [4] worita punpana to go a long way; to take big strides
  • [5] punpana tarana to climb upwards

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants
Context: means 'round'.

Spelling: None
Grammar: feminine gender.
Semclass: Plants

Spelling: punthi-ipa-rna
  • [1] poto puntibana to divide up goods
  • [2] mudla puntibana to separate faces
    Idiom: to send one group of people in this direction, another group in that
  • [3] ngapa puntibana to divide up water
    Context: sending some here and some there.
  • [4] buka puntibana to distribute food
  • [5] kana puntibana to divide up people
    Context: sending one group in this direction, another in that.
  • [6] noa puntibana to separate a married couple
  • [7] turu puntibana to divide up firewood
  • [8] kirra puntibana to divide up boomerangs
  • [9] nganti puntibana to divide up meat
  • [10] jaura puntibana [to disseminate news]
    Context: to send one message in this direction, another in that.
  • [11] mankara puntibana to divide up [eligible] girls
    Context: giving one in marriage here, another there.
  • [12] nari puntibana to separate dead
    Context: when, pursuant to the killing of two men, [one on either side,] peace has been established, but is broken again.

Spelling: punthi-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: punthi-ipa-tharri-rna

Spelling: punthi-lha-rlu
Mythology: The children of Wariliwuluni went away and got themselves separated from their mother.

Spelling: punthi-rna
  • [1] ngani puntina for me to go away
  • [2] kana puntina for people to part
  • [3] palto puntina for a track to branch off
  • [4] kajiri puntina for a side-creek to branch off
  • [5] dako puntina for a sandhill to branch off
  • [6] maru puntina for a plain to become detached
  • [7] jaura puntina for news to spread (in various directions)
  • [8] tjilpi puntina for a fork [of a tree] to branch off
  • [9] nganti puntina for animals to disperse, run away [in separate directions]
  • [10] talara puntina for rain to move around closer
  • [11] noa puntina for a husband/wife to leave
  • [12] tidna puntina for footprints to lead off, branch off [in another direction]
  • [13] tiri puntina to depart in anger
  • [14] murla puntina to depart in peace; to part as friends
  • [15] kaldri puntina to part in a bitter, wrangling [mood]
  • [16] pungani puntina to leave a wurley
  • [17] ngapa puntina for waters to divide
  • [18] kana puntina for a person to depart
    Idiom: to die.
  • [19] jindinga puntina when a 'wiljaru' leaves [the camp]
  • [20] kindala puntina for a dog to run away
  • [21] pitjiraia puntina to go away [in search of] chewing-tobacco

Spelling: punthi-rna-yitya

Spelling: pupa-mali-rna

Spelling: pupa-rna
Etymology: In Wonkanguru [the word means] 'to cry, weep'.
  • [1] kana pupana to cry "shame" on a person
    Context: This stirs up trouble, and not seldom leads to death [or killing].
  • [2] paja pupana to scare away birds
    Context: by saying shoo!.
  • [3] mitapiri pupana to cry in the direction of a [certain] place
    Ethnography: If a man is on a journey but does not reach his destination quickly, he tosses a handful of sand in the direction of his destination. Thereby he draws closer to his objective, or his objective is brought closer [to him].
  • [4] pirra pupana for the moon to shed forth its first rays
    Context: and then to appear itself.
  • [5] tataru pupana to disperse fog
    Ethnography: by saying to the accompaniment of an invocatory song.
  • [6] tidna pupana to say to footprints
    Ethnography: When, upon discovering the footprints of some hunters who have gone on ahead, one does not wish them to catch their quarry, one cries "fie" (pupana) on their footprints. This is a form of enchantment or bewitchment.
  • [7] marda pupana to charm a mountain range
    Ethnography: This is done when one is about to climb a mountain range, with the aim in view that it may diminish in height, so that one may be able to climb it more easily. Especially is this done when climbing the range at Parachilna Reuther mistakenly refers to "Farina". However, it was at Parachilna where this bukatu was collected for the purpose of bringing down ochre. [It is also done] so that one may not fall down.
  • [8] muramura pupana to charm someone's 'muramura'
    Ethnography: In accordance with legend, all men [engaged in] fetching ochre singe the hair [off their bodies]. When they are nearing home and the people [from the camp] - who, of course, are covered in body hair - bring them food, the latter laugh them to scorn, because they are not as attractive, so to speak. They laugh at their muramura.
  • [9] ngura pupana to deride a camp
    Ethnography: to deride or laugh at a camp to scorn. This is done by the collectors of chewing-tobacco. On their coming home, they laugh at the folks sitting in camp. Thereby they want to show off their noble exploits.
  • [10] nganti pupana to charm animals
    Context: so that they cannot escape.
  • [11] kana pupana to laugh at people
    Context: and throw dust up in the air at them.

Spelling: pupa-rna-yitya

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Spelling: pupa-tharri-rna
Context: out of self-protection. palkaljurani pupaterina to protect oneself against wandering witchdoctors disguised as crows If a flock of cawing crows comes flying along when a man is out bush, he believes them to be disguised witch-doctors who are bent on soul-snatching. He attempts to guard himself against them by charming Reuther: "durch Bereden". them, so that they cannot take, steal, or rob his heart.

Spelling: pupa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: purra-lha-rlu

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  • [1] nganti purana to tear off meat
    Context: from bones with one's teeth.
  • [2] palku purana to tear off the body
    Context: to tear off a piece of flesh from the body, e.g. a dog.
  • [3] billi purana to tear a dilly-bag
  • [4] para purana to tear a rug
    Context: deliberately.
  • [5] jama purana to tear a net
  • [6] jaura purana to fragment words
    Idiom: to present two lines of thought.
  • [7] tandra purana to tear off fruit
  • [8] mara purana to snatch from the hand

Spelling: purra-rna tharri-rba

Spelling: purra-rna-yitya
Context: e.g. a dog.

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.

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  • [1] nganti puraterina for meat to swell up on hot coals
  • [2] talarapalku puraterina for rainclouds to burst and empty themselves
  • [3] tapa puraterina for a wound, an ulcer (swelling) or boil to burst
  • [4] ngara puraterina for one's heart to burst
    Context: This may express itself in joy or in lamentation.
  • [5] kalu puraterina for one's liver to burst
    Idiom: for feelings of mercy to find self-expression.
  • [6] milki puraterina for one's eyes to be opened
    Idiom: to be able to see things now from a proper point of view.
  • [7] mana puraterina for one's mouth to open up
    Idiom: to speak with fervour about one's affairs.
  • [8] mita puraterina for earth to crack open; for ground to develop cracks
  • [9] pitji puraterina for bark (on trees) to split
  • [10] pumpu puraterina for flower-buds to burst open
  • [11] papiri puraterina for pods to burst
  • [12] kapi puraterina for eggs to burst
    Context: in the ashes.
  • [13] tidna puraterina for feet to develop cracks
    Context: Similarly for hands.

Spelling: puri-ipa-rna
Mythology: The star, Kalkuwulana, does this. When it appears in in the sky, the weather turns cold.
  • [1] pita puribana to pull down, tear up a tree
  • [2] jaura puribana to utter the words freely; [to make a frank statement]
  • [3] kirra puribana to throw down a boomerang
  • [4] kupa puribena to throw down a child
  • [5] ngulku puribana to express a complaint
  • [6] parlapuri puribana to cause one's semen to spill
  • [7] pantja puribana to throw down (somebody's) knees
    Idiom: to deprive someone of his strength by means of sorcery.
  • [8] manu puribana padakena to throw away one's mood [end] take along
    Idiom: to allow someone to go along after a lot of persuasion.
  • [9] tidna puribana to set foot on something
  • [10] kaldri puribana to assail someone in [bitter] anger
  • [11] mane puribana to put a person to silence
  • [12] mara puribana to relax one's hand
    Idiom: no longer to work.
  • [13] panki puribana to demolish the banks of a creek
    Idiom: to summon people from both banks (sides) down into the bed of a creek.
  • [14] ngara puribana to break a person's heart through [bad] news
  • [15] noa puribana to reject one's wife or husband
  • [16] milki puribana to let one's eyes fall on something
    Idiom: to focus one's attention on something.
  • [17] milki puribana to empty mesh
    Idiom: to take fish out of the mesh of a fishing-net.
  • [18] pirra puribana to make the moon smaller
    Context: to wait until it is on the wane.
  • [19] malti puribana to send (down) cool weather
  • [20] turu puribana to send (down) fire, to send down hot weather
    Ethnography: The Southern Gross does this.
  • [21] billi puribana to throw a dilly-bag down from a tree
  • [22] paua puribana to spill seed, to throw away seed
  • [23] mana puribana to throw away one's mouth
    Idiom: to speak when one should not. One doesn't say, [for example:] "the dog has caught the emu;" this would cause him to lose it again. Therefore a man looks on in silence, and says nothing.
  • [24] jaura puribana to cast words on someone
    Idiom: to order someone to attend to this and that.

Spelling: puri-ipa-rna tharri-rna

Spelling: puri-iyirpa-rna
Mythology: The two sons of Darana threw their father's dilly-begs down from the trees.

Spelling: puri-rna
  • [1] kana purina for a person to fall
  • [2] pira purina for the moon to wane, for the moon to get smaller
  • [3] manatandra purina for a tooth to drop out
  • [4] para purina for hair to drop out
  • [5] mara purina to lose a hand
    Context: to fall out of one's hand.
  • [6] ditji purina for a star to fall
    Context: shooting star.
  • [7] mara purina to lose a hand
    Idiom: to bury a man
  • [8] manu purina to lose one's spirit (or) mood
    Idiom: to lose one's courage.
  • [9] billi purina for a dilly-bag to fall down
    Context: e.g. from a tree.
  • [10] mana purina for one's mouth to drop
    Idiom: to stop eating.
  • [11] palku purina for one's body to drop
    Idiom: to grow thin.
  • [12] pita purina for a tree to fall over
  • [13] milkigildi purina for tears to fall, to cry
  • [14] talara purina for rain to fall
  • [15] watara purina for a wind to come along
  • [16] paja purina for a bird to drop
    Context: when it has been hit.
  • [17] piti purina for one's backside (podex) to drop
    Idiom: for birds to begin to lay eggs.
  • [18] kutja purina for feathers to drop out
  • [19] mudla purina for one's face to fall
    Idiom: to cast one's gaze in sorrow to the ground.
  • [20] mandre purina for one's stomach to drop
    Idiom: to be hungry.
  • [21] teri purina for a young man not to accept a girl promised to him
  • [22] mita purina for earth to cascade
    Context: or tumble down from the edge [into the abyss].
  • [23] kalka purina ngarina for a sunset glow to gradually sink and disappear
  • [24] munara purina for a bank to descend or slope downwards
  • [25] ngapatjili purina for a soakage-well to cave in
  • [26] junka purina to tend to get angry, to incline to get angry
  • [27] marda purina for a stone to drop
  • [28] kirra purina for a boomerang to fall down
  • [29] tandra purina for fruit to drop off, for fruit to fall down
  • [30] tupu purina for blossoms to drop, for blossums to fall off
  • [31] kupa purina for a child to fall down
  • [32] pungala purina for shadows to fall
  • [33] punga purina for a wurley to collapse
  • [34] pata purina as a man of the same age to be slain in another's stead
  • [35] kangu purina for perspiration to run down
    Idiom: to provide and look after children or old people.
  • [36] baka purina for one's natural forces to abate
    Context: after one has had a lot of children.
  • [37] muntja purina to get sick; to become ill
  • [38] butju purina to go blind
    Context: [as the result] of an eye-disease, therefore always to be looking at the ground.
  • [39] pita purina for net-posts to fall over
  • [40] muru purina for a scab to come loose
    Context: [or come off].
  • [41] baka purina bakuna to continually bend down quickly whilst digging
  • [42] ngurli purina for resin to trickle down
  • [43] mardani purina to fall over stones
  • [44] pitandru purina to fall from a tree

Spelling: puri-rna-lha-rlu

Spelling: puri-rna-yitya
Context: e.g. a child, or a blind person.

Spelling: purka-rna
  • [1] ngapeni purkana to wade through water
  • [2] buljurani purkana to wade through s bog
  • [3] tidnani purkana to wade through one's foot, to pick up a splinter in one's foot
  • [4] mara purkana for a hand to wade through
    Ethnography: when a man, in the course of strangling another, kneads the soft area below [his victim's] ribs Reuther: "die Weichen". with his fists.
  • [5] buruni purkana to wade through frost
  • [6] mana purkana for one's mouth to wade through
    Context: for meat to be so fatty, that, while a man is eating, the fat oozes out of his mouth.
  • [7] pantuni purkana to wade across a lake
  • [8] nganti purkana for an animal to wade [into water]
  • [9] purkana ngarina to descend and wade through
  • [10] pirna purkana to wade through [in grand style]
    Context: This is a common saying, when the wiluru bird In Volume X, page 1, No.16 this is described as the 'curlew or sandpiper'. is [heard to be] calling out. It is an indication that heavy rain is on the way, and that one will need to wade through a lot of water.
  • [11] nguna purkana for one's arm to wade through
    Ethnography: Prior to the circumcision of a young man, before he leaves his camp to go elsewhere for [this rite] to be carried out, a dishful of seed-pulp is placed in front of him. Running his hand through this seed-pulp, he flings it about to show that he will have nothing to do with [the people who have brought it to him].
  • [12] ngapamillani purkana to wade through a stream of water
  • [13] kalti purkana for a spear to wade through
    Context: when it is hurled through a man's body.

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Addition: If Scherer's note is correct; this bird is Trichoglossus moluccanus.
Semclass: Birds

Spelling: None
Grammar: masculine gender.
Semclass: Fish

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  • [1] kana pururu robust person
  • [2] mandra pururu [full] contented stomach
  • [3] ngulku pururu puffed up cheeks
  • [4] ngapajunga pururu well-filled end-stretched (skin) waterbag
  • [5] manu pururu full of feeling
    Context: i.e. filled with vexation, discontent.
  • [6] pantu pururu full lake
  • [7] billi pururu fully-stuffed dilly-bag
  • [8] jinka pururu thickly-rolled hank of [human hair] string
  • [9] tandra pururu full, fat grains
  • [10] kime pururu thick swelling
  • [11] paja pururu lots of egg[-cells] in the ovary
  • [12] tali pururu full tongue
    Context: one who takes a big mouthful.
  • [13] nari pururu inflated body of a dead man
  • [14] nariwonpa pururu heaped up grave-mound

Spelling: None
Grammar: used with 'be'.
  • [1] jaurali pururu nganana to be full of words to the point of bursting
  • [2] tidna pururu nganana for one's feet to be swollen
  • [3] tirieli pururu ngenana to be filled with anger

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Spelling: None
Grammar: used with 'make'.
  • [1] billi pururu ngankana to fill a dilly-bag
  • [2] ngapajunga pururu ngankana to fill a (skin) water-bag
  • [3] kutu pururu ngankana to fill a hole
  • [4] kajiri pururu ngankana to fill a water-channel
    Context: e.g. with birds.
  • [5] jaureli pururu ngankana to fill with words
    Idiom: to encourage a person in such a way that he does something
  • [6] pantu pururu ngankana to fill a lake

:
:
:

Spelling: None
Context: of animals and humans.

Spelling: puto
Addition: Reuther also spells this "poto".
  • [1] putu ngakani my belongings
  • [2] putu jinkani your belongings
  • [3] kana putu people's goods and chattels
  • [4] putupaja type of bush
  • [5] putu jinkina to give, hand things over
  • [6] putu manina to fetch things
  • [7] putu janpana to hold things back
  • [8] putu worduwordu little things; knick-knacks
  • [9] putu marapu lots of things
  • [10] putu pirna big, important things; riches
  • [11] putu waka small trinkets; few goods
  • [12] putu tikalkana to bring things back
  • [13] putu padakana to carry things thither
  • [14] putu daribana to scatter, lose, throw things away
  • [15] putu karkana to ask for, order things
  • [16] putu ngaianani our things
  • [17] putu kulkana to guard, protect things
  • [18] putu pinpana to lay things aside; to keep things in reserve
  • [19] putuja kupana proprietor; owner of the property
  • [20] putuja kapara trading leader [or spokesman]
    Context: through this person business [transactions] must be handled.
  • [21] putuja kamaneli personal articles, family articles
    Context: e.g. things belonging to my father.
  • [22] putu maradunka inherited goods; inheritance
  • [23] putu buru paid-for goods
    Context: i.e. articles for which other goods have been exchanged.
  • [24] putu wilpa unpaid-for goods
    Context: i.e. articles for which other goods have not as yet been exchanged.
  • [25] putu kurirbi secret, confidential goods
  • [26] putu marra new articles
  • [27] putu palarani articles lying there exposed
  • [28] putu ngumu good articles
  • [29] putu duljadulja goods that are lying scattered about
  • [30] putu jinkimalina to barter, exchange goods
  • [31] putu patana to receive goods
  • [32] putu nguja najina to compare goods
  • [33] putu ngujamana to recognize goods
  • [34] putu worangana to have one's doubts about the goods, as to whether they are really the right ones
  • [35] putu jedibani falsified goods
  • [36] putu tula strange goods
  • [37] putuni milkirina to have a hankering after, to covet [certain] things
  • [38] putu womarla old things
  • [39] putu karibana to hang things up
    Context: e.g. on a tree.

Spelling: putu-yitya

Spelling: None
Context: in contrast to a portion missing.
  • [1] kana putuku all people without exception
  • [2] poto putuku all things without exception
  • [3] naapa putuku everything full of water; amply provided with water
  • [4] buka putuku superabundant food
  • [5] kanta putuku ample [supply of] edible grass
  • [6] noa putuku only enough women: one for each and still some left
  • [7] kupa putuku children in vast numbers
  • [8] jaura putuku superabundant information
  • [9] nari putuku plenty of dead people
    Context: many already killed (slain).
  • [10] mana putuku full to the mouth [or the] opening
    Context: e.g. a dilly-bag full to overflowing.
  • [11] paua putuku superabundant [supply of] seed
  • [12] tidna putuku profusion of footprints
    Context: i.e. so many footprints that individual ones can no longer be distinguished.
  • [13] palku putuku whole belly full

Spelling: None
Context: e.g. everybody full of sores, all the wurleys full of people, all dillybags full of seed.

Spelling: puthurru-lha

Spelling: putu-Ri-rna

Spelling: puthurru
Grammar: feminine gender.
  • [1] watara puturu dust storm
  • [2] mita puturu ground dust; fog
  • [3] milki puturu eye dust
    Idiom: dim, dull eyes.
  • [4] talara puturu rain dust
    Context: rain that is seen falling in white [sheets or streaks], like dust.
  • [5] mita puturu surface dust
    Context: when the ground is as dry as powder, especially on the plains.
  • [6] pariwilpa puturu sky dust
    Context: sky overcast with white, fog-like clouds.
  • [7] tala puturu hard skin, dry skin
    Context: that is not rubbed in with fat.
  • [8] nganka puturu dusty beard; grizzly beard
  • [9] mara puturu dusty hand
    Context: said of a person who is stingy or mean.
  • [10] ngura puturu dirty camp
    Context: where there are lots of coals lying about.
  • [11] pita puturu dusty, ashen-grey trees
    Context: i.e. [in reference to] their leaves.
  • [12] tidna puturu dust-covered, obliterated footprints
  • [13] mudla puturu dusty, sand-covered face
  • [14] pare puturu dusty rug
  • [15] marda puturu range enveloped in dust or fog
  • [16] pare puturu hair covered in dust or sand
  • [17] mana puturu dusty mouth
    Idiom: mouth deprived of fat, [because] there is no meat to eat.

Spelling: puthurru-yitya

Spelling: puthurru-lha-rlu

Spelling: puthurru-Ri-ipa-rna
Context: The wind does this.

Spelling: puthurru-Ri-rna